浅析翻译领域中的若干目的概念

目的概念在翻译领域中涉及若干术语,有翻译目的、Skopos、目的论、目的准则等。德国功能学派建立了以目的论为核心的功能翻译理论。目的论认为决定翻译过程的最主要因素是整体翻译行为的目的。这里的目的外延丰富,包含了不同层次的能指。目的论的目的准则是最高准则,此外还有一致准则和忠信准则作为必要补充。本文将对翻译领域中涉及目的概念的翻译目的,Skopos,目的论以及两个准则的内涵加以分析阐述。     

A Comparison of Burnout in Selected Occupational Fields

This study showed that employees in social welfare tended to experience more burnout than some persons in areas such as education, health services, banking, industry, and the postal service.     

A Multi-Dimensional Assessment of the Health Needs of Homeless Infants and Pre-School Children in Phoenix

The dual purpose of this study was to identify the comprehensive health needs of a selected group of homeless children in Phoenix, Arizona, and to utilize the findings in developing needed services. A non-random sample of 60 infants and pre-school children were given on-site physical, dental, developmental, behavioral, and nutritional assessments. The study included Medicaid’s Early Periodic Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment procedures, complete oral screening, the Denver DevelopmentaL and Denver ArticuLation Screening Test, the Pre-school Behavior Inventory, and parental interviews. Fifty-eight of the 60 children screened needed further evaluation, treatment, or follow-up services. The most significant problems included low hematocrit readings, inadequate immunizations, and untreated medical and dental problems specific to this age group. Also identified were developmental deLays and potential behavior problems. It is imperative that aggressive outreach and follow-up services be developed to reach homeless children and to insure that needed intelVentions are provided.     

Social Communities and Homelessness: A Broader Concept Analysis of Social Relationships and Homelessness

Pathways to and from homelessness were examined from the perspective of people who were both employed and homeless in Calgary, Alberta. Based on data collected through semi-structured open-end interviews (n = 61) with employed homeless people (N estimated at 2,400), we found that respondents identified aspects of five predominant social relationships that had the greatest impact on their present homeless situation: relationships with friends and family, acquaintances in shared accommodation, landlords and employers, other homeless people, and the social service delivery system. The findings provide a model for beginning to understand the complex social communities in which homelessness exists. Further research needs to explore the relationship between service providers and individuals' other social relationships and the role those can play in finding a pathway from homelessness.     

高校青年教师心理资本、职业倦怠研究

高等教育的发展在于青年教师。对256名高校青年教师进行问卷调查,考察其心理资本、职业倦怠特征及两者关系。结果发现:高校青年教师心理资本在不同性别、年龄、教龄、岗位上有显著性差异,不同年龄、职称、教授课程及岗位的高校青年教师职业倦怠存在显著性差异;高校青年教师心理资本及其各维度与其职业倦怠各维度之间呈现显著负相关;高校青年教师心理资本对职业倦怠具有显著负向预测作用。     

辅导员职业倦怠根源与对策

“职业倦怠”又称“职业衰竭”、“职业桔竭”。“职业倦怠”一词由美国临床心理学家弗登伯格在1974年提出,用以描述助人行业的从业人员因时间过长、工作量过大、工作强度过高而导致的一种疲惫不堪的心理状态。据中国人力资源网组织的“中国‘职业倦怠指数’调查”表明．有70％以上的被调查者处于不同程度的职业倦怠状态。嘶究表明：从职业类别来看,教师是职业倦怠的易发群体。高校学生辅导员作为教师中一支特殊的队伍．因其特殊的职业要求、巨大的社会责任以及较高的公众期盼,辅导员队伍职业倦怠的现象凸显．这在一定程度上影响着高校辅导员队伍的发展。本文从辅导员工作特性本身出发。初步分析了辅导员职业工作特性导致辅导员职业倦怠的原因,并对如何干预、缓解辅导员职业倦怠的对策进行了讨论和思考。     

Binge Gambling: A Neglected Concept

It is argued that there exists a relatively neglected distinct sub-group of pathological gamblers, described in the clinical literature, who display intermittent episodes of uncontrolled gambling superimposed on a background of prolonged intervening periods of abstinence. This sub-group is characterised by intense bouts of impaired control over gambling that meet core diagnostic features for pathological gambling during such defined episodes. However, they are unlikely to display significant symptoms of pathological gambling if screened during intervening periods of abstinence and report no persistent or progressive urges or preoccupation with gambling between episodes. This article discusses the concept of binge gambling with reference to illustrative case studies and by comparison to two other recognised binge behaviours, binge drinking and binge eating.     

Gemeinschaft Revisited: A Critique and Reconstruction of the Community Concept

Community remains a potent symbol and aspiration in political and intellectual life. However, it has largely passed out of sociological analysis. The paper shows why this has occurred, and it develops a new typology that can make the concept useful again in sociology. The new typology is based on identifying structurally distinct subtypes of community using a small number of partitioning variables. The first partition is defined by the ultimate context of interaction; the second by the primary motivation for interaction; the third by rates of interaction and location of members; and the fourth by the amount of face-to-face as opposed to computer-mediated interaction. This small number of partitioning variables yields eight major subtypes of community. The paper shows how and why these major subtypes are related to important variations in the behavioral and organizational outcomes of community. The paper also seeks to resolve some disagreements between classical liberalism and communitarians. It shows that only a few of the major subtypes of community are likely to be as illiberal and intolerant as the selective imagery of classical liberals asserts, while at the same time only a few are prone to generate as much fraternalism and equity as the selective imagery of communitarians suggests. The paper concludes by discussing the forms of community that are best suited to the modern world.     

青年职业倦怠成因及应对策略

本文在简要分析国内外关于职业倦怠问题研究的基础上，提出三个观点：一、职业倦怠是人们在工作领域反应环境综合压力的一种方式。它的初始表现延续人类的进化机能，具有选择性适应意义。二、青年个体长期陷于职业倦怠，则有病态之虞。病态职业倦怠不仅危及青年个体的心理健康，而且影响团体工作效能。三、缓解青年职业倦怠，企业的努力是必要的，但关键在于个体努力消弭价值认知上的冲突。     

From Role Conflict to Job Burnout: A Mediation Model Moderated by Mindfulness

This study examined the moderated mediating effect of mindfulness as an emotional resource on the relationship between role conflict and burnout (i.e., exhaustion, cynicism, and professional inefficacy) via negative affect. Participants were 481 adult employees in South Korea who provided self-report data 2 times with a 2-week interval. The results indicated that mindfulness moderated the relationship between role conflict and negative affect such that the effect of role conflict on negative affect was reduced when mindfulness was high. Furthermore, Time 1 role conflict had conditional indirect effects on 3 facets of burnout measured at Time 2 through Time 1 negative affect depending on the levels of Time 1 mindfulness. The findings suggest that mindfulness may prevent the development of negative affect from role conflict, ultimately reducing the impact of role conflict on burnout. Practitioners should introduce workplace mindfulness programs to help employees cope with burnout more effectively.     

Violence Regimes: A Useful Concept for Social Politics,Social Analysis,and Social Theory

Theory and Society - This paper critically interrogates the usefulness of the concept of violence regimes for social politics, social analysis, and social theory. In the first case, violence...     

On the Concept of Value-Commitments

This paper analyzes the nature of value-commitments, conceived as a generalized symbolic medium of interchange in the processes of social interaction, in this respect paralleling money, power, and influence. Commitments constitute moral obligations of units of a system of social interaction to maintain the integrity of a value-pattern and to strive toward its implementation in action through combination with non-value factors. Stability of commitments is a basic condition of the compatibility of wide moral freedom with the exigencies of social functioning. Like the other three media, commitments are not bound by a zero-sum condition, but can be expanded, especially through charismatic movements.