服务供应链战略互动与协同价值对合法性的影响

基于能力观和制度合法性等理论,运用实证研究的方法验证服务供应链中服务集成商与客户企业之间的战略互动关系以及集成服务和产品服务价值实现对伙伴关系合法性的作用.基于资源依赖理论和服务供应链理论阐述服务集成商与客户企业的战略互动、协同价值实现和伙伴关系合法性,并在此基础上提出三者之间的关系,即战略互动对伙伴关系合法性的影响以及协同价值实现的不同表现,特别是集成服务对以上路径的中介作用.研究结果表明,服务集成商与客户企业之间的战略互动是影响服务供应链上下游企业产生伙伴关系合法性的显著因素,尤其是服务集成商的集成服务价值实现是伙伴关系合法性形成的关键中介变量,而产品服务的价值实现并不能推动服务集成商与客户企业之间的关系合法性.     

数字化驱动下智慧医疗服务平台价值共创的演化过程——基于服务生态系统和知识整合视角的案例研究

利用数字化技术共创价值,迈向智慧医疗已然成为当今医疗服务企业突破发展困境的有效途径。然而,现有研究对智慧医疗服务情境中价值共创的演化过程及内在机制尚未充分揭示。通过对广东航宇的案例分析,基于服务生态系统和知识整合视角,探讨了智慧医疗服务平台价值共创的演化过程及机制。研究发现,数字化驱动知识整合实现价值共创的演化过程经历三个时期：探索时期,捕获发现机制触发知识认知形成参与者契合,达成价值共识;联动时期,联动信任机制诱发知识传递形成缔结联合,达成价值共享;进阶时期,网络合作机制激发知识融合形成价值网络耦合和价值网络融合,达成价值共生和价值共赢。数字化赋权、数字化赋能和数字化使能在不同时期的价值共创中起着重要驱动作用。研究为医疗服务企业整合优质医疗资源,助力分级诊疗,探索服务创新模式及满足日益增长的医疗服务市场需求提供了借鉴。     

考虑质量成本的物流服务供应链纵向整合策略研究

本文聚焦于物流服务供应链中的纵向整合问题,考虑由一个物流服务集成商和两个物流服务提供商构成的供应链系统,基于物流服务质量成本分别构建纵向分散和纵向整合模式下的质量博弈模型,探讨纵向整合策略对物流服务供应链运作效率的影响,分析纵向整合策略存在的市场条件。研究表明,竞争强度是影响企业决策和策略选择的关键因素;纵向整合会对接受整合的物流服务提供商产生“协同效应”,而对未被整合的物流服务提供商产生“外部效应”;当且仅当竞争强度较大时,物流服务集成商和物流服务提供商会同时选择纵向整合,既有利于提升整体物流服务质量水平,又能降低物流服务质量实现成本。     

基于供应链网络的商业模式创新研究

商业模式研究已经成为当前研究的热点.在已有成果的基础上,本研究引入模块化与供应链网络理论,构建了商业模式创新的环境模型,分析了商业模式创新的源动力与路径,以期为商业模式创新提供指导.     

基于前景理论的LSSC服务质量管控策略的演化博弈分析

物流服务的完成质量依赖于物流服务供应链（LSSC）中集成商（LSI）与提供商（FLSP）的共同努力。本文基于决策者有限理性的假设，将前景理论与演化博弈相结合，分析物流服务供应链中服务质量管控活动，讨论提供商服务策略与集成商管控策略的博弈过程，通过仿真揭示损失规避系数、感知价值的敏感系数、竞争替代效应、责任分担比率对演化结果的影响。本文的创新与特色在于：一是借助前景理论中的价值函数与决策权重函数修正传统演化博弈中的支付矩阵，扩展了物流服务供应链中关于博弈者风险态度、损益感知价值等心理因素的讨论。二是通过考虑集成商间的竞争替代效应，丰富了现有文献中对集成商监管策略影响因素的探讨。研究结果表明：提升提供商对违约成本的感知价值、发挥集成商间的竞争替代效应是系统达到最优均衡点的有效途径；增强提供商与集成商对违约后果的认知程度、提高双方的风险意识能有效抑制服务违约行为；各核心要素对系统演化的影响方式不同，通过模型与仿真结果可解释由责任分担不当诱发的LSSC服务质量管控不利的问题。     

去中心化电商的价值共创演化动因和过程模型——基于梦饷集团的纵向案例研究

去中心化电商是平台企业的一种商业模式创新和价值共创实践.研究去中心化电商的价值共创实现过程,对我国电子商务的发展具有重要指导意义,但现有研究对去中心化电商价值共创模式的演化过程缺乏充分的理论解释.本文基于对梦饷集团的纵向案例分析,深入研究去中心化电商价值共创的演化动因和过程,识别出价值共创的5个重要演化动因:核心业务打造、社群渠道构建、情感网络建立、利益相关者赋能和可持续生态布局.研究发现,去中心化电商价值共创的演化过程包括5种模式:二元共创模式、枢纽分支模式、网络分支模式、多边协同和多边共生模式.本文由此提出去中心化电商价值共创的演化过程模型,揭开了平台企业价值共创模式演化的黑箱,阐明了不同价值共创模式的适用场景.该过程模型的提出,进一步丰富了平台企业价值共创的相关理论,为去中心化电商的发展提供了有益借鉴.     

二级物流服务供应链定价及其效率研究

研究了需求不确定条件下,基于利润最大化原则的二级物流服务供应链的定价及效率问题。基于物流服务供应链中集成商市场和供应商市场的四种不同市场组合,建立了以集成商为主导的集成商与供应商之间的Stackelberg博弈模型,求得集成商的最优定价和最优订购量,比较了不同集成商和供应商市场组合下的物流服务供应链的效率高低情况。最后,进行了数值计算,得出集成商的最优定价和最优订购量,验证了不同市场组合下的物流服务供应链效率高低情况。结果表明:集成商的最优定价和最优订购量同时受集成商和供应商所处的市场环境影响;集成商市场寡头垄断、供应商市场完全竞争的情形下物流服务供应链效率最高,集成商市场垄断、供应商市场寡头垄断的情形下物流服务供应链效率最低。     

中国钢铁企业商业模式绿色转型探析

本文提出我国钢铁企业要撤底摆脱高耗能、高污染、非生态的"阵痛",实现可持续发展,就需要探索由传统的商业模式逐步向为顾客提供价值和增值服务为主的多种商业模式转变,通过从传统制造向服务制造转型、上下游产业链整合以及环境经营等方向进行创新,或可成为国内钢铁企业未来商业模式的重要发展方向。     

供应链金融商业模式、场景创新与风险规避——基于“橙分期”的案例研究北大核心CSSCI

供应链金融商业模式通过场景创新实现价值创造。在供应链金融中,商业模式创新的关键是解决好信用传递和风险问题。本文旨在探索供应链金融模式创新的动因、路径、作用机理以及风险规避措施。首先,商业模式创新的核心是由场景创新驱动的商业运作模式创新;同时,场景创新过程中可能引发信用传递风险。本文借助“橙分期”的案例分析,提出供应链金融场景创新型商业模式,探讨这种供应链金融模式的作用机理及信用传递机制创新机理与风险规避手段。力图给供应链金融行业以更多“场景创新”理念上的启示,从而更好地推进供应链实体经济与供应链金融健康发展。     

考虑服务流的产品服务供应链网络均衡模型

产品服务供应链在向客户制造高质量产品的同时，也提供了产品全生命周期的专业服务，服务的嵌入增加了供应链协调的复杂性。考虑产品服务的双重需求，在分析各主体的运作行为的基础上，构建了包括多个制造商和多个销售商的多主体供应链网络；运用变分不等式刻画了制造商层、销售服务集成商层和需求市场的最优运作行为及其达成均衡的条件；最后，通过修正投影算法对数值算例进行了仿真。研究结果表明：产品服务供应链网络中的产品与服务均衡流相互影响，其中，服务水平直接影响到了产品需求；降低产品的售价将有利于服务价格和效益的提升。研究结论进一步印证了在产品服务供应链网络中承载于产品的服务将逐渐成为价值创造的主体。     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

Employees' perceptions of organizational restructuring: the role of social support

Organizational change and restructuring is often perceived as leading to increased occupational stress, impacting negatively on the psychological well-being of employees. This pragmatic study investigates the role of social support and dispositional affect as moderators of role stress post-restructuring for employees in a public utility company. A total of 176 employees, including 37 managers, 60 graded staff and 78 industrial staff completed a self-report questionnaire, approximately 1 year postrestructuring, retrospectively assessing role conflict, ambiguity, overload and positive and negative feedback pre- and post-restructuring. Results suggested that overall role stress increased for managers/ senior officers and graded staff, but not for industrial staff. Social support was linked with lower role stress, more positive feedback and less negative feedback at post-restructuring. For certain role stressors this impact was moderated by dispositional affect, but the effect was not consistent across occupational groups. Positive affect enhanced the effect of manager support in reducing role conflict for graded staff, and the effect of co-worker support in increasing positive feedback and reducing negative feedback for industrial staff. Findings suggest that managers should pay particular attention to support and feedback for employees during periods of chronic occupational stress following organizational restructuring.