Make or buy? That’s the question!

The author discusses the question if and in which HR processes, tools or programs the implementation of an internal coach pool makes sense or where companies should continue to buy this service from the external market. For this purpose the article introduces a definition of internal Coaching. The central concept of this outline is a blueprint of an offering of internal or external coaching. The author presents a generic model for the analyzing the risks of such a project, which increases the probability of a decision which leads in the right direction. The author concludes that internal coaching makes sense in specific settings e.g. in order to ensure the ROI of learning opportunities. If this however in every situation has to be called “Coaching” should be discussed in the context of another essay.     

How can MNEs benefit from internationalizing their R&D across countries with both weak and strong IPR protection?

Although MNEs internationalize their R&D not only in developed countries but also in emerging economies that typically feature weak protection of intellectual property rights (IPR), it remains unclear how this strategic decision affects their productivity performance. This limitation has resulted in a rather incomplete understanding of why some MNEs become more productive through R&D internationalization while others do not. This study develops a new explanation, suggesting that R&D internationalization does not affect the productivity of all MNEs equally because of differences in the idiosyncratic way in which MNEs geographically distribute their R&D units across weak and strong IPR protection countries. In advancing this explanation, the study challenges the view that weak IPR protection is disadvantageous for MNEs by showing that (and specifying how) it: 1) increases the efficacy of MNEs' internal R&D, 2) strengthens the advantages of accessing globally dispersed knowledge, and (3) improves MNEs' ability to exploit cross-country differences in IPR protection. The study enhances understanding of the complex role of IPR protection, shifts scholarly attention from the degree of R&D internationalization to how MNEs should internationalize their R&D, and clarifies how the IPR context of their location choices matters.     

政府R&D资助与企业R&D行为的影响因素——基于系统动力学研究

本文采用系统动力学工具对政府RD资助与企业RD行为的影响因素进行探讨,结果表明:政府RD投入会产生杠杆效应带动企业自身研发投入,但企业对政府RD投入的过度依赖则会因挤出效应对企业自身RD投入产生负面影响;而市场集中度、项目风险改善程度及行业技术特性可能是影响二者关系的重要因素。     

Strategic implication of objectives—Growth,profit or both?

In describing firm's behaviour, theories of firms assume various relationships (positive, nil or negative correlation) between the most commonly used economic objectives, namely growth rate and profitability, but the universal and global validity of their assumptions is yet to be evidenced. Using data of some 900 firms listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange through the period 1966–1983, this article demonstrates that the relationship between growth and profit varies not only by industry, but also dynamically according to the time period, and that in Japan at least, more industry sectors have come to show a positive correlation between the two measurements. Finally, strategic implications of the findings are discussed.     

美国R&D体系与联邦政府科技经费管理

美国的科技体制是多元分散型的典型代表,多年来形成了比较稳定的科技经费管理模式.立法、司法、行政三个系统均不同程度的涉及科技管理,宪法赋予国会立法权和预算审批权,凡不涉及科学技术的政策预算、机构的设置与撤销、重要规章制度的制订,均须经过国会批准方为有效.联邦政府主要运用投资机制和其他经济、法律手段促进科学技术发展,如政府预算、政府采购、各种规章制度和税收优惠等.     

首都R&D占比已达5.85%

正首都科技发展战略研究院日前发布"首都科技创新发展指数2013"显示——RD经费内部支出相当于地区生产总值比例(%)     

R&D/市场营销界面管理的实证研究

本文讨论了R&D/市场营销界面管理研究的概念框架。在此基础上对北京地区企业进行了大规模的R&D/市场营销界面管理实证研究,应用主因素及方差分析等数据分析技术,归纳出界面管理有关的四个主要因素,并对界面管理与企业技术战略关系及部门间对界面管理因素认识上的差异进行了深入分析。
     

Complements or substitutes? The contingent role of corporate reputation on the interplay between internal R&D and external knowledge sourcing

Existing research does not provide a clear answer to the question of whether internal knowledge development and external knowledge sourcing are complementary or substitutive innovation activities. This paper adopts a contingent approach for addressing this issue by examining whether and how the interactive effect of internal R&D efforts and external knowledge sourcing on product innovation performance may be affected by the firm’s corporate reputation. In doing so, a three-way interaction model is applied to a sample of 251 Spanish high-technology manufacturing firms. Interestingly, initial results support the substitutive argument: the positive effect of internal R&D on product innovation performance diminishes as the exposure to external knowledge increases. However, in well reputed companies, interaction becomes positive, revealing a complementary effect. Thus, the study extends the traditional approach focused on determining whether internal and external knowledge sourcing are complements or substitutes by showing that their interplay depends on other firm-specific characteristics. Moreover, identifying corporate reputation as a source of complementarity between both activities provides an additional explanation of how corporate reputation contributes to a more effective management of knowledge assets.     

Complementarity between CSR dimensions and innovation: behaviour,objective or both?

This research assesses the impact of combining the economic, social and environmental dimensions of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) on firm innovation. In particular, we test whether the three dimensions of CSR (economic, social and environmental) are interrelated (behavioural complementarity), and whether their joined adoption will generate super-additive innovation performance effects (objective complementarity). To that end, we draw on the Community Innovation Survey (CIS) for Spain during the period 2009–2014. The analyses confirm behavioural complementarity among the three dimensions of CSR, as well as differences on objective complementarities depending on the innovation performance measure considered. In particular, the combination of the social dimension with any of the two others (economic and environmental) is the one that gives the best results in terms of radical innovation, whereas both the economic and environmental dimensions of CSR seem to be fundamental to foster incremental innovation. These results have implications for academics and practitioners, since they provide useful guidelines for the design of CSR in order to enhance firm innovation.     

R&D投入要素产出弹性的变化及分析

运用中国大中型工业企业的面板数据,在知识生产函数模型中增加企业规模、产权结构、企业绩效交互项,研究RD产出的影响因素。研究发现:(1)2003—2011年与1993—2002年相比,RD的资本产出弹性下降,劳动产出弹性上升。(2)随企业规模的增加,企业绩效对RD产出的影响为负。(3)随着企业绩效的增加,国有产权比重对研发产出有正影响。     

债务约束下的企业广告与R&D投资研究

本文以Brander和Lewis的资本结构产业组织理论为基础,结合资本市场与产品市场,分析了企业负债与广告投资、R&D投资之间的关系。通过模型推导提出理论命题,并运用我国沪深两市A股上市公司数据进行验证得到相关结论。研究结果显示负债对企业广告投入存在刺激作用而对R&D投资存在抑制效应。企业广告投入与R&D投入行为存在明显的行业差异,制造业企业两种投入相对均衡,非制造业企业通常偏好于二者之一。企业广告与R&D投入之间相互影响,制造业两种投资之间存在互补关系,而非制造业两种投资之间存在替代关系。负债对企业广告与R&D投资行为的影响存在差异,并且不同债务类型的影响同样存在差异。本研究可进一步促进资本结构产业组织理论的发展,同时为企业改善广告与R&D投资策略提供理论和经验依据。     

Do women directors contribute to R&D? The role of critical mass and expert power

Journal of Management and Governance - The paper provides insights into the implications for innovation input of having women on company boards. It sheds light on the effects of critical mass and...     

What effect does the aggregate industrial R&D offshoring have on you? A multilevel study

The present study argues that R&D offshoring is not only a matter of firm's decision as in previous literature, but also has an important industrial externality component. For a sample of manufacturing and services industries in the period 2005–15, I study the externalities coming from R&D offshorers in a given industry and the heterogeneous effects of enterprises' internal knowledge base characteristics. The evidence points to offshoring externality (OE) presenting an inverted U-shape with respect to the firms' innovative processes. However, firms with higher levels of human capital and/or internal R&D investments obtain higher returns coming from the OE. Overall, it seems that a strategy (R&D offshoring) that is highly beneficial for enterprises individually, might be also optimal for the Spanish economy.     

相互关联R&D网络风险传播控制模型构建与仿真

考虑到风险传播可能会对研发网络造成严重后果,本文从界定风险负荷、定义风险容量、建立风险触发规则三方面,构建了相互关联R&D网络风险传播模型。在此基础上,从微观视角提出基于网络内部企业间风险分担机制的失效企业修复策略,从宏观视角提出通过外界力量投入修复已失效企业策略。进一步地,结合风险传播特征,提出了通过消除风险触发期望最大、风险触发期望最小、风险触发概率最大和风险触发概率最小四种失效边修复策略。仿真结果表明：微观视角与宏观视角下的风险控制策略均可有效提高研发网络面对风险传播时的鲁棒性;消除已发生风险集合中的风险个数越多,研发网络面对风险传播时的鲁棒性越高;四种修复策略中,风险触发期望最大与风险触发概率最大修复策略的控制效果最佳,其次为风险触发期望最小与触发概率最小修复策略。研究成果对于网络化背景下的研发风险管理具有一定借鉴意义。     

Do R&D activities foster globalization of young innovative companies? Empirical evidence from the Italian energy industry

Although executives and scholars interested in “globalization” and “R&D activities” mainly focus their attention on corporations, the relevance that young innovative companies – YICs are assuming is compelling them to redefine their focus. With reference to YICs, some scholars investigate the influence of globalization on R&D activities, while others inquire the impact of R&D activities on their globalization. This paper shares the second approach and sets out to investigate whether and to what extent R&D activities managed by YICs affect their globalization.By enacting Law n. 221/2012, the Italian Government has posed particular attention on YICs. Accordingly, primary and second-hand data concerning 2070 Italian YICs with high technological value in the energy industry – YICsei and 12,278 Italian YICs (operating in other industries) are used to carry out stochastic frontier analyses – SFAs. These allow testing whether R&D activities (measured through investments, personnel, and outputs) foster the globalization of these firms. SFAs reveal that none of the three factors affects the globalization of Italian YICsei; instead, R&D personnel and R&D outputs foster the globalization of Italian YICs.Achieved results open new research avenues about the impact of R&D activities on the globalization of YICs.