数字化转型背景下企业商业模式创新研究回顾与展望

本文对国内外数字化转型背景下企业商业模式创新研究文献进行了系统的整理、分析和归纳,从企业商业模式创新研究时序推进脉络、企业商业模式创新研究类型竞争脉络、数字化转型背景下企业商业模式创新的理论基础、数字化转型背景下企业商业模式创新驱动要素及要素组合及创新路径等方面全面、客观、准确地展现了数字化转型背景下企业商业模式创新研究的多种视角,旨在探索数字化转型背景下企业商业模式创新未来研究的方向。     

商业模式要素分析——以苏宁电器为例

商业模式是一个非常宽泛的概念,是战略的应用工具。它包含九大要素,各要素间有机联系,相互促进,共同构成企业的持续竞争力。苏宁电器作为家电销售企业的龙头之一,近年来,通过商业模式的创新,成功超越国美电器。以之为例,分析其在各个商业模式要素中的特点与运用,揭示商业模式要素的实践意义。     

低碳背景下制造业商业模式创新策略研究——以卡特彼勒公司为例

低碳经济要求制造企业克服经济增长与环境超载之间的矛盾,但在传统商业模式下往往无法达到"双赢"。本文以战略分析和创新理论为依据,论述了低碳约束下制造业商业模式创新的驱动因素、作用机理以及创新要素,设计了理论框架,在此基础上探讨了低碳背景下商业模式创新的难点,提出了三方面的创新策略,并通过对卡特彼勒的案例分析验证了上述策略。结果表明:制造业可以通过改造价值链以建立逆向供应链、增强服务以及构建低碳技术壁垒的方式实现商业模式创新。研究在一定程度上丰富了相关学术成果,为我国现代制造业顺应低碳经济需求提供了具有可操作性的指导。     

制造业单项冠军企业数字创新战略及其适配组态研究

数字技术是否显著冲击了企业创新活动的要素构成与资源配置关系，直接影响着制造业单项冠军企业数字创新战略的制定，也是引导制造企业在数字化情境下优化创新要素、提升资源配置效率的核心问题。基于“迈尔斯—斯诺”战略类型分析框架，使用制造业单项冠军企业上市样本数据，以多因素组态视角分析了动态能力（感知能力/整合能力）、冗余资源、环境动态性与数字创新（探索式/利用式数字创新）4个前因条件对企业绩效的组态效应，并对典型案例进行了验证性分析，研究发现：（1）存在4类能够产生高企业绩效的数字创新适配组态：“捕获—突破”型、“编排—开拓”型、“协同—共创”型与“自驱—并创”型。前两类可归纳为探索式数字创新战略模式，后两类可归纳为双元数字创新战略模式；（2）高环境动态性下，强感知能力是制造业单项冠军企业通过探索式数字创新战略模式获取高绩效的关键条件；（3）非高环境动态性下，高冗余资源与单一动态能力（感知能力/整合能力）是制造业单项冠军企业通过双元数字创新战略模式产生高绩效的关键条件；（4）科技型制造企业更倾向于探索式数字创新战略模式，而传统制造领域企业在资源充盈时更倾向于双元数字创新战略模式。本文研究结论一方...     

协同创新模式对协同效应与创新绩效的影响机理

在开放式创新背景下,协同创新已成为中小企业可持续发展的必然选择。基于国内外已有研究,区分中小企业协同创新的4种模式,即战略联盟模式、专利合作模式、研发外包模式、要素转移模式,探究中小企业协同创新模式与协同效应和创新绩效之间的关系。基于长三角都市圈16个城市的427家中小型制造业企业的实证数据,运用结构方程模型,对企业协同创新的多维模式与协同效应和创新绩效的交互关系进行识别。研究结果表明,战略联盟模式、专利合作模式、研发外包模式、要素转移模式均与企业创新绩效和企业协同效应正相关,协同效应在中小企业协同创新模式与创新绩效关系中具有显著的中介效应。     

企业风险投资、商业模式塑造与企业绩效：基于CPSEDⅡ的实证分析

区别于独立风险投资过度追求财务目标，对于同时兼具财务与战略双重目标的企业风险投资如何影响标的企业绩效现有研究莫衷一是，根本原因在于对其作用机制缺乏深入分析.本研究基于资源战略匹配理论，从商业模式角度分析了企业风险投资对标的企业绩效影响的作用机制及边界条件.基于CPSED II的955家新三板IT企业实证研究发现：企业风险投资会通过商业模式创新维度(而非效率维度)这一中介效用对标的企业绩效产生负向影响，而标的企业股权集中度会对上述中介效应存在调节作用，本研究不仅厘清了企业风险投资对标的企业绩效影响的作用机理，同时也从商业模式视角深化和扩展了公司治理研究.     

人口结构变化与社会经济发展

人口结构对于国家战略制定具有重要意义,人口结构变化深刻影响着经济增长模式、消费模式和中长期竞争力发展.揭示人口结构变化的影响因素、演化机理,研究其对全社会公共治理、商业模式等微观组织管理理论与实践的创新以及与经济社会发展的相互影响及变化规律等,具有重要的科学价值和实际意义.现阶段研究已在积极应对人口老龄化、改善教育公平与收入分配差距、人口跨区域流动等方面有了一定的成果.未来研究中,应继续关注人口结构的影响因素和演化机理、其对社会经济的影响、人口结构变迁下的公共治理政策研究,微观组织管理理论创新等问题.     

技术嵌入与数字化商业模式创新——基于飞贷金融科技的案例研究

随着数字技术的快速发展,数字化商业模式创新成为企业竞争的利器,而技术嵌入是企业内化数字技术支撑数字化商业模式创新的重要策略.本文基于飞贷金融科技的创新实践开展纵向案例研究,探究技术嵌入对数字化商业模式创新的影响.研究发现:技术嵌入包含技术整合和技术开发,两种策略在企业发展过程中经历了不同形式的演变.其中,拼凑式技术整合更有利于商业模式要素创新,而协奏式技术整合更有利于商业模式架构创新.利用式技术开发更有利于商业模式渐进创新,而探索式技术开发更有利于商业模式颠覆创新.最终,案例企业的数字化商业模式呈现出一条"流程信息化→渠道平台化→产品数字化→技术产品化"的进阶式演化路径,数字化程度相应呈现"类抛物线"的演变规律.本研究丰富了数字化商业模式创新的相关理论,并为科技型企业构建数字化商业模式提供了实践启示.     

人口结构变化与社会经济发展北大核心CSCDCSSCI

人口结构对于国家战略制定具有重要意义,人口结构变化深刻影响着经济增长模式、消费模式和中长期竞争力发展.揭示人口结构变化的影响因素、演化机理,研究其对全社会公共治理、商业模式等微观组织管理理论与实践的创新以及与经济社会发展的相互影响及变化规律等,具有重要的科学价值和实际意义.现阶段研究已在积极应对人口老龄化、改善教育公平与收入分配差距、人口跨区域流动等方面有了一定的成果.未来研究中,应继续关注人口结构的影响因素和演化机理、其对社会经济的影响、人口结构变迁下的公共治理政策研究,微观组织管理理论创新等问题.     

决策逻辑对新创企业绩效作用机制研究：商业模式创新的中介作用

新创企业的成长机制一直是学术界探讨的热点。基于商业模式创新理论,分析了决策逻辑对新创企业绩效的影响机理,构建了理论模型,并基于251家样本企业数据进行验证。研究发现,两种决策逻辑均通过商业模式创新的中介作用正向影响新创企业绩效,竞争强度在其间起调节作用,在竞争强度高的情境下,因果逻辑及效果逻辑的可承受损失原则和柔性原则对商业模式创新的正向影响会增强,但是效果逻辑的试验原则和先前承诺原则对商业模式创新的正向影响则会被削弱。     

Internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship: business models for new technology-based firms

New technology-based firms, particularly those that develop their business around a new technological platform, are likely to be impacted by globalization, in terms of both pace of innovation and pressure of competition. For these firms, strategic decisions and growth processes are characterized by a deep inter-relationship amongst the processes of internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship; processes which have tended to be examined independently in distinct bodies of literature. In practice strategic decisions concern each of these processes and address issues such as organizational boundaries, location of the operational activities, what activities to focus on and selection of value partners. The business model by which firms operate needs also to accommodate the spatial dimensions indicated by globalization; and the emergence of global technology markets. Little is known to date about the extent to which business models accommodate or are adapted to internationalization, innovation and entrepreneurship. This paper presents a review of the business model literature from which a generic business model framework is derived, identifying and introducing the main elements of these processes as the firms?? focus, modus and locus. This contribution makes a clear distinction between the business model and the strategy concepts and highlights the relevance of location decisions??not considered by extant business model literature to date. While our discussion draws on the high technology new venture as our primary example, we believe our business model conceptualization has general applicability.     

整合能力与企业绩效：商业模式创新的中介作用

经济全球化的背景下,企业为了构建竞争优势,获取更好的绩效,开始利用整合能力和商业模式创新应对多变的外部环境。然而,当前研究对于两者之间存在何种联系的认识是模糊的。针对理论研究的缺陷,基于动态能力的理论视角,通过分析商业模式创新对整合能力与企业绩效的中介作用,揭示企业整合能力和商业模式创新促进企业绩效提高的内在机制,采用中国6省1市319个企业样本数据,运用线性回归的统计方法对理论假设进行实证检验。研究结果表明,整合能力和商业模式创新都对企业绩效具有正向的促进作用,同时整合能力与企业绩效之间存在着一定的中间机制。整合能力通过提高组织变革和价值创造效率两个方面促进商业模式创新,而商业模式创新作为中间纽带将整合能力与企业绩效联系起来。企业的整合能力越高,越有利于开展商业模式创新,进而促进企业绩效的提高。研究揭示了整合能力和商业模式创新共同促进企业绩效提高的内在理论机制,打开了能力与绩效间关系的“黑箱”,对于中国企业开展商业模式创新具有重要的实践指导意义。     

基于SEM和B-Z反应的集成供应链合作创新机制与动态演化研究——集成供应链关系质量视角

随着供应链与互联网、物联网深度融合，集成供应链企业间合作创新成为企业创造新模式、开拓新市场的重要路径。为揭示在集成供应链环境特征影响下，集成供应链企业间合作创新中集成供应链集成度、知识协同能力与合作创新绩效之间的作用机制，基于复杂系统理论，借鉴B-Z反应模型，在运用SEM模型对集成供应链企业间合作创新静态机制实证研究基础上，进一步构建三维Logistic动态分析模型，探索集成供应链企业间合作创新动态演进机制。结果表明：集成供应链集成度和知识协同能力对集成供应链企业间合作创新绩效有显著正向影响；集成供应链形成初期，集成度对合作创新绩效的影响效果更为明显；长期而言，在不同集成供应链关系质量作用下，知识协同能力的作用举足轻重，提高知识协同能力有利于合作创新绩效持续提升。     

The role of absorptive capacity and innovation strategy in the design of industry 4.0 business Models - A comparison between SMEs and large enterprises

Technological innovations often lead to redesigns in the business models of established companies, requiring them to incorporate new external knowledge into internal activities. Against this background, this study integrates the concepts of business model design, absorptive capacity, and innovation strategy into a novel research model, which analyzes the redesign of established business models in response to the emergence of Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0, also known as the Industrial Internet of Things, constitutes a contemporary research context that is highly relevant for corporate practice but scarcely regarded in management literature until now. The article contains an analysis of data from 221 German industrial enterprises, conducted through structural equation modeling, with separate data for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and large enterprises. First, the results indicate that the acquisition, assimilation, transformation, and exploitation of knowledge from the environment enable companies to engage in both exploratory and exploitative innovation strategies. Furthermore, the paper includes an evaluation of the role of exploratory and exploitative innovation strategies that reflects in efficiency-centered and novelty-centered business model designs. The distinct characteristics differentiating SMEs from large enterprises are also explained. The implications of absorptive capacity on innovation strategies, which influence the redesign of extant business models, are discussed from a research and managerial perspective.     

基于Shapley值法的商务模式创新价值分享

商务模式的价值创造活动正逐步由个体企业的行为演变为主体企业、伙伴和客户的共同努力。只有以合理的价值分享为前提的价值获取才能保证商务模式创新的价值得以持续创造,保证商务模式创新的成功。基于Shapley值法对商务模式创新后的价值增值在主体企业和其他利益相关者之间进行分享,比较各个参与主体价值增值的大小,得到合理价值分享的条件。研究结果表明,对商务模式创新没有直接贡献的利益相关者也可能分享到创新的价值,但不同创新结果价值分享的对象和数量是不一样的,创新结果参数的变化会不同程度影响分享的价值,为了更好地提高各个利益相关者参与创新的积极性,有必要针对不同创新的结果调整分享的价值。     

O2O商业模式的创新导向:效率还是价值?——基于O2O创业失败样本的实证研究

商业模式创新是创业企业实现价值创造和竞争优势的重要路径。本文立足于O2O创业失败这一中国典型商业实践,基于服务主导逻辑和互联网经济学的理论基础,从商业模式创新及价值创造视角剖析O2O创业失败归因,并以实证研究方法重点探讨商业模式创新导向与O2O创业失败的关系。首先,引入效率型和价值型商业模式作为O2O商业模式的两类创新导向,在创业环境和行业竞争的调节作用下,构建其与创业失败的理论框架;然后,选取存续时间为2013~2016年的部分O2O创业失败企业作为研究样本,通过清科、Wind、投中等数据库以及IT桔子等互联网渠道获取大量样本信息,借鉴文本挖掘及案例调查法进行数字化评级以准确测度相关构念,并建立层次回归模型对理论假设进行实证检验。研究表明：O2O商业模式的效率性和价值性越高,新创企业就越不容易失败;创业环境越好,采用效率型商业模式的企业就越不容易失败;行业竞争强度越高,采用价值型商业模式的企业就越不容易失败,而采用效率型商业模式的企业却更容易失败。本文在进一步丰富商业模式创新类型及创业失败归因相关研究的同时,对O2O新创企业降低创业失败风险也具有一定启示作用。     

IT驱动的商业模式创新机理与路径研究

从IT驱动的视角剖析了IT成为企业商业模式创新内生力量的作用机理,并提出了IT驱动的商业模式创新路径,最后得出相关商业模式创新的启示。旨在探寻除技术创新、产品创新之外的另一企业升级之路,对我国本土企业在当前全球化和信息化环境中把握机遇、提升创新能力具有借鉴意义。     

A Business Model Innovation Typology

An effective business model is the core enabler of any company's performance. Business model innovation is not only becoming more and more important due to increasing and globalizing competition, but also an enormous challenge, both theoretically and practically. Although many managers are eager to consider more disruptive changes to their business model, they often do not know how to articulate their existing or desired business model and, even less so, understand the possibilities for innovating it. One of the steps toward developing more theoretical insight and practical guidelines is the identification of types and the development of a typology of business model innovations. Ten retrospective case studies of business model innovations undertaken by two industrial companies provide the empirical basis for this article. We analyzed the characteristics of these innovations as well as their success rates. The findings suggest that there are indeed various business model innovation types, each with its own characteristics and challenges.     

Shortcomings in the Measurement of Innovation: Implications for Accounting Standard Setting

Innovation is nowadays a fundamental determinant of value creation in business companies and economic growth. Therefore, the measurement of innovation has become a significant concern both for business companies and governments. Traditionally, attempts to measure innovation have adopted a macroeconomic approach, as they have been largely based on broad surveys. However, no attempt has been made to date in order to complement the information provided by such surveys with aggregated data obtained from the financial reports of individual companies. This paper analyses the conceptual and methodological problems underlying the measurement of business innovation by means of surveys and discusses the lack of ability of accounting standards to accurately reflect innovative activities in the financial statements of business firms.In the light of the evidence provided by the empirical studies published to date, we analyse the Spanish situation by reviewing innovation studies conducted by the National Institute of Statistics (INE), and assessing the relationship between the value relevance of accounting information and the firm's technological level. Our results suggest that both, micro- and macroeconomic approaches towards the measurement of innovation have significant shortcomings. Thus, a joint effort seems to be needed in order to overcome the methodological limitations affecting innovation studies based on surveys and those relying on financial accounting information. Despite their limitations, surveys provide a sound basis for the identification of trends, key factors and explanatory variables. On the other hand, financial statements could provide a sound basis for the measurement of innovation if they included more relevant information on the intangible determinants of the value of companies. This has obvious implications for the standard setting process.     

An organizational approach for the study of the diffusion of process innovation strategies in internal auditing and control systems

Davenport (1993a) has pointed out that the diffusion of innovation approach as a behavioral process change has been limited to the study of how new information technology can be successfully adopted, rather than “how innovation can improve organizational performance.” This article extends Davenport's challenge to bridge this research gap by applying the diffusion of innovation approach to study accounting and control systems as an administrative process innovation approach to improve business performance. We chose to study internal auditing because it constitutes an important aspect of an administrative process innovation program that is critical for improving business performance programs.