以爱育爱:辅导员的核心价值理念

"以爱育爱"作为辅导员的核心价值理念,可以从爱与教育的关系史中找到缘由,即辅导员将爱融入学生工作中,通过细致入微的工作,致力于培养拥有大爱之心的现代大学生。在辅导员核心价值理念的范式中,情理是血脉,法理是保障。山东中医药大学以"我和学生在一起"为主题活动,践行"以爱育爱"的理念,并通过学生健全人格的培育来彰显大爱的魅力。     

社会工作视野中的伦理

社会工作与伦理的关系经历了从自发到自觉,危机的产生,再到伦理对于社会工作的重新回归的发展阶段。社会工作中的伦理体系的构建既要借鉴西方发达国家已有的社会工作伦理价值体系,又要立足于中国的本土实际,既要充分挖掘我国传统文化资源,更要顺应中国当今社会主流的伦理文化的发展,适应中国社会主义市场经济的发展。现代社会工作视野中的伦理应该是由多层次的理论与实践体系所构成,包括对社会工作道德哲学层次的思考,社会工作道德原则和规范的构建,社会工作的实践机制以及社会工作伦理与相关学科的相互借鉴的研究。     

社会共识是管理伦理的规范基础

管理伦理的出现是现代社会变革的产物,也可以说是社会公共关系发展的结果,因此,管理伦理的规范基础来自于通行且广泛的社会共识。在现代中国,培育适应于市场经济和现代管理组织的社会共识,尤其具有重大现实意义。     

社会工作视野中的伦理

社会工作与伦理的关系经历了从自发到自觉,危机的产生,再到伦理对于社会工作的重新回归的发展阶段。社会工作中的伦理体系的构建既要借鉴西方发达国家已有的社会工作伦理价值体系,又要立足于中国的本土实际,既要充分挖掘我国传统文化资源,更要顺应中国当今社会主流的伦理文化的发展,适应中国社会主义市场经济的发展。现代社会工作视野中的伦理应该是由多层次的理论与实践体系所构成,包括对社会工作道德哲学层次的思考,社会工作道德原则和规范的构建,社会工作的实践机制以及社会工作伦理与相关学科的相互借鉴的研究。     

革命的劳动伦理的兴起:以陕甘宁边区“赵占魁运动”为中心的考察

1937年陕甘宁边区政府成立以后,公营工厂逐渐在边区兴起。为了提高公营工厂工人的劳动热情,并维持公营工厂内部良好的劳动秩序,在1940年至1945年期间,中共中央等有关决策者创造性地对公营工厂的劳动过程开展了一系列相互关联的改造活动。随着这些改造活动的推行,一种主要用于规范公营工厂工人的劳动态度以及公营工厂内部党组织、行政和工会三者之间的互动关系的新的劳动伦理被逐渐构建起来。由于构建这种新的劳动伦理的逻辑起点是把工人的劳动和中共领导的革命活动联系起来,强调工人是为革命而劳动,故本文把这种新的劳动伦理命名为"革命的劳动伦理"。以"赵占魁运动"为考察的中心,本文系统地探讨了这种革命的劳动伦理是如何被构建而兴起的,并在此基础上进一步讨论了两个相关的问题。     

传统中国司法裁判中的情理——以“安崇绪之狱”为例

情理是影响传统中国司法审断的重要因素,也是理解传统中国司法性质及其价值追求的关键,情理案代表“安崇绪之狱”是探讨传统中国司法运行形态和实质的重要素材。安崇绪有讼继母的事实,由此判断应入于“不孝”处以绞刑,但讼继母背后存在着孝养亲母等情理可矜事由。身份要素成为案件证成过程的关键,情理因素则决定了裁判进路从“执法据律”到“以情屈法”的转变。案件揭示了司法官员在面对礼法冲突时处理案件所应遵循的法理,展现了情理在传统司法中适用的可行性,反映了传统中国司法的特质及其多重面向。传统中国司法审断既非“卡迪司法”,亦非“依法裁判”,它具有独特的审断模式与价值追求。     

传统伦理的现代转化向度

厘清传统伦理的现代转化问题是建构中国现代伦理的关键.在这篇论文中,笔者拟在中国市场经济发展的大背景下,立足于传统伦理与现代伦理的比较分析,从传统伦理处理人与自然、人与社会、人与自身的关系角度来思考和阐释传统伦理的现代转化向度问题,以期对我国转型期的伦理建设提供-点有益的帮助和借鉴.     

现代市场经济的观念系统

现代市场经济是由国家宏观调控的以市场机制为基础的市场经济.与自由市场经济不同的是,它接受国家有意识、有目的、有计划的控制和指导.现代市场经济是一个由市场主体、市场信念、市场行为、技术、制度等基本要素构成的系统,有完整的体系,有其基本要素、结构、功能和特性,它有一整套的制度规范.其中最为鲜明的是与市场主体交织在一起的财产、生产、分配、交换、消费等关系以及在这些关系基础上形成的调节机制,由此产生与之相适应的观念、伦理、法律、习惯等意识形态.可见,现代市场经济是一个很复杂的、庞大的系统,而作为这一系统的主体要素的观念则是与现代市场经济发展和运行相适应的能动的产物,并形成了具有特色的现代市场经济的观念系统.     

伦理对经济发展的内在人文推动

本文认为，在我国建立社会主义市场经济的进程中，促进传统伦理的现代转换与伦理精神的现代建构，实现伦理与经济的新整合，无论在理论上和实际工作中都是一个重要课题。文章分析了职业伦理与生产原动力，交换伦理与经济规范力，消费伦理与经济扩展力，分配伦理与经济激发力等之间的关系，指出伦理对经济的推动，就是透过经济主体的作用，使经济的冲动获得伦理的合法性、必要性和合理性。     

论儒家“诚信”伦理及其现代意义

诚信为儒家伦理的重要规范 ,它是儒家的修身之道、为政之基及经商之本。今天 ,我们提倡与弘扬这一伦理规范 ,不仅有助于和谐的人际关系的建立 ,有助于推动官德建设 ,促使民风好转 ,而且还有助于规范经济活动 ,形成发展社会主义市场经济需要的伦理精神     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Comments on the National College English Test

College English Test is an important national test for Chinese college students, this paper introduces the distribution of scores, time of examination, and analyses the four parts in CET ,such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, integrated testing, and writing based on testing theories.     

Social security reforms in Kenya: Towards a workerist or a citizenship‐based system?

With social security provisions in Kenya remaining under‐reported in the more recent literature, this overview covers recent reforms in key areas of the country's social security system. In the health sector and in old‐age pension provision social security is still mainly workerist (biased toward those in formal employment), and attempts to expand coverage have had limited effect only – cash transfer programmes, for instance, have been expanded but in practice they do not universally cover the entitled categories. Thus, although the Kenyan social security system now has a considerable pro‐poor social assistance component it remains biased toward those in formal employment, to the benefit of the highest income quintile.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

The gender gap in pensions in Latin America

Lower female lifetime labour market participation rates, greater interruptions during their working lives, and wage gaps contribute to create gender gaps in pensions at the time of retirement. The design of social security systems may reinforce or attenuate these gaps. This article provides new evidence on gender gaps in access to pensions and in pension income in four Southern Cone countries in Latin America and analyses their evolution between 2000 and 2013, showing significant improvements in both gaps, with differential patterns by countries. The decrease in the gender gap in pension income has been particularly significant in Argentina and Brazil. In both cases, the largest increases in pension values during the period correspond to the lowest income percentiles, where women are overrepresented. The application of redistributive policies in these countries, aimed at reducing poverty and inequality but not necessarily focused on gender equity, has had positive and probably unintended consequences in terms of reduction in gender gaps in pensions.     

A Man Can be Destroyed but Not Defeated

Santiago,the main hero in the Old Man and the Sea is characterized as someone struggling against defeat. He has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish,the sail of his skiff resembles "the flag of permanent defeat." But the old man refuses defeat at every turn:he resolves to sail out beyond the other fishermen to where the biggest fish promise to be. He lands the marlin,tying his record of eighty-seven days after a brutal three-day fight,and he continues to ward off sharks from stealing his prey,even though he knows the battle is useless. He establishes a great hero:a man can be destroyed but not defeated.     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.