职业成长研究述评与展望

职业成长作为一种个体和组织互惠的交换内容,是个体实现职业需求和工作价值、组织实现人才强企和"利员及己"的重要因素。结合当前研究现状和趋势,职业成长还要丰富职业成长的前因和结果变量,探索职业成长的纵向动态变化,拓展职业成长的研究对象,加强对职业成长机制和边界的分析等。     

论性格与职业的匹配

性格是影响个体行为的最重要的心理特征之一。实现性格与职业的匹配对于个人职业发展,提高组织绩效,实现个人价值与组织目标极其重要,现实职场中性格与职业的匹配程度却不容乐观。个人根据性格类型选择职业,组织根据职业对性格的要求选拔人才是人力资源合理利用与整体利益最大化的必然要求。     

中职学校职业指导工作现状及探索

加强中职学校的职业指导工作,是实现中职学校毕业生顺利就业的有力措施,是实现职业教育服务经济社会发展功能的有效途径。因此,中职学校有必要重视职业指导工作,并探索促进职业指导工作的新途径。     

职业决策困难及相关研究

职业决策困难正在成为心理学等学科研究的焦点。本文简要介绍了职业决策困难的相关理论,对近年来职业决策困难的研究进行了回顾,并提出了针对职业决策困难的应对策略。     

从职业经理变成职业企业家

一位著名职业经理人带领一群南方的职业经理人“空降”北方小镇进行创业的奇特案例, 他成为职业企业家的愿望能实现吗?     

浅析我国档案职业现状及发展前景

在现代技术的迅猛发展的今天,我国档案职业的现状不容乐观。面对当前档案职业存在的种种问题,档案职业人员应根据社会的变革和新技术的发展,及时拓展档案职业的技能,在档案管理活动的重要环节上力求突破,以实现档案职业可持续发展的目的。     

法治化:职业健康领域改革发展的引擎和轨道

职业健康事关劳动者健康福祉,法治是扭转复杂严峻的职业健康形势、促进职业健康领域改革发展攻坚转型的有力引擎。要在法治下推进改革发展,在改革发展中完善法治,依法健全职业健康体制机制,加快完善职业健康领域法律法规安排,有效提升职业健康治理能力,以法治化实现职业健康治理体系和治理能力的现代化。     

试论就业指导在推动毕业生实现更高质量就业中的作用和重要性

本文分析了职业技术学院的就业指导存在的问题,指出了就业指导在推动毕业生实现更高质量就业中的重要性和作用,如提高了职业技术学院学生的就业能力,培养学生的职业素养,提高自身的就业竞争力。因此,本文的研究对就业指导在推动毕业生实现更高质量就业具有现实意义。     

启发式课堂教学方法的研究与实践

根据卫生职业学校医用化学课程的实际教学情况,介绍了构建启发式课堂的教学方法,讨论了采用这种教学方法的优点和必要性。结合作者自身教学经验,介绍了在职业卫生学校中构建启发式教学的实践心得。     

完善天津市职业经理人市场

职业经理人作为企业经营者,直接决定着企业在市场竞争中的命运,是企业竞争力的核心要素。企业对市场环境的把握、对资源的整合,都必须通过职业经理人来实现,而职业经理人市场对于职业经理人的形成和成长具有重大影响。     

The Dynamics of Occupational Choice: Theory and Evidence

In this paper we provide new empirical and theoretical insights into the dynamics of occupational choice. In the empirical part of the paper we analyse West German time series data on the number of first‐year students in more than 50 fields. We show that this number is cyclical in many fields so that occupational choice is cyclical in many professions. In the theoretical part we develop a model that explains cycles in occupational choice. Unlike other models, it is not based on the unrealistic assumption that occupational choice is independent of the risk of unemployment associated with each occupation.     

ESTIMATING THE STOCK‐FLOW MATCHING MODEL USING MICRO DATA

We estimate the stock‐flow matching model using micro‐level data from a well‐defined labor market. Using a dataset of complete labor‐market histories for both sides of the market, we estimate hazard functions for job‐seekers and vacancies. We find that the stock of new vacancies has a significant positive impact on the job‐seeker hazard, over and above that of the total stock of vacancies. There is an even stronger robust result for vacancy hazards. Thus we find evidence in favor of stock‐flow matching, even when controlling for unobserved search heterogeneity and stratifying into submarkets defined by location and occupation.     

The Impact of Worker and Establishment‐level Characteristics on Male–Female Wage Differentials: Evidence from Danish Matched Employee–Employer Data

Abstract. This paper uses matched employer–employee data from Denmark to examine how gender segregation at the level of occupation, industry, establishment, and job‐cell impacts the gender wage differential of full‐time, private‐sector salaried and manual workers. Wage effects of gender segregation at the above four levels are estimated through fixed effects or through controls for the proportion females within these structures. We find that occupation has a much larger role than industry or establishment in accounting for the gender gap for salaried but not manual workers, and that for both groups there is a significant within‐job‐cell gender wage differential.     

Pay Referents and Satisfaction with Pay: Does Occupational Proximity Matter?

We explore whether employees compare their pay to the pay of others in a similarly prestigious occupation and, if so, whether this comparison has a negative impact on pay satisfaction. Using an experimental vignette methodology, Study 1 found that people are more inclined to compare with others from a similar or identical occupation and that comparison negatively impacts pay satisfaction. This comparison and its negative effect is particularly strong in high‐prestige occupations. Based on survey data, Study 2 also showed that the average pay of others in occupations of similar prestige is negatively correlated with employees’ pay satisfaction. This negative correlation was also stronger in higher‐prestige occupations. Our analysis highlights the importance of occupational prestige as a main factor influencing pay comparison.     

Resilience Analysis of Countries under Disasters Based on Multisource Data

Disasters occur almost daily in the world. Because emergencies frequently have no precedent, are highly uncertain, and can be very destructive, improving a country's resilience is an efficient way to reduce risk. In this article, we collected more than 20,000 historical data points from disasters from 207 countries to enable us to calculate the severity of disasters and the danger they pose to countries. In addition, 6 primary indices (disaster, personal attribute, infrastructure, economics, education, and occupation) including 38 secondary influencing factors are considered in analyzing the resilience of countries. Using these data, we obtained the danger, expected number of deaths, and resilience of all 207 countries. We found that a country covering a large area is more likely to have a low resilience score. Through sensitivity analysis of all secondary indices, we found that population density, frequency of disasters, and GDP are the three most critical factors affecting resilience. Based on broad‐spectrum resilience analysis of the different continents, Oceania and South America have the highest resilience, while Asia has the lowest. Over the past 50 years, the resilience of many countries has been improved sharply, especially in developing countries. Based on our results, we analyze the comprehensive resilience and provide some optimal suggestions to efficiently improve resilience.     

Emotional labor and leadership: A threat to authenticity?

Building on the emotional labor and authentic leadership literatures, we advance a conceptual model of leader emotional displays. Three categories of leader emotional displays are identified: surface acting, deep acting and genuine emotions. The consistency of expressed leader emotions with affective display rules, together with the type of display chosen, combines to impact the leader's felt authenticity, the favorability of follower impressions, and the perceived authenticity of the leader by the followers. Emotional intelligence, self-monitoring ability, and political skill are proposed as individual differences that moderate leader emotional display responses to affective events. We also look at followers' trust in the leader and leader well-being as key outcomes. Finally, we explore the influence on leader emotional labor of contextual dimensions of the environment, including the omnibus (national and organizational culture, industry and occupation, organizational structure, time) and discrete (situational) context. Directions for future research are discussed.     

My network,my self: A social network approach to work-based identity

As the organizational landscape becomes increasingly turbulent and the gig economy grows, the conventional anchors for a work-based sense of identity – a relatively stable organization, workgroup, and occupation – are losing relevance. We argue that a “network identity,” defined as the core, distinctive, and more or less enduring character of a set of social ties (e.g., “we are high-achievers”), helps fill this growing void because individuals’ networks often reflect agency and have more or less fluid boundaries and portability. These attributes enable individuals to develop or join networks that may transcend specific contexts and adapt to change. An individual’s network identity simultaneously implicates all three levels of self – individual, relational, and collective – such that it is a potentially very powerful means for realizing his or her identity motives. Crossing the dimensions of network boundary strength and network density, we offer a 2 × 2 typology of networks and discuss their implications for members’ network identities and what kinds of individuals might prefer each network.     

Consumption Over the Life Cycle

This paper estimates a structural model of optimal life‐cycle consumption expenditures in the presence of realistic labor income uncertainty. We employ synthetic cohort techniques and Consumer Expenditure Survey data to construct average age‐profiles of consumption and income over the working lives of typical households across different education and occupation groups. The model fits the profiles quite well. In addition to providing reasonable estimates of the discount rate and risk aversion, we find that consumer behavior changes strikingly over the life cycle. Young consumers behave as buffer‐stock agents. Around age 40, the typical household starts accumulating liquid assets for retirement and its behavior mimics more closely that of a certainty equivalent consumer. Our methodology provides a natural decomposition of saving and wealth into its precautionary and life‐cycle components.     

A Comprehensive Profile of the Working Poor

Abstract. In this paper, a comprehensive profile of the ‘working poor’ is presented using data from the 2003 March Supplement of the Current Population Survey. We test an earnings model with effective cost constraints. The dependent variable is the likelihood of an employed individual being a member of the working poor. The explanatory variables are the worker's occupation and firm characteristics, and cost constraints comprising, on the one hand, the worker's family characteristics (notably family income), and, on the other, the costs to the worker of signals used by firms in making employment decisions. These include not only the cost of education but also what we call ‘discriminatory signals’, e.g. gender, race, ethnicity and citizenship status. The paper provides new insight into the complex set of relationships between the signaling variables themselves, between signals and occupations, and between industries and occupations, in the formation of relative wage rates.     

Semiparametric Modeling of the Spatial Distribution of Occupational Accident Risk in the Casual Labor Market, Piracicaba, Southeast Brazil

The objective of this study was to estimate the spatial distribution of work accident risk in the informal work market in the urban zone of an industrialized city in southeast Brazil and to examine concomitant effects of age, gender, and type of occupation after controlling for spatial risk variation. The basic methodology adopted was that of a population-based case-control study with particular interest focused on the spatial location of work. Cases were all casual workers in the city suffering work accidents during a one-year period; controls were selected from the source population of casual laborers by systematic random sampling of urban homes. The spatial distribution of work accidents was estimated via a semiparametric generalized additive model with a nonparametric bidimensional spline of the geographical coordinates of cases and controls as the nonlinear spatial component, and including age, gender, and occupation as linear predictive variables in the parametric component. We analyzed 1,918 cases and 2,245 controls between 1/11/2003 and 31/10/2004 in Piracicaba, Brazil. Areas of significantly high and low accident risk were identified in relation to mean risk in the study region (p < 0.01). Work accident risk for informal workers varied significantly in the study area. Significant age, gender, and occupational group effects on accident risk were identified after correcting for this spatial variation. A good understanding of high-risk groups and high-risk regions underpins the formulation of hypotheses concerning accident causality and the development of effective public accident prevention policies.