中国2000年人口普查的几个问题研究

本文首先指出,中国２０００年的人口普查,是中国人口普查所而临的首次世纪之交的人口普查,因此,是一次具有重要时代意义的人口普查。论文着重对人口普查资料的应用与发展,人口普查资料的发布,以及人口普查资料发布的规范与管理问题,进行了深入讨论。指出,人口普查资料的发布,应包括重要国情指标的发布,并强调国情指标的发布,应由国家统计局纳入统一规范与管理。     

Predictors of Quality of Life in Economically Disadvantaged Populations in Montreal

Most epidemiological studies agree that economically disadvantaged populations are the groups most vulnerable to mental health problems and report lower quality of life among these populations. However, it appears that access to social support plays a role in protecting against the chronic stress resulting from conditions such as poverty. This study is an attempt to clarify the relative contribution of social support to the quality of life of economically disadvantaged populations in two low-income neighbourhoods of Montreal. A random sample of 417 social assistance recipients were interviewed in the respondents?? homes. The Quality of Life scale used was the Satisfaction with Life Domains Scale. The availability of social support components was assessed using the Social Provisions Scale. Social support measures were entered into a multidimensional model that included a number of variables identified as having a relationship to mental health. Among the 17 variables included in a multiple regression analysis, emotional support and support providing reassurance of worth accounted for most of the variance in the QOL predicted by the model. Psychological distress also accounted for a fair amount of variance in QOL and younger people and people experiencing food insecurity showed a lower QOL.     

Differentiation of voivodeships in terms of the number of children in the household

The author attempts to answer the question, "Are the numbers of households [in Poland] with specific numbers of supported children (structures) in the total number of households similar or dissimilar in all voivodeships, and where [are these] identical (similar) or dramatically different?" Results indicate that "the most differentiated voivodeships, in terms of the number of children below 24 years of age supported by households, were voivodeships of north-eastern and south-eastern Poland. In the case of male heads of households the number of voivodeships making up areas of the highest differentiation regarding the number of children below 24 years is definitely bigger than for the female heads of households."     

Disparities in levels of regional development in Ghana

The paper highlights the need for the use of indicators other than Gross-Domestic Productive and its derivatives to measure development. It reviews some of the techniques for analysing socio-economic indicators and selects the Wroclow Taxonomic Analysis for more detailed analysis. The main attributes of this technique are presented and the model is then applied to measure the levels of development of the regions in Ghana. Applying the Wroclow Taxonomic Technique to 10 socio-economic variables the paper finds that the Greater Accra Region, which is the seat of the Central Government, is far more developed than any other region. It categorizes the regions into four groups: More Developed Region, Developed Regions, Developing Regions and Less Developed Regions. It thus provides a basis for regional development in Ghana as well as a pattern for equitable distribution of the ten social amenities on a regional basis.     

"非典"期间全国农村地区跨省流入人口调查数据分析

在2003年抗击非典的关键时期,国家人口和计划生育委员会进行了全国农村地区跨省流入人口的调查.本文着重分析这项调查所获得的数据,并对数据的一致性做出说明.既揭示了我国农村流动人口的基本特征和非典时期农村人口流动的规模和流向特点,又反映了非典对这一时期全国人口的流动所产生的影响,同时展示了我国抗击非典工作在农村地区所取得的成绩.     

Problem of weights in the analysis of demographic phenomena in territorial arrangement

The author attempts to eliminate the influence of the size of a territorial unit on the results of demographic analysis, using data for Poland as an illustration. She concludes that "the inclusion of weights in statistical analysis allows us to eliminate the impact of the sizes of studied units on the values of counted parameters as well as on the measures of correlation and regression. The existence of a close connection between the results obtained and the sizes of the studied groups within the same population should be always taken into account."     

甘肃省农民工创业群体特征分析

本文采用多阶段分层抽样法,共选取和采集了718名农民工的人口学资料、外出务工情况、创业及培训信息。通过卡方检验、Spearman相关分析、Logistic回归等方法,探讨甘肃省农民工群体的创业特征,以期为创业政策提供导向性信息及建议,促进农民工群体创业意向的形成和实现。分析结果显示甘肃农民工群体的受教育程度偏低,初中及以下文化程度的农民工仅占到调查群体的77.6%;被调查者中64.3%从来没有接受过任何形式的培训;Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、务工创业技术掌握与否、创业政策知晓与否、创业信息获取便利与否以及外出务工次数对甘肃农民工的创业意愿具有较大的影响。     

西部地区出生缺陷干预的实践

本文介绍了甘肃省开展“出生缺陷干预工程”的基本情况,总结了取得的经验。     

Role of Social Relationship in Predicting Health in China

Social Indicators Research - There is increasing acknowledgement of social relationship as an important determinant of health. However, most evidence comes from developed countries, and the...     

我国流动人口的流入地分布变动趋势研究

利用1982年以来的历次全国人口普查和1%人口抽样调查的数据,本文从区域、省份、城市等层面分析了流动人口流入地分布的变动趋势。流动人口的流入地分布呈现明显的集中趋势。从区域层面来说,流动人口越来越向东部地区集中,越来越向东部和南部沿海地区集中;从省级层面来说,流动人口越来越集中流向少数省份,前5个流动人口最多的省(市、区)吸纳了全国一半的流动人口;从城市层面来说,流动人口越来越集中流向少数城市,表现出突出的极化现象;进入新世纪以来,我国正在形成一个由35个左右城市构成的沿海城市带,它们吸收了全国半数以上的流动人口。流动人口流入地分布的这种集中趋势将会继续保持下去,此乃制定与流动人口相关政策和制度的基本出发点和前提。     

Ethnic dimensions of gender differentials in mortality in Malaysia

Higher mortality rates among males are a common occurrence across different cultures and countries. The causes of this higher mortality can be biological as well as behavioural in nature. The biological evidence applies across all nations and communities, but the behavioural causes, arising from the decision processes and communication strategies of individuals, will necessarily have cultural and environmental dimensions that change with time. This study examines gender disparities in mortality across ethnicity and time in Malaysia. The study shows that there is a consistent gender differential across time but it has widened for the Malays and the Indians and narrowed for the Chinese. Most importantly, it has widened considerably for young adults. Analysis of the leading causes of death show that young adult males are more likely to engage in risk-taking behaviour, and that the related causes and the extent of such causes vary across the ethnic groups.     

The Perceived Role of ICTs in Quality of Life in Three Chinese Cities

This study assesses the perceived role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) including the Internet, mobile telephone, CD/MD/MP3, television and VCR/VCD/DVD in raising quality of life (QoL). A comparison is made between three Chinese cities, namely, Beijing, Taipei and Hong Kong, to see if differences exist in the perceived value of various forms of ICTs in the three cities, which share Chinese culture but different levels of development. Household interviews with probability samples were conducted in the three cities in 2002–2003. The findings show that the Internet and mobile phone are considered as the most and second most important medium respectively in raising quality of life in all three cities, while television ranks third and other ICTs trail behind. Based on the findings, the authors advance four propositions for the perceived role of ICTs in QoL. First, there are four basic needs related to ICT’s role in QoL. These “ICT-QoL” needs are the need for interaction, need for being in touch, need for instantaneous communication, and need for entertainment. Second, people’s assessment of an ICT’s value in raising their QoL varies with the penetration rate of that ICT—the higher the penetration, the more positive is the assessment of that ICT’s role in QoL. Third, the perceived value of an ICT in QoL declines with time—the longer the ICT has been around after reaching full penetration rate, the lower the value is attached to its contribution to QoL. Finally, education has strong influences on the assessment of the Internet’s role in QoL. Highly educated people tend to value the Internet most as a QoL raiser irrespective of the city they reside in. As a QoL raiser, the Internet is favored more by highly educated while mobile and fixed phone are favored more by lowly educated people.     

Quality of Life of Poor People Living in Remote Areas in Hong Kong

Based on three surveys carried out for studying living conditions of youth, women and elderly living in six remote areas (Tuen Mun, Yuen Long, Tin Shui Wai, Sheung Shui, Fan Ling and Tai Po) in the New Territories of Hong Kong, this paper reports the poverty and social exclusion of these three groups of people. The quality of life of youth, women and elderly is adversely affected by limited job opportunities, high cost of travel for employment, and poor neighbourhoods in the community. However, perceptions of reasons for their problems are different for the three groups, due to differences in bonding and bridging social capital they have, as well as the differences in perceptions on social exclusion and discrimination directed upon them.     

新时期中国妇女生育水平与社会地位的发展与变化

国家计生委“计划生育家庭发展与变化”课题组在全国五省“五省一市”对6300多户、2.3万余人进行的选点问卷调查结果充分表明,实行计划生育,有效地降低妇女的生育水平,有利于推进我国妇女婚育行为的积极变化,有利于改善妇女和儿童的健康和教育状况,提高妇女的社会地位。     

中国公民社会组织在生殖健康领域的作用

20世纪80年代后，中国公民社会组织在环保、扶贫、妇女发展、艾滋病防治等领域迅速发展，发挥了积极作用。 随着1994年开罗国际人发大会和1995年北京第四届世界妇女大会的召开，从20世纪90年代初开始，从事与生殖健康相关领域的公民社会组织（简称RH—CSO）不断发展壮大。     

The demographic impact of Partition in the Punjab in 1947

We use data from the 1931, 1941, and 1951 censuses of India and the 1951 census of Pakistan to examine the demographic consequences of Partition in the Punjab in 1947. Had growth rates for the period 1931–41 for the Punjab as a whole continued to 1951, the population of the Punjab would have been 2.9 million larger than that recorded in 1951. Population losses from migration and mortality above age 20 were approximately 2.7 million greater between 1941 and 1951 than would have been predicted by loss rates between 1931 and 1941. We estimate a net Partition-related population movement out of the combined Punjab of about 400,000. We conclude from several lines of analysis that Partition-related population losses in the Punjab, either from deaths or unrecorded migration, were in the range 2.3–3.2 million. Partition was also marked by a dramatic religious homogenization at the district level.     

Determinants of Regional Variations in Infant Mortality in Rural India

An analytical framework is specified for understanding the determinants of infant mortality. It distinguishes between factors at three levels – village, household and individual – and arranges them in ascending order with respect to their proximity to infant mortality. Village and household-level factors are assumed to influence infant mortality indirectly by influencing at least one of the six individual-level factors. The present analysis of the data aggregated at the state level clearly demonstrates the importance of both medical and non-medical factors for explaining the observed regional differences in infant mortality in rural India. The percentage of births attended by trained medical personnel and poverty, are the two important determinants of regional variations in neo-natal mortality; and the village-level availability of medical facilities and the extent of triple vaccination are the two important determinants of post-neo-natal mortality. The influence of adult women's literacy on infant mortality is explained by better medical care at birth, and preventive and curative medical care during the post-neo-natal period. Medical factors have been shown to be slightly more important than non-medical factors. This suggests that it might be possible to reduce the high level of infant mortality currently prevalent in many states in India by simple preventive medical interventions.     

中国职业流动中的社会不平等问题研究

文章从代际职业流动和代内职业流动角度,分析先赋因素(如家庭背景、户籍制度、所有制等)对职业流动的影响,从而折射出职业流动中的一些不平等。通过对数据的分析发现,尽管改革开放以来,市场因素对就业分配的配置作用越来越大,但是对职业的合理流动的制度性限制以及结构性限制依然存在,从而产生社会不平等问题。基于这样的研究,文章在政策层面提出了首先要改变职业流动过程中的制度性不平等问题,才能缩小社会不平等(包括收入差距),而职业流动起点上的不平等要通过加强对弱势群体的教育援助和社会保障来解决。     

大都市都心地区人口减少与高龄化的考察--以上海市静安区为例

大都市的人口变动有自身的规律,大都市核心部--都心地区的人口变动也有其自己的特点.文章主要以上海市静安区为例,考察了我国改革开放以来大都市都心地区的人口增长和年龄结构变动趋势及其特征,指出人口减少和高龄化彼此影响、互动发展是大都市都心地区人口变动的重要特征;分析了出生-少子化、死亡-长寿化、迁移-郊区化三大变动对大都市都心地区人口减少和高龄化的影响.