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1.
Kushner M Thurus P Sletten S Frye B Abrams K Adson D Demark JV Maurer E Donahue C 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(2):219-227
Cue reactivity, while increasingly recognized as a central feature of drug and alcohol addiction, is not well studied in gambling.
We evaluated the urge to gamble in a simulated casino environment among frequent gamblers who alternated between cycles in
which they observed others playing ten hands of Blackjack (first, third and fifth cycle) and cycles in which they played ten
hands of Blackjack themselves (second and fourth cycle). The played cycles served as a manipulation for the observed cycles
in terms of “priming” (having previously gambled in the environment vs. not) and “anticipation” (expecting more opportunities
to gamble in the environment vs. not) and, thus, allowed these conditions: observed cycle 1 = anticipation (+) and prime (−); observed cycle 2 = anticipation (+) and prime (+); and observed cycle 3 = anticipation (−) and prime (+). Subjects’ urge to gamble was greater in the gambling environment than in a neutral setting
and both positive anticipation and positive priming increased cue reactivity within the gambling environment. The frequency
of gambling outside of the study did not affect cue reactivity. However, a preference for Blackjack (vs. other types of gambling)
and observing winning (vs. losing) hands were both associated with stronger cue reactivity in the study. These findings contribute
to our understanding of pathological gambling. 相似文献
2.
Holtgraves T 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(1):105-120
A large, integrated survey data set provided by the Ontario Problem Gambling Centre was used to investigate psychometric properties
of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI). This nine-item self-report instrument was designed to measure a single, problem
gambling construct. Unlike its nearest competitor—the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS)—the PGSI was designed specifically
for use with a general population rather than in a clinical context. The present analyses demonstrated that the PGSI does
assess a single, underlying, factor, but that this is complicated by different, multiple factor structures for respondents
with differing levels of problem gambling severity. The PGSI also demonstrated small to moderate correlations with measures
of gambling frequency and faulty cognitions. Overall, the PGSI presents a viable alternative to the SOGS for assessing degrees
of problem gambling severity in a non-clinical context.
相似文献
Thomas HoltgravesEmail: |
3.
Miller NV Currie SR 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):257-274
Using population data (N = 11,562) drawn from five Canadian gambling prevalence surveys conducted between 2000 and 2005, the current study investigated
the relationship between irrational gambling cognitions and risky gambling practices upon (a) gambling intensity, as measured
by percent of income spent on gambling and (b) tolerance, a diagnostic indicator of pathological gambling. First, we found
irrational gambling cognitions and risky gambling practices to be positively related. Second, irrational gambling cognitions
moderated the relationship between risky gambling practices and gambling intensity. Specifically, people engaging in risky
practices, spent less of their income on gambling when they had fewer irrational gambling cognitions compared to those with
more irrational cognitions. Third, irrational gambling cognitions moderated the relationship between risky gambling practices
and tolerance. Of the people engaging in risky practices, those with no irrational cognitions reported lower levels of tolerance
than those with at least one irrational cognition. Interactions with gender are reported and discussed. These findings demonstrate
the importance of both gambling cognitions and gambling practices upon the intensity of gambling and pathological gambling.
相似文献
Shawn R. CurrieEmail: |
4.
Lakey CE Goodie AS Campbell WK 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(3):285-297
The current investigation examined performance on two laboratory-based gambling tasks, the Georgia Gambling Task (GGT; Goodie,
2003. The effects of control on betting: Paradoxical betting on items of high confidence with low value. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29, 598–610) and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT; Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994. Insensitivity to future consequences
following damage to human prefrontal cortex. Cognition, 50, 7–15), as well as self-reported markers of gambling pathology using the Diagnostic Interview for Gambling Severity (DIGS;
Winters, Specker, & Stinchfield, 2002. The downside: Problem and pathological gambling (pp. 143–148). Reno, NV: University of Nevada, Reno) among a sample of undergraduate students who are frequent card players.
Two hundred twenty-one participants (55 female and 166 male; mean age 19.21 years) who self-classified as playing cards at
least once per month completed these measures. Performance on GGT and IGT systematically related to gambling-related pathology
in several ways. Overconfidence and bet acceptance on the GGT, and myopic focus on reward on the IGT, predicted gambling related
pathology. GGT and IGT performance correlated with each other, but both contributed independently to predicting gambling pathology.
Card playing frequency predicted gambling pathology but not GGT or IGT performance. Discussion focuses on the role of biases
of judgment and risky decision making in pathological gambling. 相似文献
5.
Nicki Dowling David Smith Trang Thomas 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):201-214
The current study aimed to provide a preliminary evaluation of the differential efficacy of a cognitive-behavioural treatment
program for female pathological gamblers delivered with the goals of abstinence or controlled gambling. The findings were
based on the comparison of pathological gamblers selecting abstinence and pathological gamblers selecting controlled gambling
on measures of gambling behaviour and psychological functioning. The findings revealed that pathological gamblers selecting
controlled gambling displayed comparable levels of improvement to those displayed by gamblers selecting abstinence. Using
a treatment completer approach, 89% of the gamblers selecting abstinence compared with 82% selecting controlled gambling no
longer satisfied the diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling by the completion of the 6-month follow-up period. Although
further scientific demonstration is required, the findings of this study provide preliminary support for the practice of offering
controlled gambling as an alternative goal in the treatment of pathological gambling. 相似文献
6.
The Proxy Effect: Gender and Gambling Problem Trajectories of Iowa Gambling Treatment Program Participants 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Nelson SE Laplante DA Labrie RA Shaffer HJ 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(2):221-240
Recent research has found that men and women who end up in gambling treatment tend to follow different trajectories to that endpoint: women generally begin gambling later in life, but progress to problems and seek treatment more quickly. With women’s prevalence rates of gambling and disordered gambling increasing, it has become important to identify the causes and consequences of these trajectory differences. The current study used a sample of 2,256 gamblers enrolled in the Iowa Gambling Treatment Program to examine the relationship of gender and other demographic, economic and health-related (i.e., psychosocial) factors to empirically-identified gambling problem trajectories. The results indicated that gender made a statistically significant contribution to the prediction of trajectory, but increased predictive accuracy by only 1–2% beyond a model with psychosocial predictors. Gender’s contribution was limited to its relationship to age of initiation; men and women’s problem progression did not differ meaningfully once age of gambling initiation was taken into account. Gender is a unique contributor to the development of gambling problems among treatment seekers, but it is only one small part of the myriad psychosocial characteristics that influence gambling problem development.
相似文献
Sarah E. NelsonEmail: |
7.
Boughton R Falenchuk O 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(3):323-334
This study helps to address a deficiency of gender-specific research into problem gambling. It focuses on the gambling behaviors,
family and personal histories and comorbid psychological disorders of 365 female gamblers from across Ontario, Canada, who
responded to a mail-in survey. Specifically, this study looks at rates of depression and anxiety, concurrent struggles with
other behaviors (such as alcohol and drug use, disordered eating, overspending and criminal activity) and abuse history reported
by female gamblers. The reported rates are considerably higher than for the general female population. The findings of this
study agree with previous research. They suggest that prevention strategies and treatment practices for female problem gamblers
should take into account women’s mental health, addiction and trauma history as contributing factors in the development of
problematic gambling. 相似文献
8.
Gambino B 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(3):321-328
The case is presented that researchers interested in policy aimed at treating the pathological gambler need to shift focus to improving the utility of prevalence estimates. It is argued that researchers supplement prevalence estimates with practical and well-defined measures of severity and other predictors and correlates of help-seeking. The dimension of severity is emphasized as one means of providing estimates that are relevant to policy makers when placed in the context of additional measures that improve their meaning and utility. Estimates may then be partitioned along these dimensions to ascertain the proportion of gamblers most likely to need or seek treatment for gambling-related disorders. The recommendations provided are subject to a number of possible objections and are presented in the interest of stimulating further discussion such as the distinction between symptom assessment and the measurement of severity. 相似文献
9.
Dowling N Smith D Thomas T 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(4):355-372
Given that a substantial proportion of current pathological gamblers are female, it is evident that women are underrepresented in the treatment outcome literature. The current study was designed to redress the limited information on the treatment of female pathological gambling. Although the use of cognitive-behavioural therapy is the most highly recommended approach as ‘best practice’ for the treatment of pathological gambling, no attempt to date has been made to evaluate the efficacy of this approach for female pathological gambling. Nineteen female pathological gamblers with electronic gaming machine problems were treated with a cognitive-behavioural program. While pathological gamblers placed on a waiting list did not show significant improvement on gambling behaviour and psychological functioning measures, the female pathological gamblers showed significant improvement on these measures over the treatment period, and maintained this improvement at the 6-month follow-up evaluation. By the completion of the follow-up period, 89% of participants no longer met diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. Although further scientific demonstration and replication are required, the outcomes of this study indicate that the therapy that is considered ‘best practice’ in the treatment of pathological gambling is effective for female pathological gambling. 相似文献
10.
Lakey CE Goodie AS Lance CE Stinchfield R Winters KC 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(4):479-498
We examined the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling as assessed with the DSM-IV-based Diagnostic Interview for Gambling Severity (DIGS; Winters, Specker, & Stinchfield, 2002). We first analyzed the psychometric properties of the DIGS, and then assessed the extent to which performance on two judgment and decision-making tasks, the Georgia Gambling Task (Goodie, 2003) and the Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994), related to higher reports of gambling pathology. In a sample of frequent gamblers, we found strong psychometric support for the DSM-IV conception of pathological gambling as measured by the DIGS, predictive relationships between DIGS scores and all cognitive performance measures, and significant differences in performance measures between individuals with and without pathological gambling. Analyses using suggested revisions to the pathological gambling threshold (Stinchfield, 2003) revealed that individuals meeting four of the DSM-IV criteria aligned significantly more with pathological gamblers than with non-pathological gamblers, supporting the suggested change in the cutoff score from five to four symptoms. Discussion focuses on the validity of the DSM-IV criteria as assessed by the DIGS and the role of cognitive biases in pathological gambling. 相似文献
11.
Korman LM Collins J Dutton D Dhayananthan B Littman-Sharp N Skinner W 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(1):13-23
This study examined the prevalence and severity of intimate partner violence (IPV) among 248 problem gamblers (43 women, 205
men) recruited from newspaper advertisements. The main outcome measures used were the Canadian Problem Gambling Index, the
Conflicts Tactics Scale-2, the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2, the drug and alcohol section of the Addiction Severity
Index and the substance use section of the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV. In this sample, 62.9% of participants
reported perpetrating and/or being the victims of IPV in the past year, with 25.4% reporting perpetrating severe IPV. The
majority of the sample (64.5%) also had clinically significant anger problems, which was associated with an increased risk
of being both the perpetrator and victim of IPV. The presence of a lifetime substance use disorder among participants who
had clinically significant anger problems further increased the likelihood of both IPV perpetration and victimization. These
findings underscore the importance of routinely screening gambling clients for anger and IPV, and the need to develop public
policy, prevention and treatment programs to address IPV among problem gamblers. Future research to examine IPV among problem
gamblers is recommended. 相似文献
12.
Pille-Riin Kaare René Mõttus Kenn Konstabel 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(3):377-390
Due to changes in gambling accessibility during the last decade gambling has become more widespread in Estonia and the prevalence
of pathological gambling has sharply increased. The present study attempts to identify psychological characteristics of Estonian
pathological gamblers. It has been shown that a wide range of social, economic, and individual factors (e.g. personality traits
and emotional states) predict the likelihood of becoming a pathological gambler. In the present study, pathological gamblers’
(N = 33) personality traits, self-esteem, self-reported emotional states and cognitive ability were compared to the respective
characteristics in a non-gambling control group (N = 42) matched for age, gender and educational level. It was found that compared to controls, pathological gamblers had higher
scores on Neuroticism (especially on its immoderation facet) and lower scores on Conscientiousness (especially on its dutifulness
and cautiousness facets) and on self-esteem scale. They reported more negative emotional states during the previous month
(especially depression and anxiety). Finally, pathological gamblers had lower general cognitive ability. In a logistic regression
model, the likelihood of being a pathological gambler was best predicted by high immoderation score and low cognitive ability.
相似文献
Pille-Riin KaareEmail: |
13.
Fisher S 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2000,16(1):25-51
This study is the first attempt to measure the prevalence of problem gambling attributable to a specific sector of the gambling industry. One thousand, one hundred and five casino patrons in 40 casinos in the UK were interviewed, face-to-face. Respondents were screened for problem gambling using a multiple response version of DSM-IV (DSM-IV-MR). The study found support for Eadington's (1988) hypothesis, that UK casinos could be largely sustained by regular players, among whom the prevalence of problem gambling is high. The study also found support for the hypothesis that, to the extent different gambling sectors are patronised by demographically different client groups, so the problem gamblers associated with them will reflect these client groups. The problem gamblers among the regular casino patrons were demographically distinct from the problem gamblers in the sample who showed a preference for other gambling forms. Other key findings support those found in other jurisdictions. Sector-specific prevalence studies may be the next step forward in epidemiological research on problem gambling. They have the major advantage of netting significantly more problem gamblers from much smaller samples than similar studies in the general population. They also have the potential to reveal the proportion of problem gamblers attributable to each sector, along with their demographic characteristics. Such information would result in more specific information being available for regulators seeking to minimise the social impact of problem gambling and those involved in the development of prevention and treatment strategies. 相似文献
14.
Casey LM Oei TP Melville KM Bourke E Newcombe PA 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(2):229-246
This paper reports on the development and psychometric properties of a Gambling Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GRSEQ).
Two hundred and ninety-seven gamblers from both normal and clinical populations completed an initial set of 31-items of which
26 were selected for inclusion in the final version of the GRSEQ. A series of factor analyses showed four clear factors accounting
for 84% of the variance. These factors can be summarised as situations and thoughts associated with gambling, the influence
of drugs on gambling, positive emotions associated with gambling and negative emotions associated with gambling. The GRSEQ
total score and factors scores showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.92 to 0.98). Participants
experiencing problems with gambling scored significantly lower on the GRSEQ, and discriminant analyses showed that the scale
is able to correctly classify the non-problem (i.e., community and student samples) and problem gamblers (i.e., clinical sample).
Furthermore, the GRSEQ showed significant negative relationships with other gambling-related variables (gambling urge and
gambling-related cognitions) and negative mood states (depression, anxiety and stress) and was shown to be sensitive to change
in treatment of pathological gambling. The results suggest that the GRSEQ is a useful measure of gambling refusal self-efficacy
that is suitable for assessment of gamblers from both normal and clinical populations. 相似文献
15.
Temperament and Character in Pathological Gambling 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Nordin C Nylander PO 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(2):113-120
Objective We have studied temperament and character in pathological gambling (PG).
Methods Thirty-eight DSM-IV verified pathological gamblers (31 males and 7 females; mean age 35.4 ± 10.4 years) were tested with Cloninger’s
Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Matched controls were chosen from the normal population.
Results Pathological gamblers scored higher on the temperament factors novelty seeking (NS) and harm avoidance (HA). The most pronounced
difference was found in the character factor self-directedness (SD). The pathological gamblers differed from controls in cooperativeness
and self-transcendence. A personality disorder was found in 29% of the pathological gamblers 84% of whom scored either low
on SD and high on impulsivity or had a more dishonest behaviour. Two-thirds of pathological gamblers showed immature character
with or without high HA in temperament. The other third showed normal-character extravagant behaviour (86%), high impulsivity
(36%) and less responsibility (50%) being the most common personality traits.
Conclusion HA and NS might be trait-like characteristics in PG. 相似文献
16.
Dowling N Smith D 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(3):335-345
The current study was an exploratory investigation of the selection of controlled gambling as a goal of treatment for female
pathological gambling. Specifically, it aimed to explore: 1) the popularity of controlled gambling as a goal of treatment;
2) the reasons pathological gamblers select abstinence and controlled gambling as goals of treatment; and 3) the characteristics
of pathological gamblers attracted to abstinence and controlled gambling. The sample comprised 85 female pathological gamblers
attending a cognitive-behavioural treatment program for pathological gambling. The selection of controlled gambling by one-third
(34%) of the sample suggests that, at least in the Australian context, controlled gambling is a relatively popular goal of
treatment for female pathological gamblers. In this study, the only differences between treatment-seeking female pathological
gamblers selecting abstinence and controlled gambling were that those selecting controlled gambling were older and were less
likely to endorse the belief that problematic gambling is a disease or affliction that can only be overcome by lifelong abstinence.
Further research investigating the characteristics of pathological gamblers associated with controlled gambling as both a
goal and outcome of treatment is required in order to ensure that treatment-seeking pathological gamblers can make an informed
decision regarding their goal selection. 相似文献
17.
Potenza MN Steinberg MA Wu R Rounsaville BJ O'malley SS 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2006,22(2):241-254
Background Few investigations have characterized groups of older adults with gambling problems, and published reports are currently limited by small samples of older adult problem gamblers. Gambling helplines represent a widespread mechanism for assisting problem gamblers to move into treatment settings. Given data from older adult problem gamblers in treatment, we hypothesized that older as compared with younger adult problem gamblers calling a gambling helpline would be less likely to report gambling-related problems.Design and methods Logistic regression analyses were performed on data obtained from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2001, inclusive, from callers with gambling problems (N = 1,084) contacting the Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling Helpline.Results Of the 1,018 phone calls used in the logistic regression analyses, 168 (16.5%) were from older adults and 850 (83.5%) from younger adults. Age-related differences were observed in demographic features, types and patterns of gambling reported as problematic, gambling-related problems and psychiatric symptoms, substance use problems, patterns of indebtedness, and family histories of addictive disorders. Older as compared with younger adult problem gamblers were more likely to report having lower incomes, longer durations of gambling, fewer types of problematic gambling, and problems with casino slot machine gambling and less likely to report gambling-related anxiety, family problems, illegal behaviors and arrests, drug problems, indebtedness to bookies or acquaintances, family histories of drug abuse, and problems with casino table gambling.Conclusions Older as compared with younger adult problem gamblers calling a gambling helpline differ on many clinically relevant features. The findings suggest the need for improved and unique prevention and treatment strategies for older adults with gambling problems. 相似文献
18.
Ingeborg Lund 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):215-225
In this article, findings of a panel study among former EGM gamblers are discussed. The data were collected in two waves during
2007, and 1293 people, 18 years or older, participated. The background for the study was the Norwegian ban on EGMs from 1
July 2007, and the aim was to investigate how this ban affected gambling involvement and problem levels in the sample. The
analysis shows that gambling participation, gambling frequencies and gambling problems were reduced after EGMs disappeared
from the market. There was no indication of the development of an illegal EGM market, or of substitution of EGMs with other
types of gambling. A reduction in other types of gambling is interpreted as an indication of synergetic effects between games.
Reduced gambling participation among the most active EGM gamblers, and among risk gamblers, shows that the reductions in gambling
availability had an effect even on highly involved gamblers. 相似文献
19.
Ziming Xuan Howard Shaffer 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):239-252
Objective: To examine behavioral patterns of actual Internet gamblers who experienced gambling-related problems and voluntarily closed
their accounts. Design: A nested case–control design was used to compare gamblers who closed their accounts because of gambling problems to those
who maintained open accounts. Setting: Actual play patterns of in vivo Internet gamblers who subscribed to an Internet gambling site. Participants: 226 gamblers who closed accounts due to gambling problems were selected from a cohort of 47,603 Internet gamblers who subscribed
to an Internet gambling site during February 2005; 226 matched-case controls were selected from the group of gamblers who
did not close their accounts. Daily aggregates of behavioral data were collected during an 18-month study period. Main outcome measures: Main outcomes of interest were daily aggregates of stake, odds, and net loss, which were standardized by the daily aggregate
number of bets. We also examined the number of bets to measure trajectory of gambling frequency. Results: Account closers due to gambling problems experienced increasing monetary loss as the time to closure approached; they also
increased their stake per bet. Yet they did not chase longer odds; their choices of wagers were more probabilistically conservative
(i.e., short odds) compared with the controls. The changes of monetary involvement and risk preference occurred concurrently
during the last few days prior to voluntary closing. Conclusions: Our finding of an involvement-seeking yet risk-averse tendency among self-identified problem gamblers challenges the notion
that problem gamblers seek “long odds” during “chasing.” 相似文献
20.
Nigel E. Turner Denise L. Preston Crystal Saunders Steven McAvoy Umesh Jain 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(2):153-169
This article examines the prevalence of moderate and severe problem gambling in a sample of 254 incarcerated Canadian male
federal offenders (completion rate of 39.0%). The prevalence of disordered gambling was measured using the PGSI, DSM-IV-TR,
and SOGS that yielded estimates of 9.4%, 6.3%, and 13.0%, respectively. Severe problem gamblers were significantly more likely
to have committed income producing offences, but were neither more nor less likely than other offenders to have committed
violent offences. The majority of severe problem gamblers (65.2%) and a fifth of the moderate problem gamblers (20.0%) reported
that their criminal activity was a result of their gambling (e.g., to pay off debts). Based on these findings there appears
to be a need to offer problem gambling treatment services to offenders in order to help them break the cycle of gambling,
debt and crime. 相似文献