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1.
This paper examines the relationship between migration and marriage by describing how the distributions of marital statuses
and assortative mating patterns vary by individual and community experiences of migration. In Mexico, migrants and those living
in areas with high levels of out-migration are more likely to be in heterogamous unions. This is because migration increases
the relative attractiveness of single return migrants while disproportionately reducing the number of marriageable men in
local marriage markets. In the United States, the odds of homogamy are lower for migrants compared with nonmigrants; however,
they do not vary depending on the volume of migration in communities. Migrants are more likely than nonmigrants to “marry
up” educationally because the relatively small size of this group compels them to expand their pool of potential spouses to
include nonmigrants, who tend to be better educated than they are. Among migrants, the odds of marrying outside of one’s education
group increase the most among the least educated. In Mexican communities with high rates of out-migration, the odds of marrying
outside of one’s education group are highest among those with the highest level of education. These findings suggest that
migration disrupts preferences and opportunities for homogamy by changing social arrangements and normative climates. 相似文献
2.
David Matarrita-Cascante 《Social indicators research》2010,98(1):105-127
The relationship between a community’s services and conditions, satisfaction, and overall quality of life were examined in
this study. As these relationships respond to specific contextual and cultural settings, qualitative methods were used to
account for their complexity and depth. Key informant interviews were conducted in two rural communities experiencing changes
in their living conditions as they shifted to a tourism-driven economy. The study allowed a better understanding of how residents
contextualized the abovementioned relationships. Findings suggest the need to account for pre-existing social arrangements,
and current community interactional and organizational conditions to better understand resident’s perceived living conditions,
community satisfaction and quality of life. 相似文献
3.
There is an increasing support from international organizations and the research community for stepping beyond infant or child
mortality as the most common child level social indicator and progressing towards an international measure of child development.
The Early Development Instrument (EDI) is a teacher-completed measure of children’s developmental health at school entry,
which to date has been used in more than a dozen countries. The EDI includes five developmental domains (Physical Health and
Well-being, Social Competence, Emotional Maturity, Language and Cognitive Development and Communication Skills and General
Knowledge) and 16 subdomains. This paper examines the EDI’s psychometric properties in four English-speaking countries (Canada,
Australia, United States and Jamaica) by evaluating both the internal consistency and factor structures, as well as exploring
the association between the EDI’s Language and Cognitive Development Domain and a direct assessment of children’s receptive
vocabulary (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, PPVT). Overall, the factor loadings and internal consistencies of domains and
subdomains were similar across the countries. The comparisons of the Language and Cognitive Development Domain with the PPVT
showed high specificity and low sensitivity. The results of this paper indicate that the EDI, a measure of children’s developmental
status at school entry, demonstrates similar psychometric properties in a number of countries, thus building the evidence
for the instrument to be added to the limited array of internationally comparable child social indicators. 相似文献
4.
Robert L. Boyd 《Population research and policy review》1990,9(2):117-132
This article examines public policy and social welfare issues related to a recent trend in black business ownership: the decline
of black-owned businesses in ‘traditional’ personal services serving a predominantly black clientele, and the corresponding
increase of black-owned businesses in ‘emerging’ capital- and knowledge-intensive fields. It is argued that, while the growth
of black business ownership in emerging fields is a sign of black economic progress, overall trends in black business ownership
are not entirely positive. For one thing, the divergent trends in traditional and emerging black-owned firms reflect widening
socioeconomic disparities within black communities. Moreover, the decline of traditional black-owned firms bodes ill for disadvantaged
blacks in inner-cities. After reviewing the development of black business enterprise in the United States, trends in black
business ownership since the 1970s are examined. Patterns of change in traditional personal services and emerging business
services are then linked to social and economic transformations that have enabled many blacks to participate in the larger
national economy. The article concludes by discussing the implications of declines in traditional black businesses for black
well-being and for public policy. 相似文献
5.
This essay examines the consequences of major social, demographic and economic trends in the United States since World War
II. These include rising women’s employment, the ‘Baby Boom’, the outlines of the so-called ‘new’ immigration, the increasing
racial and ethnic diversity deriving from that immigration, the economic contexts in which recent US immigration has occurred,
and recent technologically-induced features of global work flows that will condition immigration’s future reception and effects.
Women’s wartime work experiences, together with their economic opportunities in the ensuing decades, boosted married women’s
autonomy and domestic leverage. Rising economic prosperity encouraged marriage and family formation even as growing employment
among married women of childbearing age made having and taking care of large families more difficult. World War II also spawned
the expansion of migration to the United States, which in turn converted the country from a largely biracial society with
a sizable white majority and a small black minority into a multiracial, multiethnic society with greater racial and ethnic
boundary crossing and increasingly blurred colour lines. A major issue is whether currently changing economic conditions and
social institutions will support and strengthen such tendencies or instead weaken them. Without robust job growth, the demographic
legacy of the baby boom, which now involves ever-rising numbers of retired people, will be more difficult to support, especially
given the country’s current fiscal deficits. Greater earnings inequality and weak job growth may also poison the climate for
further immigration to the US, thus diminishing the chance that newcomers can continue contributing to the dissolution of
fault lines among racial-ethnic groups and to the resolution of periodic labour shortages. 相似文献
6.
Fleeing the storm(s): an examination of evacuation behavior during florida’s 2004 hurricane season 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The 2004 hurricane season was the worst in Florida’s history, with four hurricanes causing at least 47 deaths and some $45
billion in damages. To collect information on the demographic impact of those hurricanes, we surveyed households throughout
the state and in the local areas that sustained the greatest damage. We estimate that one-quarter of Florida’s population
evacuated prior to at least one hurricane; in some areas, well over one-half of the residents evacuated at least once, and
many evacuated several times. Most evacuees stayed with family or friends and were away from home for only a few days. Using
logistic regression analysis, we found that the strength of the hurricane and the vulnerability of the housing unit had the
greatest impact on evacuation behavior; additionally, several demographic variables had significant effects on the probability
of evacuating and the choice of evacuation lodging (family/friends, public shelters, or hotels/motels). With continued population
growth in coastal areas and the apparent increase in hurricane activity caused by global warming, threats posed by hurricanes
are rising in the United States and throughout the world. We believe the present study will help government officials plan
more effectively for future hurricane evacuations. 相似文献
7.
Using multi-level modeling in 26 communities, this study examines contributors to three domains of community satisfaction—overall satisfaction, social life satisfaction, and infrastructure satisfaction. Human capital/demographic and social capital/network contributors emerge at both the individual and community levels in accounting for variation in community satisfaction. Some effects remain the same across levels and domains, but some effects differ. For example, living near family members increases satisfaction in all domains at the individual level, but at the community level, it decreases satisfaction in all domains. Residing in communities high in urbanicity reduces overall satisfaction, but has no effect on infrastructure satisfaction. Moreover, both individual and community level factors matter and impact community satisfaction. 相似文献
8.
Sharon Jackson 《Journal of Population Research》1995,12(1):25-34
This paper applies a simple economic model to explain short run movements in Australian fertility, abstracting from social
and cultural conditions. It shows that Australian fertility can be modelled with some success using only wages and employment
data, once we allow for the different effects of changes in men’s and women’s wages for the period 1966–90. The elasticity
of the total fertility rate over this period is found to be negative with respect to women’s wages and positive with respect
to men’s wages. As well as having the expected sign, the estimated elasticities are similar in magnitude to those for the
United States over the period 1948–75. 相似文献
9.
The tenth leading cause of death in the United States in 2009 was suicide. Emile Durkheim demonstrated that suicide can be studied as a social phenomenon. However, sociologists have been oddly silent on the subject in recent years. Research that has been done by sociologists on suicide has examined the role social capital plays in reducing suicide. However, Richard Florida has argued that today communities are not developing around social capital, but instead moving toward his creative capital model. No study has been done examining the association between creative capital and suicide. This analysis examined what developing around a creative capital model means for suicide. The findings demonstrate that there is a positive association between creative capital and suicide. The current analysis should give pause to communities attempting to develop around the creative capital model. 相似文献
10.
The paper indicates using community development and sustainable livelihood theories as lenses that well-being indicators vary
among societies, especially in developing countries due cultural differences. The study which was carried in three rural communities
in Ho Municipality in the Ghana was to show the extent to which men’s and women’s sense of well-being were determined by their
local economic, religious, social, and education indicators; all of which were driven by their cultural values. Since men
and women placed different values on religious, social, economic, education indicators, the paper discusses that their importance
to overall well-being also differs between men and women. 相似文献
11.
The rural United States has suffered long-term population decline over the past several decades, especially in farming communities.
In recent years, biofuel production has been argued to hold potential for the revitalization of rural America and in response,
many rural communities have eagerly attempted to attract ethanol plants as a local development effort. This study conceptualizes
economic revitalization in terms of population dynamics and investigates whether the establishment of a biofuel plant has
been associated with changes in population aging, natural increase, and/or migration trends in the West North Central United
States, the location of the majority of the nation’s biofuel plants. Using path dependence as a conceptual framework and aggregate
statistics from a variety of sources, results from spatial regression models indicate that despite initial expectations, ethanol
plants have no association with the demographic trajectories of rural counties. 相似文献
12.
Social Indicators Research - Recent attention has focused upon the socialand economic impact of legalized gambling,particularly casino gambling. Thoughconsiderable attention has been paid to... 相似文献
13.
Amy Kate Bailey 《Population research and policy review》2011,30(5):701-728
In this paper, I gauge the impact of veteran status on migration probabilities for black and white men in the late 20th century
United States, comparing cohorts that were subject to various military staffing policies. I find that white veterans are more
likely than are white non-veterans to live outside the state of their birth and to have recently migrated. These effects persist
regardless of whether veterans were subject to the draft or the All Volunteer Force staffing policy, and are durable across
the life course. Among blacks, elevated rates of veterans’ migration are first observed in 1980. These results illuminate
a previously unidentified consequence of veteran status, and may point to a policy-linked mechanism through which prior military
employment influences social mobility, the American labor force is redistributed, and the racial composition of states and
localities is altered. 相似文献
14.
A longitudinal analysis of family migration and the gender gap in earnings in the united states and great britain 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This article uses longitudinal data for the United States and Great Britain to examine the impact of residential mobility
and childbirth on the earnings of women, their family earnings, and the related division of earnings by gender. This project
is the _ rst to compare explicitly the impact of childbirth and family migration on women’s earnings, and it extends prior
cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on isolated countries by providing a direct contrast between two major industrialized
nations, using comparable measures. The results indicate that families respond in similar ways in both countries to migration
and childbirth. In response to both migration and childbirth, women’s earnings fall at the time of the event and recover slowly
afterward, but the magnitude of the impact is roughly twice as large for childbirth as for migration. However, migration but
not the birth of a child is also associated with a significant increase in total family earnings because of increased husbands’
earnings. As a result, the effect of migration on the relative earnings of wives to husbands is similar to the effect of childbirth.
These results suggest that family migration should be given consideration in the literature on the gender earnings gap. 相似文献
15.
Few studies have examined whether sex differences in mortality are associated with different distributions of risk factors
or result from the unique relationships between risk factors and mortality for men and women. We extend previous research
by systematically testing a variety of factors, including health behaviors, social ties, socioeconomic status, and biological
indicators of health. We employ the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey III Linked Mortality File and use Cox
proportional hazards models to examine sex differences in adult mortality in the United States. Our findings document that
social and behavioral characteristics are key factors related to the sex gap in mortality. Once we control for women’s lower
levels of marriage, poverty, and exercise, the sex gap in mortality widens; and once we control for women’s greater propensity
to visit with friends and relatives, attend religious services, and abstain from smoking, the sex gap in mortality narrows.
Biological factors—including indicators of inflammation and cardiovascular risk—also inform sex differences in mortality.
Nevertheless, persistent sex differences in mortality remain: compared with women, men have 30% to 83% higher risks of death
over the follow-up period, depending on the covariates included in the model. Although the prevalence ofriskfactors differs
by sex, the impact of those riskfactors on mortality is similar for men and women. 相似文献
16.
M. Joseph Sirgy Robin N. Widgery Dong-Jin Lee Grace B. Yu 《Social indicators research》2010,96(2):295-311
A new measure of community well-being is developed based on the notion that community residents perceive the quality-of-life
(QOL) impact of community services and conditions in various life domains (e.g., family, social, leisure, health, financial,
cultural, consumer, work, spiritual, and environmental domains). These perceptions influence residents’ overall perception
of community well-being, their commitment to the community, and their overall life satisfaction. Survey data were collected
in the Flint area (Michigan, USA) in four waves (1978, 1990, 2001, and 2006). The data supported the nomological validity
of the measure. 相似文献
17.
《Journal of homosexuality》2012,59(2):265-273
ABSTRACTResearchers have often considered the impact that online dating has had on gay communities; with some arguing that changes in social behavior may impact the spread of HIV. However, these conclusions are based on the premise that the Internet has fundamentally changed the way gay and bisexual men connect with their communities. Addressing this issue, we searched the PubMed and Web of Science databases for studies examining Internet use and interpersonal connectedness among gay and bisexual men to determine whether those who used the Internet to find sexual partners exhibited different patterns of community connectedness. Though sporadic, findings suggest that Internet use may be associated with lower gay identity, community attachment, and social embeddedness. However, recent reports have suggested that online sex seeking might be associated with greater, not less, interpersonal connectedness. We conclude that additional longitudinal analyses and consistent measurement of gay men’s social behavior are needed to draw more definite conclusions. 相似文献
18.
Wim Groot Henriëtte Maassen van den Brink Bernard van Praag 《Social indicators research》2007,82(2):189-207
There is a small but growing literature on the determinants of social capital. Most of these studies use a measure of trust
to define social capital empirically. In this paper we use three different measures of social capital: the size of the individual’s
social network, the extent of their social safety net and membership of unions or associations. A second contribution to the
literature is that we analyze what social capital contributes to our well-being. Based on this, we calculate the compensating
income variation of social capital. We find differences in social capital when we differentiate according to individual characteristics
such as education, age, place of residence, household composition and health. Household income generally has a statistically
significant effect. We find a significant effect of social capital on␣life␣satisfaction. Consequently, the compensating income
variation of social capital is substantial.
Thanks to Tijl Woortman for his research assistance. 相似文献
19.
This paper examines the question of how social well-being, or quality of life, in Northern Ireland has changed through time
from 1958 to 1998. After reviewing major economic trends and governmental policy affecting the region, we develop an overall
measure of quality of life based on previous research into social well-being in Northern Ireland. We find that the ‘Troubles’
clearly impact the quality of life in Northern Ireland but not necessarily as broadly as one might suspect. The majority of
the sixteen underlying indicators used for creating a measure of social well-being remain largely unaffected by the conflict
and closely track increases in overall United Kingdom Gross Domestic Product. The remaining five measures of social well-being
are significantly impacted by the conflict. The resulting measures of social well-being and some suggested uses for future
research are then presented. 相似文献
20.
An existing measure of food insecurity with hunger in the United States may serve as an effective indicator of quality of
life. State level differences in that measure can reveal important differences in quality of life across places. In this study,
we advocate and demonstrate two simple methods by which analysts can explore state-specific contributions to state-specific
hunger rates. Using existing survey data and the U.S. Department of Agriculture measure of household food insecurity with
hunger, we illustrate how comparing group-specific hunger rates within states and how the demographic method of standardization
can both be used to assess how a state’s population and local characteristics influence hunger rates and other quality of
life indicators associated with hunger. 相似文献