译员涉外接待的准备和礼节

译员应该熟悉涉外接待准备工作和涉外礼仪,应该具有跨文化交际的意识和敏感性,从而先于中外主宾双方预感、理解、宽容和灵活处理各自在管理方式、文化传统、价     

餐桌上的礼节

吃饭时 ,不要将两个胳膊张得太开。否则 ,会妨碍坐在左右的人。吃饭端碗。切忌弯身把嘴伸到桌上饭碗里吃饭 ,这既不文明又不卫生。不要将手伸得很长去夹自己爱吃的菜 ,或带头先吃主菜。往嘴里送食物 ,不要将嘴张得太大或舌头伸得太长。席间谈话嘴里不要含着食物 ,说话时尽量不要面对客人或口对菜碗 ,防止口中的食渣和唾沫飞溅席面。客人夹菜时 ,不要用眼睛看客人 ,也不要用眼睛盯着菜碗。嚼食不要发出声响 ,也不要两腮鼓起。吃完饭后不要用手指去剔牙。餐桌上的礼节@黄裕中     

礼节繁多的韩国人

韩国素有“礼仪之国”的雅称，日常生活中礼节繁多，这既有本民族传统的原因，也由于受东西方文化影响所致。 韩国人与宾客初次见面或与朋友久别重逢时，往往都是一面致鞠躬礼，一面说“初次见面，非常高兴！”或“好久不见了，一向可好？”对于初次见面者，都是一面问候，一面递上自己的名片。此时，对方亦应回赠名片。在接到对方名片时，一定要认真阅看，有时还读出声音来，以示对对方的尊重。 韩国人到别人家做客，一般要备礼品，特别是到有老人的家中做客，一定要为老人送上礼品，这与韩国传统的敬老风俗不无关系。倘若到有老人的朋友家…     

拜访外国人的礼节

拜年的礼仪。拜年的时间选择要妥当。如有必要。可先向主人报信，避免空跑一次。如不准备吃饭，最佳时间是上午九时至十一时之间。过早。可能人家还未起床。节日都有休息的习惯；太迟。正适人家吃饭，不方便。下午应以一时至五时之间为宜。向长辈拜年，最好安排在节日内，以示敬重。拜年要注意衣着整洁。适当穿上一些好衣服，给人一种节日的美感。要讲究称呼的规范化。要事先对可能碰到的长辈、同辈的称呼有所了解，以免出现尴尬的场面，使人感到不够礼貌。     

加拿大的社交礼节

约会 加拿大人认为守时是人基本的素养。约会一定要准时。如果你不得已而迟到,最好先打电话通知对方,并告诉你将会到达的时间,对方会欣赏你的做法。 排队 加拿大人习惯拥有较大的个人空间。例如在使用银行自动提款机的人,在他后面的人要保持几尺的距离。推推碰碰别人是极不礼貌的举动。一般人都习惯于在购物付款、银行存款和等车时排队。即使没有一条正式的人龙,也要遵守先到先得的规     

各国的见面礼节

俄罗斯：俄罗斯人与人初次见面时握手为礼,同时报出自己的姓名。朋友之间见面问候时,通常拥抱和亲吻面颊。保加利亚：见面时通常握手为礼。捷克：对有专业头衔的人,例如医生或教授,称呼时要在他的姓氏前加上头衔。比利时：见面时亲吻面颊三次,两颊交替着吻。见到男人与男人拥抱不要大惊小怪。丹麦：男女都一样握手。     

社交场合的介绍礼节

编辑朋友：您好！我是一个离开学校走入社会不久的青年，很想对社交礼节的一些问题有所了解，特别是社交场合中的“介绍”方面，更需知道得具体些。望您不吝赐教。石家庄田牧田牧先生：您好！关于社交礼节方面的问题，内容很多，范围极广，我想这次就专门谈谈您很想了解的“介绍”问题。在社交场合中，介绍与被介绍是很重要的一环，它使新的朋友相识，新的友谊形成，甚至新的事业开始。首先谈谈介绍的原则。一般来说，社交场合中的介绍，是年轻的或后辈的被介绍给年长的或前辈的，男性被介绍给女性，当然丈夫介绍妻子给别人则属例外了。具体…     

出席文体演出的礼节

台湾人在礼仪交往、相互馈赠方面有不少规矩和禁忌，这些风俗大多是从(祖籍地)闽南移植来的。不过受到台湾环境和历史背景的影响，也有其独特的地方特色。     

宴会上的饮酒礼节

正正式宴会上,服务员的打开酒瓶后,先要倒上一点递给主人品尝,主人应先饮一小口仔细品评,然后再尝一口,感到所上的酒完全符合要求时,再向服务员示意,可以给客人们斟酒了。斟酒的顺序是先主后宾,然后才是其他客人。斟酒时,酒杯应放在餐桌上,酒瓶不要碰到杯     

Methodological considerations in the use of name generators and interpreters

With data from the Clergy Health Initiative Longitudinal Survey, we look for interviewer effects, differences between web and telephone delivery, and panel conditioning bias in an “important matters” name generator and interpreter, replicated from the U.S. General Social Survey. We find evidence of phone interviewers systematically influencing the number of confidants named, we observe that respondents assigned to the web survey reported a larger number of confidants, and we uncover strong support for panel conditioning. We discuss the possible mechanisms behind these observations and conclude with a brief discussion of the implications of our findings for similar studies.     

Informalization and contemporary manners: The Wouters studies

This is a discussion of two books by Cas Wouters, Sex and Manners: Female Emancipation in the West 1890–2000 (London: Sage, 2004), and Informalization: Manners and Emotions since 1890 (Sage, forthcoming 2007, English version).

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A preliminary investigation of the roles and backgrounds of school interpreters: Implications for training and recruiting

The backgrounds and roles of school interpreters who provide interpretation services for limited English proficient students were investigated through a survey study. The results are based on a total of 89 interpreters working in schools throughout New York State. A total of 29 languages were represented in the two samples of interpreters with Spanish being the most frequently used language. Most of the interpreters had Bachelors Degrees or higher but very few had any formal training in interpretation. The results suggest that most interpreters work on a part-time basis. The interpreters reported providing services for a number of different school personnel while fulfilling numerous roles that included interpreting during assessment sessions as well as during parent meetings. The implications of the findings are discussed from the perspectives of the training and recruiting of school interpreters. The limitations of the findings are also examined.     

The Functions and Dysfunctions of Preparations for Fighting Nuclear War

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to provide a survey of the functions and dysfunctions of the nuclear arms race on American society. The analysis of the positive functions does not serve as a justification for the status quo, but is undertaken to point out the numerous constraints mitigating against change. The dysfunctions of U.S. nuclear war preparations are explicitly considered here to point out the direct, indirect and opportunity costs of adhering to a policy of extended deterrence. The juxtaposition of both functions and dysfunctions provides insights concerning potential sources of change and policy alternatives that may decrease the negative consequences without weakening U.S. national security.     

利马市筹建BRT

<正>快速公共汽车运输系统(bus rapid transit system,简称BRT),是当今国内、外许多大城市为解决其道路交通拥堵,公交车辆运营速率缓慢而采取的一项新措施。BRT投资省、上马快、效果好。本文介绍利马市(Lima)筹建BRT的一些情况。     

User involvement and empowerment among asylum seekers in Norwegian reception centres

A considerable amount of literature has been published on conditions in reception centres for asylum seekers. The previous studies show that the life of residents in the centres is characterised by uncertainty, passivity, powerlessness and gradual disqualification. Drawing from data collected from asylum seekers and service providers in Norwegian reception centres, this article examines the tools used to counteract these processes. The article maintains that organised activities, such as language courses and user involvement in the form of cooperative councils, have an impact on the empowerment of asylum seekers. However, user motivation for participation and involvement in these arrangements is undermined, due to residents' responses on factors which operate both at the structural and relational level. The findings and questions raised in the article have wider implications for social work with asylum seekers in other European countries, as well as for current efforts being made by EU countries to regulate reception conditions for asylum seekers. Among other things, the authors relate their findings to reception standards as defined in the EU Directive on Reception Conditions for asylum seekers.