闪烁的星光——中国铁路技术研发现状

在主张磁浮和高速轮轨两种不同技术的专家各抒己见，激烈辩论之际，“中华之星”这列国产化程度较高的高速列车到底可以扮演何种角色？京沪高速铁路之争为什么会是外国人和外国技术在中国的角逐?中国的高速铁路技术能否担当起京沪线的重任?如果最终我们不得不引进国外技术，国内相关科研机构将从中受益匪浅，还是面临更大的困境？     

使用电动牙刷,会破坏牙釉质吗?

正Z真相牙釉质,是牙齿表面白色半透明的钙化程度最高的坚硬组织,是人体组织中最硬的,因此对咀嚼磨耗有较大的抵抗力,日常的磨损是微乎其微的。磨损严重的情况是经常咬合坚硬的东西,或是服用药物引起的牙齿损坏。不管是电动牙刷还是普通的牙刷都会对牙釉质表面有不同程度的轻微磨耗,但这种磨耗和我们日常咀嚼食物引起的磨耗是相近的,影响微乎其微,几乎可以忽略不计。     

影响地铁列车正点运行的因素分析

通过对影响地铁列车正点运行因素的归类分析,从而确定提高列车正点率的对策。     

上海地铁1号线中北段开行观光列车

<正> 上海地铁1号线继南段开行客运列车之后,从1994年12月28日开始,中北段也开行了观光列车。观光列车每天开行10对,从衡山路站至上海火车站站。南行列车在新闸路站、黄陂南路站增加停车时间,供乘客观光,北行列车则在陕西南路站和人民广场站增加停车时间,供乘客观光。 中北段车站各有特色:衡山路站内有一大型地铁列车壁画,常熟路站有一幅具有中华民     

德国高速轮轨事故

世界上任何一项技术，都不可能要求其绝对万无一失，既使是最先进、最安全的技术，终难免“万一”。比如近日大家非常关心的京沪高速铁路方案技术之争的磁浮和轮轨是目前世界铁路最先进的技术，但它们也都发生过技术事故，2003午4月，上海磁浮列车的事故我们知道，而1998午发生在德国的高速轮轨事件，我们就不太了解。     

京沪高速铁路观点3——摆式列车是唯一方案

多年来围绕中国铁路高速化问题，磁浮派与轮轨派争论不休，本人则力主摆式列车。事关中国21世纪铁路高速发展的基本方向，反复讨论是非常必要的。当前，我国铁路发展的基本思路是通过引进国际先进技术提高运营速度，早日达到国际先进水平。所以我们首先要弄清楚的就是国际上铁路高速化的发展大势：高速轮轨、磁浮和摆式列车这三种高速化方案到底有着怎样的战略地位。现将本人所知的一些情况扼要叙述如下——     

技工院校一体化课改人才培养目标的分析与定位 ——以列车客运专业为例

在如火如荼的一体化课程改革中,定位好专业的人才培养目标是课改实施的落脚点,也是课改后续所有工作开展的重要依据和基础.本文以技工院校列车客运专业为例,对定位好人才培养目标的理论和现实意义、如何用科学严谨的企业行业调研方法对人才培养目标进行定位展开了分析,并从本地区的人才需求方向、通用职业能力需求及人才培养方向和层次定位出发,总结了列车客运服务专业的人才培养目标.     

城市燃气管道泄漏成因分析及对策

从腐蚀、气候、外力和管理等多方面研究了城市燃气管道的泄漏原因,得出管道事故概率曲线,提出相应的预防、控制、改进措施。     

国际列车见证中俄关系变迁

每周三，从北京开往莫斯科的深绿色国际列车都会准时出发。从上世纪50年代始发，一直到今天，这趟国际列车折射出中俄两国关系的变化。 神秘的东方列车 1954年1月28日，莫斯科与北京之间的直达列车首次通车，车次为19／20。那时乘坐这趟列车的，大多是政府官员、代表团、外交官，甚至是省部级以上首长。     

新兴脉冲弧焊技术在新型车体制造中的应用

不锈钢和铝合金以其优异的力学性能和防腐性能成为未来城轨车辆和高速列车最主要的车体材料,但这两种材料的焊接热敏感性很强、焊接性较差,给新型车体的焊接制造提出了更高的要求.研究和开发这两种材料的车体焊接工艺也显得十分必要,脉冲弧焊以其良好的焊缝质量、广泛的工艺适应性和容易实现自动化等特性已经在新型车体制造中被广泛采用.     

Cultural Studies in Black and White

Political intervention is deeply etched in the history and theory of Cultural Studies. The vehicle of intervention is typically understood as textual and the measure of success as ‘has it changed the world?’ This graphic and textual essay argues for and enacts thinking of and practising intervention more innovatively and more modestly: as equally extra-textual, and as a site for experimentation in the folds among theory, practice, and the quotidian. The author’s original black and white charcoal and pastel images are paired with text to explore the potential for an articulation of the visual and the textual to engage, convey, actualize, and produce concepts and insights of Cultural Studies. In evocative images and accessible language it enacts a new mode of engaging the theory and practice of Cultural Studies, specifically engaging concepts of articulation and assemblage, movement and things, questions of identity, the importance of affect, the power of transformation, youth cultures and resistance, The Black Lives Matter movement and matters of race, the struggles of women, the challenge of overcoming culturally engendered hatred of difference, and the difficulties of negotiating change in the precarious circumstances of contemporary culture.     

中国青年文化景观的形成轨迹与引导理路

中华人民共和国成立以来,特别是改革开放以来,青年文化发展出现服从与反思、解放与迷茫、理性与矛盾勾勒的变迁图景,也反映出新时代青年文化的发展趋向。新时代的青年文化景观既具有青年文化的预见性与超越性、进取性和建构性、理想性和生活性等共性特征,又突出表现为雅俗共赏、进退有度、家国兼顾的时代特性。新时代,应注重从个人追求与社会理想的统一、独立思想与过硬本领的统一、青春热情与社会担当的统一几方面入手,突出政治引领、思想引领、责任引领在青年文化引导上的关键作用,推动青年文化持续向前发展。     

"Disease Incarnate": Biopolitical Discourse and Genocidal Dehumanisation in the Age of Modernity

Abstract  This paper traces the development of the concept of the outgroup as a biological threat, and the relationship of this concept to the practice of genocide. The biopolitical discourse which emerged in the modern period made the practice of genocide conceivable, and constructed genocide as justifiable and as necessary. Two developments in the modern period are highlighted: firstly, the conception of the boundaried and ethnically homogenous nation-state, and secondly, new biological theories about race, and about the spread of disease. Discourse emerging from the biological sciences dehumanised outgroups both literally and metaphorically. This dehumanisation, in combination with the ideal of the homogenous nation-state and the new technologies of population, provided a justification and a motivation for genocide, and a model of implementation. Conceptions of the nature of dehumanisation as a process are examined, with specific reference to the role of language and metaphor, and to concepts of hygiene, purity and contamination. Particular attention is paid to eugenics and Social Darwinism, to the role of physicians in genocide, and to the relationship between medical and military vocabularies. The features of this discourse, its persistence, and its commonality in otherwise widely different genocidal episodes, are exposed through an examination of four twentieth-century genocides (Armenia, Nazi genocide, Cambodia, and the former Yugoslavia).     

后现代思潮对我国青少年的影响与对策

出于反思"现代性"而出现的后现代主义,目前已经发展成"带有西方色彩"的全球性社会思潮。它反对理性主义、整体主义、中心主义,主张多元价值取向,注重人文关怀,具有否定的全面性与不彻底性、价值取向的无中心性、传播形式的灵活性与多样性、行为表现的随意性等特点。后现代主义在一定程度上有助于培养我国青少年的批判性思维,有助于青少年的天性成长,但也往往易于模糊青少年的是非判断标准,侵蚀青少年积极有为的责任担当,诱使青少年养成享乐主义的生活习惯。为此,需要从强化社会主义核心价值观的引领作用、加强对西方后现代思潮的理论研究、加强人文精神和心理健康方面的教育、引领网络与大众传播方向等方面做文章。     

Perspektiven der Politischen Soziologie

On the basis of a concept of politics as social action and conflict, which focuses on the institutionalisation and deinstitutionalisation of power, the article argues for a political sociology which is interdisciplinary, methodology pluralistic, ‘eurodecentric’, and which focused on seven areas of research: the invention of non-state forms of power and their relations to the state, war, representation and legitimacy, the relationships between religion and politics, globalisation, and the rise of ‘subpolitics’, NGOs and the local.     

Racial,Ethnic, and National Boundaries: Sexual Intersections and Symbolic Interactions

Sex and race are strained, if not strange, bedfellows. Sexual depictions and denigrations of racial, ethnic, and national “others” and the regulation of in‐group sexual behavior are important mechanisms by which ethnic boundaries are constructed, maintained, and defended. Race, ethnicity, and the nation are sexualized, and sexuality is racialized, ethnicized, and nationalized. The sexual systems that prop up ethnic boundaries and define ethnic identities and communities tend to be inherently conservative blueprints for ethnosexual living. These systems stress endogamy, heterosexuality and reproduction under the rubric of traditional, often patriarchal family life for ethnic group members and tend to demonize and denigrate the sexuality of those outside ethnic boundaries or of those within ethnic communities who do not conform to heteronormative, heteroconventional models of sexuality. I present several examples of the intersections of race, ethnicity, nationalism, and sexuality/ies from U.S. and international settings, and I argue that the symbolic interaction between ethnicity and sexuality is central to their mutual constitution.     

Emigration dynamics in Bangladesh

This study of emigration dynamics opens by noting that emigration is one of the most dynamic economic and social elements in Bangladesh. The history of emigration from Bangladesh is sketched, and the level and trend of emigration is described for various destinations (especially the UK, the Middle East and North Africa, and Japan) and in terms of the socioeconomic background of migrants, channels of migration, occupations, the potential level of emigration, and applications for US Visas. The next section of the report presents the economic and demographic setting in terms of the gross national and domestic products, quality of life, the size and distribution of the population, the labor force, literacy, unemployment and underemployment, urbanization, internal migration, poverty, and income distribution. The discussion then centers on the sociopolitical setting and such factors as unmet basic human needs, the demand for expatriate workers, and emigration policy. It is concluded that the desperate economic situation in Bangladesh has combined with the demand for expatriate workers and the development of institutions to facilitate emigration. The result is increasing interest in emigration, which is fueled by mass communication highlighting the differences between the quality of life in Bangladesh and abroad.     

Locating Footbinding: Variations across Class and Space in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century China*

In this article I look at footbinding as a social and cultural practice embedded in the daily life conditions of women and their families. I sketch a picture of variations based primarily on regional and class differences in nineteenth and early twentieth century practices of footbinding and in efforts to eradicate them. The period in question is one of interest precisely because it is a time of transition. I look simultaneously at footbinding as a practice and as a target of criticism, defense, and transformation. This allows me to consider the ways in which it was practiced by women to represent, shape, and constrain their own, their daughters,' and their families' cultural, social, economic, and political lives. Relying largely on missionary journals, personal histories, diaries, and travel writing, I examine the practice and the demise of footbinding in various social and spatial locations. Although sources which permit a close look at embedded social practices of footbinding are scarce, it seems clear that both the practice of various forms of footbinding and the process of its eventual demise involved strategies, conflicts, and habits which differed along gender, class, and geographic lines of distinction. I suggest that the variety of forms the practice of footbinding took in lived experience of women's social lives is not incidental to its conceptualization and meaning, but rather central to it.     

Book Reviews

Berg, Ivar and Kalleberg, Arne L. Sourcebook of Labor Markets: Evolving Structures and Processes
Boyne, R. Risk
Castells, Manuel and Himanen, Pekka The Information Society and the Welfare State: The Finnish Model
Glasius, Marlies, Kaldor, Mary and Anheier, Helmut (eds) Global Civil Society 2002
Handel, Michael J. The Sociology of Organizations: Classic, Contemporary, and Critical Readings
Klinenberg, Eric Heat Wave: A Social Autopsy of Disaster in Chicago
Moss, Pamela and Dyck, Isabel Women, Body, Illness: Space and Identity in the Everyday Lives of Women with Chronic Illness
O'Hearn, Denis The Atlantic Economy: Britain, the US and Ireland
Perrow, Charles Organizing America: Wealth, Power, and the Origins of Corporate Capitalism
Sharot, Stephen A Comparative Sociology of World Religions: Virtuosos, Priests, and Popular Religion
Sklair, Leslie The Transnational Capitalist Class
Wagner, Peter Theorizing Modernity: Inescapability and Attainability in Social Theory     

Ergonomic and usability analysis on a sample of automobile dashboards

This is a research study based on an analysis which sets out to identify and pinpoint ergonomic and usability problems found in a sample of automobile dashboards. The sample consisted of three dashboards, of three different makes and characterized as being a popular model, an average model and a luxury model. The examination was conducted by observation, with the aid of photography, notes and open interview, questionnaires and performing tasks with users, the bases of which are on the principles laid down by methodologies. From this it was possible to point to the existence of problems such as: complaints about the layout, lighting, colors, available area, difficult access to points of interaction, such as buttons, and the difficult nomenclature of dials. Later, the findings and recommendations presented show the need for a further, deeper study, using more accurate tools, a larger sample of users, and an anthropometric study focused on the dashboard, since reading and understanding it have to be done quickly and accurately, and that more attention be given to the study of automobile dashboards, particularly in the most popular vehicles in order to maintain the standards of usability, and drivers' comfort and safety.