上市公司融资约束的大股东代理问题研究

在代理理论的基础上,文章介绍了上市公司融资约束的大股东代理问题.事实证明,上市公司的融资约束明显高于未上市的公司;自然人控制的上市公司比国有集团控股的上市公司面临更大的的融资约束问题.     

Adolescents’ perception of peer groups: Psychological,behavioral, and relational determinants

Adolescents’ social cognitive understanding of their social world is often inaccurate and biased. Focusing on peer groups, this study examines how adolescents’ psychological, behavioral, and relational characteristics influence the extent to which they accurately identify their own and others’ peer groups. Analyses were conducted with a sample of 1481 seventh- and tenth-grade Chinese students who are embedded with 346 peer groups. Overall, females and older students had more accurate perceptions. In addition, lower self-esteem, higher indegree centrality, and lower betweenness centrality in the friendship network predicted more accurate perception of one’s own groups, whereas higher academic performance and lower betweenness centrality in the friendship network predicted more accurate perception of others’ groups. Implications for understanding the connection between adolescents’ psychological and behavioral traits, social relationships, and social cognition are discussed.     

“东突”组织在吉尔吉斯斯坦的活动特点

＂东突＂组织在整合领导层后,加紧了在吉尔吉斯斯坦的活动,其特点是：领导层权威化,人员结构年轻化、专业化,资金来源多样化,组织结构严密化。对新疆的政治安全、经济安全、社会安全、文化安全产生诸多不利影响     

长尾理论在网络营销中的应用分析

在经济全球化的今天,互联网在我们的生活中占据越来越重要的位置。长尾理论的出现,是互联网商业形态日趋成熟的标志。长尾理论应用于互联网领域有零库存、无限的用户群和数字化等特点,网络营销在其应用中可能出现信息过量和首尾不相连等问题,企业应采取建立强大的渠道和采用为您推荐等策略来更好的发挥它的作用。     

系统功能语言学视角下大学英语写作教学探究

系统功能语言学理论为大学英语写作教学实践提供了新的视角,从主述位选择、主位推进模式来组织信息,可以将语言的形式与内在意义结合,更容易掌握和分析语篇结构并有效指导学生的英语写作。经过对实验组和对照纽12周的教学实验,以CET4作文真题为初测和终测,对比作文均值差异度,发现在采用不同的教学方式后实验组和对照组的英语写作成绩有了显著的差异,采用系统功能语言学理论指导的实验组取得了更大的提高。由于客观条件所限,实验也存在时间较短、涉及体裁不多等问题。     

Intransitivity in the structure of small closed groups

Observations of the structure of closed groups are presented which give rise to four observable tendencies within either a sociogram or the cat_ij matrix as developed by Bernard and Killworth (1973). These observations are used to form theories of social structure of varying degrees of complexity; all these theories, however, are somewhat unusual in that intransitivity of interpersonal sentiment, far from being an artifact, is proposed as an essential part of the structure of human groups, whereas recent papers have stressed the occurrence of transitivity within a group. A statistical theory including the earlier theories shows that at least three subgroups must exist within a group, even if only two are forced by external organization. One of these subgroups is formed of mutually unknown individuals who serve as connecting links between other subgroups formed by strong interpersonal sentiment.     

"程度词+名词"结构中名词语义特征初探

程度词修饰名词原本不是一个被语法学界完全认可的语法组合,然而在当代口语及书面语中,"程度词 名词"组合却有越来越多的人使用.可见,"程度词 名词"虽是一类很特殊的结构,但已具有相当程度的可接受性.与一般意义上的名词不同,进入这一结构中的名词需具有由具体指称向情状描述转化的潜在语义特征,这一类名词与程度词的组合弥补了形容词语义表达上的缺环问题,并由此引发了部分名词向名形兼类词的转变.     

高校学报的人本属性与组织管理

在科技期刊中占据重要地位的高校学报面临可持续发展的诸多难题。立足于切斯特I．巴纳德的组织理论,阐述以人为本的组织管理思想和人的全面发展的内涵,结合高校学报的组织结构及功能定位,分析高校学报组织中的个人和团体的人本属性,讨论管理者和被管理者的共同属性,提出高校学报在体制和机制上的组织管理创新思路,推动构建高校学报以人为本的管理机制,以实现高校学报的科学发展。     

Financial satisfaction and perceived income through a demographic lens: Do different race/gender pairs reap different returns to income?

The subjective assessment of personal income, insofar as it reflects or sheds light upon the (potentially different) economic incentive structures facing workers of different demographic groups, has far-reaching implications for public policy and private decision-making alike. This paper explores the impact of personal income on financial satisfaction and on perceived income, focusing on demographic differences across the following groups: white males, black males, white females and black females. The results indicate that different race/gender pairs do respond to income differently. For both financial satisfaction and perceived relative income, white females, black females and black males all have lower returns to personal income than do white males. White males, in other words, appear to reap more “bang for the buck” in terms of both of the outcome variables, even after a host of control variables are introduced. The possibility that social comparison among (racial and gender) ingroups is driving the observed demographic differences is discussed.     

Aggregate male and female labor force participation functions: An analysis of structural differences, 1947–1977

The hypothesis that the structure of the forces that affect male and female labor force participation rates are distinct has been corroborated in numerous studies using microdata. This paper examines the validity of this structural distinctiveness hypothesis in the context of aggregate, time series data on male and female labor force participation in the post-World War II United States. Standard economic and sociological theories are used to specify sex-specific participation functions that contain indexes of the sex-specific general opportunity for employment, the sex-specific rates of participation in the armed forces and in postsecondary schooling institutions, the average real wage rate, the average number of hours worked, and the fertility rate. It is found that the female rate is more responsive than the male rate to the general employment opportunities and average hours indexes, but less responsive to the wage rate. Also, the female rate responds positively to the armed forces participation and college enrollment rates, whereas the male rate is negatively related to these indexes. However, no evidence is found for another component of the structural distinctiveness hypothesis, namely, that the fertility rate bears a consistent negative relationship to the female participation rate. While this relationship may have held during the early postwar years, it seems to have been substantially attentuated since the early 1960s. Prospects for convergence of the male and female participation functions are evaluated. Although current social trends suggest that the female function eventually will resemble more closely the male funtion, it is concluded that substantial sex differences are likely to persist for at least another decade. Implications of this for the structure of the labor force participation functions used in macroeconometric forecasting models are discussed.     

城乡二元结构与城市化道路演进

城乡二元结构始终是我国改革和发展绕不开的深层矛盾。我国的城市化也是被广泛探讨的热点问题。通过回顾我国城乡二元结构及城市化道路的演化进程,挖掘其阶段性的特点及内在原因,探讨我国城乡二元结构及我国城市化道路的内在联系。     

非政府组织概念再认识

非政府组织的概念缘起于联合国宪章。当前对非政府组织概念的认识有四种不同视角:公共管理的视角、结构和价值导向的视角、突破政府——市场二元结构的视角、基于中国语境的公民社会视角。非政府组织概念的结构化定义应该建立在以上视角之上:非政府组织是指由公民个人或其他团体、机构为实现公益或互益目标发起的,具有一定治理结构、独立自主运转的、提供社会服务的社会自治组织。这一新定义可从以下几点理解:后工业社会是理解非政府组织概念的时代背景、非政府组织的发起主体是多元的、道德取向和伦理精神是非政府组织的根本特征、非政府组织是承担社会服务的社会组织、非政府组织需要有规范的"治理结构"、非政府组织须具备独立性和自主性。     

Predicting bias homicide across victim groups: A county-level analysis

Outside several notable exceptions, few studies have examined variations in bias crime occurrences across American communities, and how community-level factors may differentially shape violent and non-violent bias crimes across victim groups. Drawing from ecological theories of crime, this study asks, (1) what are the structural predictors of the likelihood of bias homicide occurrences? and (2) how do structural predictors differ across bias victim groups? To answer these questions, data on bias homicide are derived from the United States Extremist Crime Database (ECDB) for the years 1990 through 2014 and paired with socio- structural variables from the United States Census Bureau. Results are discussed relative to the goals of understanding where fatal bias crimes are more likely to occur as a means of informing law enforcement and policymakers interested in preventing and responding to this specific form of crime.     

中国字幕组:网络亚文化生产场域中的困境与博弈

当下,青年人对于新技术的热切拥抱和掌握程度都远超于他们的父辈,这使得他们能够在网络空间利用新媒介技术主动创建一个亚文化生产场域,以此声张他们所认同的价值理念,但这个亚文化生产场域并非一个“乌托邦”式的理想空间,其中存在着各种矛盾与权力宰制。以中国网络字幕组为研究对象,从三个方面分析青年群体在网络亚文化生产场域中面临的困境与博弈行为,肯定以网络字幕组为代表的青年亚文化群体在文化实践过程中所起到的积极作用。     

改革开放前后我国社会阶层构成的变化及几点思考

改革开放前后，我国社会阶层构成发生了巨大变化，工人阶级内部由简单到复杂，出现新的变动组合；农民阶级由从事单一行业到多行业，发生重要裂变与分化；一些新的社会阶层也正在形成。这些变化反映着改革开放的力度和整个社会的现代化进程，我国的社会分层已由封闭走向开放，由政治分层走向经济分层，已具备现代化社会阶层的雏形，但与现代化的发展要求还有较大距离，改革的任务仍十分艰巨。     

关于我国建立福利制度的一点思考

通过对西方发达国家福利制度的定义、构成要件和形成的特点探讨,表明西方发达国家福利制度所遇到的挑战或危机,实际上是一种经济结构性调整的表现。在此基础上,立足于中国国情,提出了中国福利制度应遵循的原则,并认为未来20年是中国建立福利制度的战略机遇期。     

服务贸易与经济转型：理论及来自上海的经验

随着世界新一轮产业结构的调整,服务经济在各国经济中的地位日益重要,服务贸易的发展更加活跃。中国经济发展方式的转变要求东部地区率先努力形成以现代服务业为主的产业结构。这是新形势下加快提升服务贸易水平和国际竞争力,促进这一地区率先发展、科学发展和一体化发展的重大问题。从中间需求这一供给因素的增长角度梳理经济转型中服务贸易的发展趋势、中国实践与问题,并以上海的数据为例检验服务贸易发展的决定因素,这是一个新的研究视角,从所检验的决定因素中能寻找出中国服务贸易发展的路径与对策。     

Boundary crossing in first marriage and remarriage

Owing to secular increases in divorce rates, remarriage has become a prevalent feature of American family life; yet, research about mate selection behavior in higher order marriages remains limited. Using log-linear methods to recent data from the 2008–2014 American Community Survey, we compare racial and ethnic sorting behavior in first and subsequent marriages. The two most frequently crossed boundaries – those involving White-Asian and White-Hispanic couples – are more permeable in remarriages than in first marriages. Boundaries that are crossed with less frequency – those between minority groups and the White-Black boundary-are less permeable in remarriages than in first marriages. Collectively, these findings suggest that racial and ethnic sorting processes in remarriage may reify existing social distances between pan-ethnic groups. Racial and ethnic variations in how the relative permeability of boundary changes between first and higher-order marriages underscore the importance of considering a broad array of interracial pairings when assessing the ways in which changes in family structure and marital sorting behavior promote integration.     

灰神仙鱼（Petrophyllum eimeki C et v）染色体组型的研究

本文以鳃为材料，用ＰＨＡ腹腔注射秋水仙，空气干燥制片法制作染色体玻片标本，Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色，对灰神仙鱼的染色体组型作了分析。其二倍体染色体数目２ｎ＝４８，染色体可分为四组；Ａ组：中部着丝粒染色体１对；Ｂ组：近中部着丝粒染色体５对；Ｃ组：近端着丝粒染色体２对；Ｄ组：端部着丝粒染色体１６对，ＮＦ＝６０。组型分析中出现异型染色体，并对其分类位置进行了讨论。