共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 406 毫秒
1.
Katherine J. Curtis White 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(1):89-115
This study investigates how railroads shaped settlement patterns in the twentieth century US Great Plains using railroad,
population census, and environmental data. The substantive question speaks to recent theoretical and methodological interests
in contextual and ecological issues. Drawing from theories of transportation and development, I use spatially-oriented techniques
to empirically test long-held claims about the relationship of railroads to population development. The Great Plains is a
region where settlement is commonly attributed to railroad expansion. Study results show a complex relationship between county
population growth and the presence of railroads during the period after the railroad heyday and before the widespread adoption
of the automobile, 1900–1930. Counter to the nineteenth century pattern, the association between population change and railroads
is negative. Yet the relationship is conditioned by the stage of county development; in the first decade, railroads are receiving
stations for counties with smaller population density and sending agents for more settled places; the reverse is observed
during the 1920s; and no significant relationship exists during the 1910s. Spatial effects are addressed in the analysis,
and theoretical and statistical implications for scholarship concerning transportation and spatial units of analysis are discussed.
相似文献
Katherine J. Curtis WhiteEmail: |
2.
This study reviewed three philosophical accounts of happiness, and then tested those accounts with the Asiabarometer surveys
conducted in six Confucian societies during the summer of 2006. Statistical analyses of these surveys reveal that East Asians
tend to experience happiness to a greater extent when they experience enjoyment together with achievement and/or satisfaction.
The preponderance of such multi-dimensional conceptions in all those societies poses a direct challenge to a single dimensional
account of happiness in the West. The analyses also reveal that positive assessments of interpersonal relationships matter
more than the amount of knowledge or wealth in living a happy life in Confucian societies.
相似文献
Doh Chull Shin (Corresponding author)Email: |
Takashi InoguchiEmail: |
3.
Black is not always black. Subtle distinctions in skin tone translate into significant differences in outcomes. Data on more
than 15,000 households interviewed during the 1860 US federal census exhibit sharp differences in wealth holdings between
white, mulatto, and black households in the urban South. We document these differences, investigate relationships between
wealth and recorded household characteristics, and decompose the wealth gaps to examine the returns to racial characteristics.
The analysis reveals a distinct racial hierarchy. Black wealth was only 20% of white wealth, but mulattoes held nearly 50%
of whites’ wealth. This advantage is consistent with colourism, the favouritism shown to those of lighter complexion.
相似文献
Christopher S. RuebeckEmail: |
4.
Major league baseball career length in the 20th century 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The sport of baseball has used statistics to enhance understanding for fans for over a century, yet there is limited data
on player careers. This study fills that void by examining the careers of baseball players over the last century. Between
1902 and 1993, 5,989 position players started their careers and played 33,272 person years of major league baseball. A rookie
position player can expect to play 5.6 years; one in five position players will have only a single-year career, and at every
point of a player’s career, the chance of exiting is at least 11%. Position players who start younger and begin their careers
in more recent decades all have longer and more stable careers; nevertheless, baseball careers are not compressed versions
of normal careers, but are substantially skewed toward early exit.
相似文献
Richard G. RogersEmail: |
5.
Dropping out of post-compulsory education in the UK: an analysis of determinants and outcomes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We analyse the decision to drop out of post-compulsory education over the period 1985–1994 using data from the Youth Cohort
Surveys. We show that the dropout rate declined between 1985 and 1994, in spite of the rising participation rate in education,
but is still substantial. Dropping out is more or less constant over the period of study, though the risk of dropout does
vary with young people’s prior attainment, ethnicity, family background and the state of the labour market. The course of
study has a substantial effect on the risk of dropout.
相似文献
Pam LentonEmail: |
6.
Jeremy F. Pais Scott J. South Kyle Crowder 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(3):321-346
Using geo-linked data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the decennial census, we compare probabilities of neighborhood
out-migration for Anglos, blacks, Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and Cubans by varying ethno-racial neighborhood compositions. Analyses
for Latinos are disaggregated by nativity status. The results indicate that Anglos have a higher likelihood of moving when
they have many minority neighbors and there is little difference whether minority neighbors are black or Latino. Among minorities
there is some evidence of “minority flight” from whiter neighborhoods. Cubans, especially foreign-born Cubans, demonstrate
the strongest propensity to flee neighborhoods with large black populations, whereas the probability of moving out decreases
for Mexicans and Puerto Ricans when their neighbors are more likely to be black. Ethno-racial neighborhood composition has
little effect on blacks’ decision to leave their neighborhood.
相似文献
Jeremy F. PaisEmail: |
7.
This paper examines recent changes in weekly income levels and dispersion for Māori, New Zealand’s indigenous ethnic group.
Changes in the Māori income distribution between 1997 and 2003 reflect rapid increases in economic growth and employment rate.
A reduced proportion of people had zero or benefit-level incomes and a higher proportion had high incomes. Income inequality
declined for working-aged Māori and was stable for employed Māori. The average income gap between Māori and Europeans declined.
The increased Māori employment rate during this period was the single most important driver of changes in the Māori income
distribution.
相似文献
David C. Maré (Corresponding author)Email: |
8.
Empirical studies in the migration literature have shown that enclaves (networks) negatively affect the language proficiency
of migrants. Most of these studies do not address the choice of location as a function of language skills. Using data on Mexican
migration to the US, we show that migrants choose smaller networks as their English language proficiency improves.
相似文献
Ira N. Gang (Corresponding author)Email: |
9.
The changing nature of wage inequality 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Thomas Lemieux 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):21-48
The paper reviews recent developments in the literature on wage inequality with a particular focus on why inequality growth
has been particularly concentrated in the top end of the wage distribution over the last 15 years. Several possible institutional
and demand-side explanations are discussed for the secular growth in wage inequality in the United States and other advanced
industrialized countries.
相似文献
Thomas LemieuxEmail: |
10.
Are there gender and country of origin differences in immigrant labor market outcomes across European destinations? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The 1994–2000 waves of the European Community Household Panel are used to study the earnings of immigrants as compared to
native workers in 15 European countries. At the time of arrival, there is a significant negative partial effect of foreign
birth on individual earnings compared to the native born in the destination of around 40%. These differences vary across origins
and destinations and by gender. Immigrant earnings catch-up to those of the native born after around 18 years in the destination.
Schooling matters more for earnings for women, whereas, language skills are relatively more important for men.
相似文献
Barry R. ChiswickEmail: |
11.
We explore the labor market returns to the General Education Development (GED) exam for US natives and the foreign-born. We find that foreign-born men with a GED who received all of their formal schooling abroad earn significantly more than either foreign-schooled high school dropouts or graduates. In contrast, among US natives, GED recipients earn less than high school graduates but significantly more than dropouts. The returns for natives become larger over the life cycle and are not due to cohort effects. Our findings indicate that the GED may be more valuable in the labor market than some previous research suggests.
相似文献
David A. Jaeger (Corresponding author)Email: Fax: +1-757-2211175 |
12.
Joseph J. Sabia 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):111-134
While reducing out-of-wedlock childbearing is a central goal of welfare reform, most policymakers prefer achieving this objective
via a reduction in nonmarital pregnancy rates rather than through an increase in the incidence of abortion. Using aggregate
state-level data from 1984 to 1998, I estimate fixed effects models that allow for autocorrelated and heteroskedastic disturbances
to examine the association between the family cap and nonmarital birth, pregnancy, and abortion rates. I find robust evidence
that the family cap is associated with a reduction in nonmarital birth rates, particularly among black women. This reduction
is driven by a reduction in nonmarital pregnancy rates rather than through an increase in abortion or marriage rates. These
findings suggest that that the stigmatizing effect of the family cap may influence the nonmarital pregnancy decisions of black
women.
相似文献
Joseph J. SabiaEmail: |
13.
Understanding sibling differences in child labor 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Eric V. Edmonds 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(4):795-821
This study considers sibling differences in child labor in Nepal. The data are consistent with a model where parents care equally for all children but siblings differ in comparative advantage in household production, although parental preferences and credit constraints could also be important. Girls, especially older girls, tend to work more than their brothers. This extra work increases with the number of younger siblings and the spacing between siblings. The extra work performed by girls is such that, at modal birth spacing, the younger girl actually spends significantly more time working than her older brother.
相似文献
Eric V. EdmondsEmail: Fax: +1-603-6462122 |
14.
Casual employment is extensive and has been increasing for more than two decades in Australia. The concept of casual employment
used in the Australian context is unusual, but it is directly linked to benefit and rights exclusion within the regulatory
framework governing employment. The expansion in casual employment has spread across all sectors, industries and occupations.
Casual employment is associated with various forms of insecurity including income and employment insecurity. There are a number
of ways in which the insecurity associated with casual employment could be reduced.
相似文献
Iain Campbell (Corresponding author)Email: |
15.
How important is homeland education for refugees’ economic position in The Netherlands? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We use data on refugees admitted to The Netherlands that include registration of education in their homeland by immigration
officers. Such data are seldom available. We investigate the quality and reliability of the registrations and then use them
to assess effects on refugees’ economic position during the first 5 years after arrival. The most remarkable finding is the
absence of returns to higher education.
相似文献
Aslan ZorluEmail: |
16.
Using confidential microdata from the US Census Bureau, we investigate the performance of Asian-owned businesses. Using regression
estimates and a special non-linear decomposition technique, we explore the role that class resources, such as financial capital
and human capital, play in contributing to the relative success of Asian businesses. We find that Asian-owned businesses are
more successful than white-owned businesses for two main reasons—Asian owners have high levels of human capital and their
businesses have substantial start-up capital. Using detailed information on both the owner and the firm, we estimate the explanatory
power of several additional factors.
相似文献
Robert W. Fairlie (Corresponding author)Email: |
17.
Martin B. Schmidt 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):57-74
The competitiveness of a firm is intimately related to the productivity of its components. The distribution of profits should
then be highly correlated with the distribution of productivity—the more equal distribution of productivity the more equal
distribution of rents. To assess this argument, the present paper examines the time series behavior of competition within
Major League Baseball. The above logic would suggest that the reason for the improvement in the competitive balance in MLB
is a more equal distribution of playing talent. In the end, the improvement appears to be driven by increased player homogeneity
rather than institutional changes.
相似文献
Martin B. SchmidtEmail: |
18.
Unemployment rates, as well as income per capita, differ vastly across the regions of Europe. Labour mobility can play a role
in resolving regional disparities. This paper focuses on the questions of why labour mobility is low in the EU and how it
is possible that it remains low. We explore whether changes in male and female labour participation act as an important alternative
adjustment mechanism. We answer this question in the affirmative. We argue that female labour participation is very important
in adjusting to regional disparities.
相似文献
Ashok Parikh (Corresponding author)Email: |
19.
We compare older Egyptian women’s and men’s propensities to live with unmarried children only, any ever-married children,
and alone, and we assess “kin-keeping” versus “modernization” hypotheses about the effects of social change on living arrangements
during 1988–2000. Socioeconomic differences among women and men accounted for much of their crude differences in living arrangements
during the period. Propensities to live with any ever-married children declined, and propensities to live alone or with unmarried
children only rose. Compared to men, women continued to live more often with any ever-married children and less often with
unmarried children only, and the 1988 gender gap in solitary residence disappeared by 2000. Increasing coresidential demands
from unmarried dependent children, less frequent coresidential support from ever-married children, and rapidly increasing
rates of solitary living especially among older men suggest emerging needs for non-coresidential instrumental support, especially
among older Egyptians who are economically disadvantaged.
相似文献
Kathryn M. YountEmail: |
20.
Temporary Employment and Social Inequality in Canada: Exploring Intersections of Gender, Race and Immigration Status 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using data from the 2002–2004 waves of Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this article investigates the consequences of
different types of temporary employment—fixed-term or contract, casual, agency and seasonal employment—for differently situated
workers in Canada. Attention to intersecting social locations of gender, race and immigrant status helps capture the complex
implications of temporary work for inequality. In particular, it highlights the salience of gender relations in shaping workers’
experience of insecurity in different types of temporary employment.
相似文献
Leah F. VoskoEmail: |