人与环境匹配:一个基于员工-组织复合型视角的模型

人与环境匹配(P-E fit)的纷繁概念和理论导致匹配的评价颇为模糊,这也给理论研究和管理实践造成了困扰。整理述评了P-E fit的不同概念定义和操作定义,从员工视角和组织视角分析整理了P-E fit各种理论,提出了十个相关命题,构建了一个基于员工-组织复合型视角的P-E fit综合评价模型。此模型不仅可有效测量P-E fit,而且是一个可操作性强的人力资源管理实践模型。     

论人与组织匹配的内涵、类型与改进

理清了人与组织匹配的概念内涵,包括个人与组织的价值观和目标一致、组织工作要求与个人能力匹配,以及个人需求与组织供给匹配;讨论了人与组织匹配的必要和充分条件,并演绎出8种匹配结果类型;结合互惠理论,将较好的4种匹配发展为人与组织匹配的四方格图,并探讨了3种不完全的匹配向完全匹配改进的途径.研究的结论不仅是对人与组织匹配理论重要的补充,而且对于组织管理实践和个人职业生涯发展具有较强的现实指导意义.     

组织和谐管理:基于人与环境匹配复合型视角

运用和谐管理理论和人与环境匹配研究的理论和方法,对组织和谐管理作出了概念定义和操作定义;评价了组织和谐管理的2个实践性操作模型;分析了组织和谐管理面临的理论挑战;基于人与环境匹配的员工-组织复合型视角全面审视了组织和谐管理研究,提出了理论假设,并在此基础上构建了组织和谐管理的实践性操作模型和量化实证研究的概念模型,为组织和谐管理的实践提供了可操作化的指导,为量化的实证研究提供了思路并奠定了理论基础,同时也在中国情境中对人与环境匹配理论进行了解析.     

个人-组织匹配、工作满意度与员工离职意向关系的实证研究

从个人-组织匹配的理论视角出发,用实证方法研究企业的个人-组织匹配与工作满意度之间的关系,以及它们对员工离职意向的影响.研究结果表明,个人-组织匹配对工作满意度起到显著正向影响;个人-组织匹配对员工离职意向起到显著负向影响;工作满意度对员工离职意向起到显著负向影响;工作满意度中的2个维度--工作压力满意度和管理因素满意度在个人-组织匹配对离职意向的影响中起中介作用.     

个人—环境匹配理论研究的进展与启示

个人与环境匹配,是人力资源管理研究不断推进的重要理论取向。笔者梳理和总结了个人—环境匹配理论的源起、概念内涵以及国内外研究进展,介绍了相应的测量工具及方法,提出了未来的研究方向及对管理工作的启示。     

个体与组织匹配视角下的商业模式创新路径分析——基于计划行为理论的解释框架

个体和组织因素都会对商业模式创新产生影响,然而现有研究多是从单因素视角展开,未阐明二者之间的匹配关系是如何影响商业模式创新的。因此,本文以个体与组织匹配为研究视角,基于计划行为理论,运用结构方程模型和定性比较分析的方法,在217份有效问卷的基础上,探讨了个体因素中的立法型思维风格、资源拼凑和双环学习与组织因素中的创新文化对商业模式创新的直接作用和匹配作用,并阐明作用机理。研究结果表明：(1)立法型思维风格、资源拼凑和双环学习对商业模式创新的直接影响达到了显著性水平,而创新文化对商业模式创新的直接影响未达到显著性水平;(2)匹配作用形成了自发生成型和理性创设型两种组态;(3)双环学习和创新文化是核心要素并同时存在于两种组态中,资源拼凑和立法型思维风格是边缘要素并存在一定的替代关系。研究结果为促进商业模式创新提供了借鉴。     

传统企业如何通过内部创业实现数字化转型?——基于资源匹配的战略演化视角

传统企业实施数字化转型会遇到组织惯性、需求冲突等挑战,实践中有企业通过内部创业化解了上述挑战,成功实现了数字化转型,然而现有文献对该现象却缺少足够的解释.本文基于资源匹配的战略演化视角,采用案例研究方法剖析了两家传统服务型企业的数字化转型过程,并探究了背后的机理.具体而言,本文主要做出了以下三方面贡献:首先,本文归纳出一条新的战略演化路径,即从内部创业,到组织内的数字化创新,再到跨组织的外部协同;其次,本文发现内部创业能够通过结构区分和权力分配克服组织惯性,从而促进对组织资源的快速更新以及对数字化创新的探索;最后,本文还将组织和环境的关系细化为资源更新方向以及幅度和环境的不匹配,并探讨了促进二者匹配的关键行为,丰富了资源匹配的相关研究.     

多人从经验中学习模型研究：基于信息和分析方法之间的匹配性视角

多人从经验中学习时,信息和分析方法之间的匹配性会影响学习效率。本文提出了信息和分析方法之间的第一匹配性和第二匹配性的概念,认为多人从经验中学习时,多人使用的分析方法需要在学习目标下与多人掌握的信息相匹配,即满足第一匹配性和第二匹配性。本文构建了基于信息和分析方法之间的匹配性视角的多人从经验中学习过程机制模型,认为在可用的资源的制约下,多人通过动态切换使用基于分析方法寻找信息和基于信息寻找分析方法这两种方式,来提高信息和分析方法之间的第一匹配性和第二匹配性,以达到学习目标的具体要求,从而提升学习效率。本文还列举了一些实践工具,例如德尔斐法和列名群体法。本文关注了多人提高信息和分析方法的匹配性从而提升学习效率的过程,并提出了理论依据和实践建议。     

工作-家庭匹配与平衡研究:基于个人-环境匹配的视角

工作和家庭是人们生活中的两个重要领域,当今社会高速发展使得这两个领域的平衡愈显重要。本文基于个人-环境匹配理论,在中国文化背景下,提出了三维度的工作家庭匹配对工作家庭平衡的影响模型。该模型关注个体、组织、工作和家庭变量的相互作用结果对工作家庭平衡的影响,而不是各个变量的单独作用。结果证明匹配的三个维度与WFC及FWC负相关,与WFF正相关。最后提出了如何平衡员工工作和家庭的人力资源管理实践建议,从而提高员工生活质量及组织绩效。     

员工与组织匹配对员工影响的研究综述

本文通过大量的文献回顾,根据个人-组织匹配方式的不同,从不同角度分析了个人-组织匹配对员工产生的各种影响;最后本文针对研究存在的问题与不足提出了思考,对未来个人—组织匹配研究领域的发展进行了展望。     

Antecedents of Job Satisfaction,Organizational Commitment and Stress in a Public Hospital: a P-E Fit Perspective

This article tests different P-E (person-environment) fit dimensions in order to assess their impact on three work outcomes: job satisfaction; organizational commitment; and stress perception. Findings shows that P-E fit dimensions have differentiated effects on its dependent variables. This study contributes to several important academic discussions. The first concerns the model tested, which contains several P-E fit dimensions. The second scientific contribution is to consider P-E fit dimensions as antecedents of three job outcomes. The third contribution concerns the development and testing of a new P-E fit dimension called “person-reforms” fit.     

组织学习对员工—组织匹配的影响——知识惯性调节作用的实证研究

本文实证研究组织学习对员工—组织匹配的影响及知识惯性的调节作用。研究发现学习承诺、分享愿景和开放心智对一致性匹配和互补性匹配具有显著正向影响;经验惯性和学习惯性在学习承诺、分享愿景和开放心智对一致性匹配的影响有负向调节作用。     

Fit,Flexibility and Performance in Manufacturing: Coping with Dynamic Environments

This research develops the notion of environmental fit and flexibility and illustrates the importance of such fit empirically using survey data from 101 manufacturing firms. Two dimensions of environmental dynamism are identified and the fit between them and different approaches to flexibility are assessed. Hierarchical regressions provide evidence that flexibility is a stronger predictor of performance in more dynamic environments. Specifically, presence of the unpredictability or the volatility aspects of environmental dynamism each warrant the use of different types of manufacturing flexibility strategies. Statistical results are interpreted with the caveat that while implemented capability must be used to study performance effects, this study uses perceived importance scales for flexibility.     

个人-组织匹配在外资医药企业员工离职倾向决定中的调节效应研究

本文采用我国外资医药企业员工样本,运用层级回归方法对员工离职倾向的主要结构化变量和环境变量的解释能力进行了检验,在此基础上提出并检验了个人-组织匹配度对员工离职倾向的解释能力,进而验证了个人-组织匹配度在员工离职倾向决定过程中的调节效应.     

A Person-Environment Fit Model for Virtual Organizations

While the increasing sophistication of information technology has led to the spread of virtual organizations, there has been very little research on what factors contribute to individuals’ effectiveness in such organizations. This paper argues that organizations possess different degrees of virtuality based on four dimensions of temporal, spatial, cultural, and organizational dispersion. Using a person-environment fit framework, a theoretical model that identifies individual qualities required to fit into virtual organizations, virtual teams, and virtual jobs is developed, taking into account dimensions and degrees of virtuality. Mechanisms for enhancing fit in virtual organizations as well as theoretical and practical implications of the model are addressed.     

Complementary person-supervisor fit: An investigation of supplies-values (S-V) fit,leader-member exchange (LMX) and work outcomes

By applying the supplies-values (S-V) fit approach from the complementary person-environment (P-E) fit literature to the leader-employee perspective, and drawing upon social exchange theory, we examine how fulfillment of different work values is related to Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and work outcomes. First, polynomial regression analyses combined with response surface analysis of data collected at two time points (N = 316) showed that LMX (Time 2) was higher the more the leader fulfills the employee's work values (Time 1). Second, LMX (Time 2) was higher when leader supplies (Time 1) and employee work values (Time 1) were both high than when both were low. Third, analyses of data from a sub-sample of matched leader-employee dyads (N = 140), showed that LMX (Time 2) played a mediating role on the relation between S-V fit (Time 1) and work outcomes (Time 2). Specifically, we found eight out of 10 relationships between S-V fit (Time 1) and leader-rated task performance and OCB (Time 2) to be fully mediated by LMX (Time 2). LMX (Time 2) partially mediated the relation between S-V fit (Time 1) and job satisfaction (Time 2) as only two out of five relationships were fully mediated.     

Using Animated Probability Plots to Explore the Suitability of Mixture Models with Two Component Distributions

Risk assessors often use different probability plots as a way to assess the fit of a particular distribution or model by comparing the plotted points to a straight line and to obtain estimates of the parameters in parametric distributions or models. When empirical data do not fall in a sufficiently straight line on a probability plot, and when no other single parametric distribution provides an acceptable (graphical) fit to the data, the risk assessor may consider a mixture model with two component distributions. Animated probability plots are a way to visualize the possible behaviors of mixture models with two component distributions. When no single parametric distribution provides an adequate fit to an empirical dataset, animated probability plots can help an analyst pick some plausible mixture models for the data based on their qualitative fit. After using animations during exploratory data analysis, the analyst must then use other statistical tools, including but not limited to: Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) to find the optimal parameters, Goodness of Fit (GoF) tests, and a variety of diagnostic plots to check the adequacy of the fit. Using a specific example with two LogNormal components, we illustrate the use of animated probability plots as a tool for exploring the suitability of a mixture model with two component distributions. Animations work well with other types of probability plots, and they may be extended to analyze mixture models with three or more component distributions.     

An examination of the strategic and operational impact of global sourcing on UK small firms

This paper presents three in-depth case studies of UK small manufacturers from the electronics manufacturing industry with global supply chains. There is no overlap in products, suppliers or customers and over time, each has developed a distinct and different strategy for managing an extended supply chain. The outcomes and experiences though are not markedly different. The operational challenges they encounter around quality and delivery, as well as the strategic dimensions of information asymmetry and capability fit are discussed. The study identifies the financial risks the firms are exposed to, the constraints to innovation and the wider strategic implications for long-term business performance.