职场排斥对员工职外绩效的影响:组织认同和工作投入的中介效应

在中国组织情境下探讨职场排斥对员工职外绩效的影响以及组织认同和工作投入在该影响过程中的中介作用.采用问卷法,以珠三角地区企业组织的员工和直接主管为调查对象,使用结构方程模型分析职场排斥、组织认同、工作投入与职外绩效之间的关系.研究表明,职场排斥对员工职外绩效的工作奉献和人际促进两个维度均具有显著的负向影响,说明在中国组织情境下职场排斥会抑制员工的职外绩效;组织认同和工作投入在职场排斥与工作奉献之间具有完全中介效应,在职场排斥与人际促进之间起部分中介作用.研究结果有助于揭开职场排斥影响职外绩效的黑箱,对于管理实践具有较强的启示意义.     

员工社会化、组织认同与组织公民行为——基于中国科技制造企业的实证研究

组织社会化的策略、内容及其对员工态度和行为影响的研究已经比较丰富,但在结果变量上对组织公民行为的分析和实证研究都很不足。本文选取了组织社会化中的历史、语言、价值观和目标社会化三项内容,考察它们对组织公民行为的影响及其机制,尤其是组织认同在其中的中介作用。层级回归、结构方程建模分析的结果表明,历史、语言、价值观和目标社会化正向影响组织公民行为,组织认同在语言、价值观和目标社会化与组织公民行为的关系中起完全中介作用,在历史社会化与组织公民行为的关系中起部分中介作用。     

基于集体主义情境的变革型领导、组织承诺与离职倾向研究

在构建变革型领导对离职倾向影响的中介模型,以及分析水平-垂直集体主义背景下组织承诺中介作用的基础上,对东北和华北地区10家企业的202名管理者和员工进行问卷调查,采用层次回归等方法进行研究分析。结果表明,组织承诺在变革型领导和离职倾向之间起部分中介作用,不同集体主义背景影响变革型领导对离职倾向的作用路径;在水平集体主义背景下,持续承诺中介了变革型领导对离职倾向的影响;在垂直集体主义背景下,情感承诺和规范承诺中介了变革型领导对离职倾向的作用路径。鉴于此,组织需要根据员工集体主义导向的差异,通过采用不同的激励措施以提高员工的组织承诺,降低离职倾向。     

职场排斥对员工亲组织性非伦理行为的影响机制研究

员工在工作场所从事非伦理行为具有多方面的原因,可能是有利于自己,也可能是为了报复或伤害组织和同事。根据这一逻辑,已有研究就职场排斥诱发的员工非伦理行为都是建立在利己动机的假设基础之上,而对于员工的利组织动机的非伦理行为研究不足。实际上,面对职场排斥,员工很可能采取积极的补救措施对人际关系进行主动修复,其中从事亲组织性质的非伦理行为就是一个重要的修复行为。基于道德自我调节理论和社会认同理论的视角,以道德推脱为中介变量,以组织认同为调节变量,检验职场排斥对员工亲组织性非伦理行为的内在影响机理。采用SPSS 18.0和AMOS 18.0进行多元线性回归和验证性因子分析,通过上下级配对调查的方式,收集来自武汉和上海5家企业的调研数据,并进行实证分析。研究结果表明,(1)职场排斥对员工的亲组织性非伦理行为具有显著的正向影响;(2)道德推脱在职场排斥与亲组织性非伦理行为的关系中发挥完全中介作用;(3)组织认同在职场排斥与道德推脱的关系中发挥正向调节作用;(4)组织认同在职场排斥与亲组织性非伦理行为的关系中发挥正向调节效应。通过实证研究证实了理论界较为忽视的亲组织性非伦理行为,检验了员工亲组织性非伦理行为的发生机制和高度的组织认同的调节效应,证明员工在遭遇职场排斥时通过亲组织性非伦理行为来应对是一个重要的理性选择,组织认同度较高的员工在面对职场排斥时更容易发生道德推脱问题和亲组织性非伦理行为,验证了组织认同的"阴暗面"。研究结论为组织对员工非伦理行为的权变管理提供了有益的启示,提醒管理者警惕职场排斥的原因及其负面影响,并建立科学的组织制度,鼓励高组织认同的员工采取符合伦理规范的行为回报组织。     

基于组织认同中介作用的集体主义对工作幸福感的多层次影响研究

在302份员工问卷和34份团队样本的基础上,采取多层线性回归的方法,探讨了团队层次的集体主义氛围和个体层次的集体主义导向对工作幸福感的影响机制,以及集体主义氛围对集体主义导向和组织认同关系的调节影响。研究发现,个体的集体主义导向和团队集体主义氛围对员工的工作幸福感均有显著正向影响;组织认同在集体主义导向和工作幸福感之间起部分中介作用,在集体主义氛围和工作幸福感之间起完全中介的作用。与此同时,集体主义氛围正向调节了集体主义导向对组织认同的作用。     

组织公民行为的价值取向研究

长期以来研究者分别以志愿主义价值取向和功利主义价值取向构建组织公民行为的伦理基础,本文整合了志愿主义和功利主义,提出了一个整合模型。运用结构方程模型,利用297份配对问卷检验了整合模型,研究结果发现:(1)个人—组织匹配和领导—部属交换对员工组织公民行为均有提升作用,员工做出组织公民行为的动机应该是多样的,兼具志愿主义和功利主义两种价值取向;(2)组织认同和对领导的满意度分别在个人—组织匹配、领导—部属交换与组织公民行为间起完全中介作用;(3)领导—部属交换通过对领导的满意度对员工组织公民行为的中介效应要远远大于个人—组织匹配通过组织认同对员工组织公民行为的中介效应。     

CEO变革型领导行为、组织认同与组织惯例更新:集体主义倾向的调节效应

数字化时代,组织惯例更新是企业数字化转型,获取竞争优势的基础,也是组织惯例理论和管理实践关注的焦点。基于社会认同理论,本文以中高层管理者为研究对象,探讨CEO变革型领导行为影响组织惯例更新的机制和情境。通过统计软件SPSS和AMOS对203份高管团队及中层管理者匹配的数据分析发现：CEO变革型领导行为对中层管理者组织认同和组织惯例更新具有正向影响作用,中层管理者组织认同在CEO变革型领导行为与组织惯例更新的关系间起到中介作用。中层管理者集体主义倾向不仅调节了组织认同与组织惯例更新之间的关系,还进一步调节了组织认同在CEO变革型领导行为与组织惯例更新之间关系中的中介效用,即中层管理者集体主义倾向越低,CEO变革型领导行为通过组织认同对组织惯例更新的间接影响作用越强。研究结论有利于深入探讨CEO变革型领导行为影响组织惯例更新的中介机制和情境,并有效指导企业的组织惯例更新实践。     

中韩家长式领导与组织支持感及组织公民行为之间关系的比较研究

本文以问卷调查了某韩国在华跨国公司356名普通员工,探讨了组织支持感在家长式领导与员工组织公民行为之间的中介作用以及中韩两国的差异。结果显示,组织支持感在仁慈、德行领导与组织公民行为之间起部分中介作用;与中国员工相比,韩国员工对仁慈领导与员工组织公民行为之间关系的感知更为敏感。     

组织社会化与员工行为绩效——基于个人—组织匹配视角的纵向实证研究

作为人力资源管理实践的重要内容,组织社会化(organizational socialization)是促进员工适应组织并提升其行为绩效的关键因素,但是组织社会化对员工行为绩效影响过程的作用机制如何,目前国内外相关研究还没有形成一致结论。本研究采用纵向实证研究方法,以我国249名新进企业员工作为调查对象,通过历时一年的跟踪调查,就组织社会化、个人—组织匹配、员工绩效和组织公民行为之间关系的模型进行了探索与验证,考察了在不同时期组织社会化影响员工绩效及组织公民行为的内在作用机制。研究发现,随着时间的变化,组织社会化对员工绩效及组织公民行为的影响效应呈现有规律性变化。对于工作绩效,随着员工组织社会化进程的推进,组织社会化对员工绩效的影响从直接效应转变为完全中介效应;对于组织公民行为,随着员工组织社会化进程的推进,组织社会化对员工组织公民行为的影响从原来的部分中介效应转变为完全中介效应。     

领导情绪智力对员工组织认同、组织公民行为影响的跨层分析

本文探讨了领导感知自我情绪智力、员工感知领导情绪智力与员工组织公民行为之间的跨层关系.并且在不同层次上讨论了领导情绪智力对员工组织认同、组织公民行为的影响,同时分析了领导情绪智力对组织公民行为的影响机制.研究通过对九家制造业企业的70个团队的领导与员工的问卷调查发现,领导感知自我情绪智力跨层调节员工感知领导情绪智力与组织公民行为、组织认同之间的关系.且在单层模型与多层模型中,组织认同都是员工感知领导情绪智力与组织公民行为之间的完全中介变量.当员工感知领导情绪智力大到某一范围时,领导感知自我情绪智力正向调节员工感知领导情绪智力与组织公民行为之间的关系.而当员工感知领导情绪智力低于某一范围时,领导感知自我情绪智力反而负向调节这一关系.     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.