Constrained Monotonicity and the Measurement of Power

In this paper we will discuss constraints on the number of (non-dummy) players and on the distribution of votes such that local monotonicity is satisfied for the Public Good Index. These results are compared to properties which are related to constraints on the redistribution of votes (such as implied by global monotonicity). The discussion shows that monotonicity is not a straightforward criterion of classification for power measures. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Sociological Measurement of the Russian Mentality

Research shows that there is strong continuity of attitudes between Soviet and post-Soviet society, and that this is true of all generations of Russians. Particular political views are subject to fluctuation, though, as economic and social conditions change.     

Constraints and the Measurement of Freedom of Choice

This paper introduces considerations about constraints in the construction of measures of an agent's freedom. It starts with motivating the exercise from both the philosophical and the informational point of view. Then it presents two rankings of opportunity sets based on information about the extent of options and the constraints that a decision maker faces. The first ranking measures freedom as variety of choice; the second as non-restrictedness in choice.     

Reliability and Measurement Error in the Presence of Homogeneity

ABSTRACT

This paper describes a limitation of using Cronbach's Alpha to estimate reliability when using a sample with homogeneous responses in the measured construct. More specifically, it describes the risk of falsely concluding that a new instrument may have poor reliability and demonstrates the use of an alternate statistic that may serve as a cushion against such errors. Data from two validation studies are used to illustrate the utility of the new statistic, referred to as R-Alpha or Relative Alpha. Included is a discussion of the limitations and appropriate use of the statistic in validating multi-item tests, assessment scales, and inventories.     

我国地区金融集聚水平的测度

由于我国经济发展的不平衡,金融集聚在各区域发展的速度和程度存在明显的差异。由于评价金融集聚的指标体系存在不足,不能真实反映金融集聚的真实情况。因此,从金融业的细分入手,选取具有代表性的指标构建金融集聚的衡量指标体系,运用因子分析方法计算各省市的分行业集聚度,进而得到全国各省市金融集聚度。最后根据实证的研究结果提出了改善金融集聚的政策建议。     

西方社会性别概念及其测量的回顾与评述

社会性别概念产生于西方女性主义运动,是基于性别角色概念和女性主义概念而发展起来的.伴随着社会性别概念内涵的历史变迁,对它的测量也经历了性别角色理论和女性主义理论两条不同的发展路径,并且出现过一些比较权威的量表.     

环境会计确认与计量问题探讨

环境会计要素的确认与计量是环境会计研究的基础。环境会计的理论体系框架包括会计目标、环境会计要素确认、计量、报告等,环境会计确认的标准、原则及计量依据、方法直接影响会计信息的披露。把经济学、环境科学等相关学科的原理和方法应用到会计学科中来,以解决环境会计的确认和计量问题。     

The Measurement of Burnout Revisited

Throughout the literature, burnout has been conceptualized as encompassing three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Interview and questionnaire data from 95 human service workers examine a conceptual model linking burnout to selected work characteristics and professionalism. Derived from theory and based on factor analysis, multiple-item subscales are established for work characteristics (autonomy, role conflict, role ambiguity and workload), professionalism (job involvement, intrinsic motwation and higher order needs satisfaction) and burnout (the three dimensions). Intercorrelations among the subscales and a path analysis lead to the conclusion that burnout requires reconceptualization theoretically and operationally. Of the three alleged dimensions of burnout, only emotional exhaustion is found to be a valid and reliable measure.     

On the Measurement of Job Risk in Hedonic Wage Models

We examine the incidence, form, and research consequences of measurement error in measures of fatal injury risk in U.S. workplaces using both Bureau of Labor Statistics and National Intitute of Occupational Safety and Health data. Of the various measures examined the NIOSH industry risk measure produces implicit value of life estimates most in line with both economic theory and the mode result for the existing literature. Because we find non-classical measurement error that differs across risk measures and is not independent of other regressors, innovative statistical procedures need be applied to obtain statistically improved estimates of wage-fatality risk tradeoffs.     

关于构建广州市精神文明创建工作测评体系的若干思考

构建广州市精神文明创建工作的测评体系,是广州市全面建设小康社会、率先基本实现现代化的重要工作,也是社会主义精神文明建设化虚为实的迫切要求。广州市精神文明创建工作测评体系包括广州市文明城区测评体系、广州市文明街道测评体系、广州市文明社区测评体系、广州市文明镇测评体系、广州市文明村测评体系、广州市文明行业(单位)测评体系。     

中国家庭幸福感测量

中国传统社会历来是“家本位”,测量家庭幸福感在中国具有特殊意义。为克服家庭幸福感测量中存在的自评异质性问题,本文采用全国范围有代表性的概率样本调查数据,引入“测量锚点”和“等比例方法”对家庭幸福感评分进行标准化,在此基础上,进而分析家庭幸福感自评异质性的影响因素以及标准化与非标准化测量的评分差异,从而揭示以往主观评价变量非标准化测量可能存在的问题。最后,本文以社区融合状况对居民家庭幸福感的影响为例,通过分层线性回归模型比较了家庭幸福感标准化与非标准化测量在研究结论方面存在的显著差异。     

Measurement of Institutional Resident Management Practices

The improvement of residential treatment programs requires a better understanding of unit management practices and their influences upon residents. The authors present a sixteen-item objective scale which measures resident management practices along a continuum from institutionally-oriented to individually-oriented. Assessments of the scale's reliability and validity support its usefulness as a tool for studying this important aspect of residential care.     

环境关心的测量：NEP量表在中国的应用评估

本文检视了西方学者（特别是美国学者）自20世纪70年代以来测量公众环境关心的历程,分析了广为使用的NEP量表的提出及修订,并重点基于2003年中国综合社会调查（城市部分）资料,对修订过的NEP量表在中国的应用效果进行了评估。作者指出,不加改造地在中国应用修订过的NEP量表,效果并不理想。但是,经过适当改造之后,该量表可以作为测量公众环境关心的重要工具。     

应用型人才培养模式下的测量学教改问题研究

测量学是测绘工程专业的专业基础课,实践性强,技术含量高,应用范围广,与工程实践紧密联系。因此,测量学专业的教学培养关系到社会工程实践的方方面面。该文以应用型本科人才培养为出发点,以测量学为研究对象,研究应用型人才培养模式下的测量学教改目的和任务,分析当前测量学教培方案存在的不足和原因,提出应用型人才培养模式下的测量学教改途径,以期为测量学教改问题的研究提供参考和依据,推动测量学向应用型人才培养模式的转变。     

Issues in the Measurement of ‘Community Need’

It is suggested that the concept of ‘need’ is not amenable to direct measurement, but that four dimensions—normative, attitudinal, behavioural and comparative—may be quantified. In practice it is necessary to consider all four dimensions.     

Measurement of fuzziness: A general approach

A new general index for the measurement of fuzziness has been suggested in this paper. It has been shown that a continuous, S-concave function of the fuzzy membership values will suffice for constructing an index of fuzziness. The general index satisfies all the postulates for an index of fuzziness proposed by De Luca and Termini (1972).We are indebted to M. Smithson for comments on an earlier draft paper.