Who is Who? Die Sozialstruktur der Soziologie-Professorenschaft in Deutschland

Against the background of existing patterns of recruitment within academics the article deals with the socio-structural composition of the professors in the field of sociology. The basis is a full survey of professors at departments of sociology at German universities and a number of selected research institutes. The parameters of interest are the share of female professors, the share of foreign professors, the social background of professors in terms of coming from East or West Germany and the age distribution. In order to capture changes over time, we differentiate the data according to birth cohorts. All in all with the exception of the feminization of the profession we find a great structural stability of the composition of sociology professors, which indicates the ongoing dominance of specific pattern of recruitment. In particular the inclusion of East Germans and the internationalization of the professorial personal have not advanced.     

Who Is Protected?

Many employers have excluded women whose infertility is not medically documented from allegedly hazardous work claiming they feared if the women became pregnant, their fetuses would be harmed. In United Auto Workers v. Johnson Controls, the Supreme Court held in 1991 that so-called "fetal protection policies" are unlawful sex discrimination. After examining four cases challenging exclusionary policies in Britain and the United States, this article unmasks and argues against the assumptions underlying such policies. By returning to well-established sex discrimination doctrine, moving away from a male norm, and reaffirming women's right to both work and have children, the Supreme Court's decision in UAW V. Johnson Controls is an important victory. The decision should help to break down job segregation, prompt the EEOC to act, and clear the way for addressing questions of health and safety rather than equality and difference.     

Foreigners Who Marry in China

Ayoung Frenchman hoped to have his wedding in China because he has loved Chinese culture since he was a child. The Golden Connection Tourist Company of China arranged a wedding in Beijing so that his dream could come true.     

Who cares about the environment?

ABSTRACT

Environmental behavior substantially differs among individuals depending on their environmental attitudes, connectivity to nature beliefs, and socioeconomic profile. People who adopt an eco-friendly lifestyle and those who are unconcerned about environmental protection represent population segments with diverse characteristics. Consequently, this study aims to identify homogeneous groups based on individuals’ environmental behavior. A total of 400 Greek citizens completed a self-report questionnaire. We used behavioral items adopted from previous studies to measure environmental behavior and background variables to assess the socio-demographic profile of the respondents. Additionally, we used the well-established measures of Connectedness to Nature Scale (CNS) and New Ecological Paradigm Scale (NEP) to measure people's relatedness with nature and their ecological beliefs separately. Multivariate Cluster Analysis results indicated that participants can be grouped into two broad segments, named moderate eco-friends and non-environmentalists. Individual differences between the clusters were detected with respect to gender, education, connectedness to nature and ecological worldview.     

Women Who Fought Behind Enemy Lines

DURING the War of Resistance Against Japan, I worked at the rural anti-Japanese revolutionary base behind enemy lines. The Beiyue District where I was working is the center of the Jin-Cha-Ji border region (where Shanxi, Inner Mongolia and     

Who Is Responsible for This?

ABSTRACT

In the context of providing health and human services for older individuals, modern American culture often depends on formally asserting and battling over a clashing array of rights among respective combatants as a first resort at problem-solving. A substantial impediment exists in our cultural environment that discourages families and professionals, and the agencies that employ them, from recognizing and respecting the rights of older persons in a less adversarial and more subtle, sensitive, and flexible manner. This article discusses this barrier, illustrating it in several aging-related settings, and suggests a paradigm for addressing the situation. Then, several current challenges to the rethinking of rights and responsibilities in geriatric and gerontological practice are acknowledged.     

The Woman Politician Who Explores Space

Asunny day in March, 1995. At a panel discussion during the Third Session of the Eighth National People's Congress, a dignified woman deputy was composedly voicing her views about the Education Law that would be passed. This is Ye Shuhua, the renowned astronomer and one of the Ten Outstanding Chinese Women of 1995. Ye Shuhua is 68 years old this year. Her life and career was closely connected with an era of changes and setbacks, but she has achieved remarkable success. Her success shows us the truth in the saying     

Who Participates and Who Benefits From Employer‐Provided Child‐Care Assistance?

Support from employers to help parents balance work and family responsibilities has become an increasingly important issue, particularly in the United States, where public support for families is scarce. Little is known about the effectiveness of employer‐provided child‐care support. Who participates in these programs, and what are their benefits? This study is among the first to address these questions using a dataset that combines administrative with survey data from employees at a large organization. Findings indicate that employer financial support for child care can be structured so that employees with the greatest need benefit and employee participation is not associated with stigma. Results suggest the employer benefits from increased employee commitment and reduced employee stress, but employees do not report increased parent or child satisfaction with care. Although employer financial support alone cannot compensate for structural problems with regard to child care, it may reduce stress and increase employee commitment in the workplace.     

Who Is Looking After the Elderly?

STATSTICS from the All-ChinaCommittee of the Elderly show that,since 1990,the population of thecountry's elderly has grown annually by3.32 perercent.According to experts,it willreach 132 million by the end of thiscentury;that will be 10.5 percent of theChinese population.By that time,Chinawill have become another of the world’s“aged” nations.What kind of conditions arethe elderly in China living in today?Howare their families and society treating them?     

The Woman Who“Manages Weather”

TENG Youlian, a Miao woman and the chief director of the Meteorological Bureau of Mayang County, Hunan, is one of the most reliable people in the area. The local people affectionately refer to Teng as "the woman who manages weather," because she and her meteorological bureau can forecast weather precisely, and predict rainstorms and floods in advance. Several times, they have been able to greatly reduce the losses for Mayang County caused by disastrous floods. Though only a junior high school graduate, and one who had never formally learned meteorology, Teng studied very hard to gain practical knowledge after she transferred to the meteorological bureau in 1969; gradually, she became familiar with the work. In 1981, she became a technician in weather forecasting, and was promoted to assistant engineer in 1988. She worked diligently and carefully; in 1989, she set a record     

Who Determines How Nonprofits Confront Uncertainty?

This study examines the impact of managers, board members, beneficiaries, donors, and government entities on nonprofit strategic decisions. Using data collected from GuideStar, the National Center for Charitable Statistics, and surveys, we provide evidence that strategic decisions of nonprofits are shaped by the ability of the aforementioned stakeholders to diversify their interests. Our findings offer nonprofits another means by which they can understand and therefore manage their strategic decisions. In addition, our framework suggests future applications of stakeholder theory conceive of stakeholder salience as a bidirectional phenomenon.     

Who Wants a Deliberative Public Sphere?1

Democratic theorists and social scientists suggest that a deliberative public sphere would be good for democracy by maximizing emancipatory possibilities and providing broad legitimacy to political decision making. But do ordinary Americans actually want a deliberative public sphere? I examine this question in the context of four contentious “religion and science” debates. Through a multidimensional evaluation exercise with 62 ordinary respondents, I find that evaluation of public representatives in these debates tends to favor open‐mindedness and ongoing debate. Further, respondents explicitly discount elected representatives who participate in public debate precisely because they are seen as violating deliberative norms through their affiliation with electoral politics. Respondents want a deliberative public sphere. However, this desire reflects an understanding of the public sphere and institutional politics as disconnected arenas with incompatible rules and objectives, raising multiple questions for democratic theory and for political sociology.