基于EMD和SVMs的原油价格预测方法

针对原油价格预测问题,提出一种基于EMD(经验模式分解)和SVMs(支持向量机)的非线性组合预测方法.该方法运用EMD技术将原油价格序列分解成若干个不同频率的分量,根据频率高低将各分量分组叠加得到3个新序列,分别代表市场波动价格、重大事件价格、趋势价格;针对此3个序列,构建不同SVMs模型分别进行预测,得到各序列预测值;用SVMs针对各序列预测值构建组合模型得到最终预测值.采用WTI和Brent原油现货价格数据验证本方法的有效性,结果表明,此方法与单一的SVMs模型和人工神经网络模型相比,具有较高的预测精度.     

基于特征融合的生鲜商品短期销量组合预测

生鲜产品由于保质期短、易腐易损等特点,对短期销量预测的准确度和可靠性要求极高.为此,本文综合时间、定价、竞价、新鲜度等多种微观层面因素,开展了特征工程分析,并在此基础上提出了生鲜商品销量的ARIMA-NARX组合预测模型.该组合模型首先利用ARIMA模型描述销量时间序列中的线性规律,然后借助衍生降维处理后的特征矩阵,采用NARX捕捉ARIMA残差中的非线性关系,并利用NARX残差预测结果修正ARIMA预测值.最后,将该组合模型的预测结果与ARIMA、NARX、ARIMA-NAR、SVM及回归决策树等模型预测结果及真实观测值进行对比分析,通过MSE/MAPE预测误差评价和DM检验,验证了该组合预测模型的预测能力合理性和有效性,并能较大幅度提高生鲜产品短期销量的预测精度.     

基于Kullback-Leibler信息量的最优ARMA模型组选择与组合预测研究

ARMA模型在管理科学领域有着广泛的应用,组合预测可以提高ARMA模型的预测效果,但是如何选择最优模型组是十分重要但尚未解决的问题。本文提出了一个基于Kullback-Leibler信息量(简称K-L信息量)的最优模型组选择方法确定那些与最优模型无显著差异的模型形成最优模型组。最后,本文通过模拟数据比较了基于最优模型组的组合预测与根据AIC准则确定的单个最优模型的预测效果,组合预测效果要优于单模型预测。     

短期电价预测的组合混沌方法

电力市场中,电价的变化呈现的是一种非线性的、动态开放的过程,传统的方法已很难提高其预测精度。为此,本文提出一种基于小波变换、计量经济学模型和径向基函数网络的组合混沌预测方法。首先利用小波变换将原电价序列分解、重构成概貌序列和细节序列;在此基础上,针对不同的子序列建立不同的模型,并进行预测;最后将所有子序列的预测结果求和,作为最终的预测值。对西班牙电力市场短期电价的预测表明,该方法具有很高的预测精度。     

基于遗传算法优化的GM（1，1）能源预测模型研究

能源消费预测是制订能源规划的重要组成部分.鉴于能源消费系统的复杂性和非线性的特征,本文结合某省能源消费的历史数据,用灰色系统理论建立了GM(1,1)预测模型,并对其优缺点进行了分析,在此基础上引入遗传算法,对该灰色预测模型参数进行优化,从而获得更为精确的能源预测模型和预测值.实例的预测结果表明,该模型可以作为能源消费预测的有效工具.     

安全事故现状与趋势分析方法研究

包括安全生产事故预防、控制在内的安全生产监督管理工作需要客观把握安全生产的现状并准确地判断其总体发展趋势。本文基于我国安全生产事故快报数据,对近年安全生产现状做出季节性等分析,并为短期安全生产形势变化的预测与判断不仅提出了三个可行的ARIMA-BP、ARIMA-RBF以及ARIMA-GRNN非线性组合模型而且进一步基于RBF,对前述三个模型再次进行非线性组合,给出了一种新的双重非线性组合趋势分析方法。实证结果表明,双重非线性组合能够较为精确地预测安全生产事故的发展趋势,可以为安全生产事故的预防、控制和应对提供管理和决策支持。     

季节性数据特征驱动的电子废弃物回收规模分解集成预测建模研究

电子废弃物回收规模预测是政府制定循环经济发展规划和有关补贴政策、企业进行资源回收价值评估和产能优化的基础。本文考虑电子废弃物回收规模季度数据的季节性数据特征可能导致传统单模型预测误差偏大、预测结果不稳定等问题，基于“分解-集成”的思想提出了季节性数据特征驱动的电子废弃物回收规模预测CH-X12/STL-X框架。首先，基于Canova-Hansen(CH)检验对电子废弃物回收规模时间序列的季节性数据特征进行识别，继而对适于进行季节性分解的时间序列采用X12乘法模型或时间序列季节性分解(Seasonal-trend Decomposition Procedure Based on Loess，STL)模型实现季节性分量提取。然后，采用Holt-Winters模型对获得的季节性分量进行预测，并以支持向量回归模型(Support Vector Regression，SVR)预测分解获得的其他分量。最后，通过对各个分量预测结果的线性求和以得到最终的预测结果。实证结果表明，提出CH-X12/STL-X预测框架能够较好地满足不同季节性数据特征驱动的时间序列预测建模需求，且较传统单模型(Holt-Winters模型、季节性差分自回归滑动平均模型、SVR模型)在预测性能上表现良好且稳定。     

基于GM-ARMA模型的中国粮食产量预测

鉴于粮食生产系统的复杂性和信息不完全性,本文针对我国粮食产量时间序列特征,结合灰色预测模型和ARMA模型的优点,建立了GM-ARMA预测模型。预测结果表明该模型较好地反映出粮食生产系统的动态变化特征,模型的预测精度高于单一的灰色预测模型。     

基于ARIMA模型对上证指数的实证分析

运用时间序列分析方法,通过收集上证指数的历史数据,对数据进行平稳性检验,白噪声检验,建立ARIMA(p,d,q)模型,估计出模型的参数,并对上证指数的走势作了预测和拟合,预测结果比较理想,预测值接近真实值.对上证指数的短期预测有较好效果.     

基于模糊信息分配理论的短期股价涨跌模式识别

基于分形市场假说的股价并不完全反映所有信息的观点,认为历史股价信息是不完备的群体型模糊信息,提出了线性信息分配条件下的信息守恒定理,建立了基于模糊信息分配理论的短期股价涨跌预测的模糊模式识别模型,通过对上证综合指数日线数据的短期预测,表明该模型具有能够动态捕捉股价短期分布特征、有效描述股价序列内蕴的短期非线性因果关系,进而具有较高的股价涨跌识别精度,并提出了金融市场收益率可能性分布的概念.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

UNIX系统性能监控简述及shell系统资源统计程序

本文简要阐述了unix系统中(主要以IBM的AIX为例)进行系统性能管理的几种命令行工具,并通过编写shell实例程序,运用其中提到的工具实现系统资源利用率的统计程序,为做好unix系统管理和调优提供参考.