支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进:情感倾向的调节作用

随着社会的进步与发展,许多女性从家庭走向职场,男人们也开始承担起家庭责任。工作和家庭彼此依赖,彼此促进的关系逐渐增强,大部分人们不得不既承担工作又承担家庭生活多重角色。在这种情况下,许多组织行为学以及人力资源管理领域学者开始将研究视角转向工作和家庭生活的相互促进,相互作用领域,开展工作-家庭关系的研究。支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进对员工组织情感承诺、工作满意度和离职意向均有显著影响;情感倾向对支持资源作用下的工作-家庭促进也有着不可或缺的调节作用。当个体情感倾向处于积极态度时时,会有组织支持资源带来的工作-家庭促进会明显提高员工的工作满意度、组织情感承诺或降低离职意向。     

个人-组织匹配、工作满意度与员工离职意向关系的实证研究

从个人-组织匹配的理论视角出发,用实证方法研究企业的个人-组织匹配与工作满意度之间的关系,以及它们对员工离职意向的影响.研究结果表明,个人-组织匹配对工作满意度起到显著正向影响;个人-组织匹配对员工离职意向起到显著负向影响;工作满意度对员工离职意向起到显著负向影响;工作满意度中的2个维度--工作压力满意度和管理因素满意度在个人-组织匹配对离职意向的影响中起中介作用.     

员工组织内信任对其工作态度的影响

通过对928名被试的调查,探讨了员工对上级和组织的信任对其工作态度（包括工作满意度、组织承诺和离职倾向）的影响。结果表明,员工对直接上级和对组织的信任对员工的组织承诺和工作满意度有积极的影响,而对员工的离职倾向有负的影响,并且员工对组织信任对组织承诺和工作满意度的影响通过员工对上级的信任部分中介。而员工对组织信任对离职倾向的影响通过员工对组织的信任完全中介。该研究结果进一步充实了中国背景下员工组织内信任的理论研究。     

知识型员工职业召唤、职业承诺与工作态度关系研究

对中国情景下知识型员工的职业召唤对组织承诺、工作满意度、离职意愿等工作态度的影响以及职业承诺在职业召唤与上述工作态度的中介作用进行实证检验。基于自我决定理论和已有关于召唤的相关研究结论,提出职业召唤-职业承诺-工作态度的关系假设模型,并以981位国有、民营及外(合)资企业的知识型员工作为研究对象,通过结构方程建模进行实证检验。研究结果表明,中国情景下知识型员工的职业召唤对组织承诺、工作满意度和离职意愿均有显著正向影响,职业承诺完全中介职业召唤与工作满意度和离职意愿的关系,部分中介职业召唤与组织承诺的关系。在中国情景下验证西方关于职业召唤的研究结论,结果表明职业召唤的培养对企业知识型员工的职业承诺、组织承诺和工作满意度均具有十分重要的作用,为职业召唤理论在中国情景下的验证和完善以及知识型员工的管理理论和企业实践提供新的视角。     

基于集体主义情境的变革型领导、组织承诺与离职倾向研究

在构建变革型领导对离职倾向影响的中介模型,以及分析水平-垂直集体主义背景下组织承诺中介作用的基础上,对东北和华北地区10家企业的202名管理者和员工进行问卷调查,采用层次回归等方法进行研究分析。结果表明,组织承诺在变革型领导和离职倾向之间起部分中介作用,不同集体主义背景影响变革型领导对离职倾向的作用路径;在水平集体主义背景下,持续承诺中介了变革型领导对离职倾向的影响;在垂直集体主义背景下,情感承诺和规范承诺中介了变革型领导对离职倾向的作用路径。鉴于此,组织需要根据员工集体主义导向的差异,通过采用不同的激励措施以提高员工的组织承诺,降低离职倾向。     

技能员工的创新、承诺与离职：被中介的调节模型

 技能员工是中国制造业员工队伍的骨干，在创新压力下，有效管理这些员工，降低其离职意向，已成为中国制造业企业发展创新能力的重要基础。已有研究多聚焦于高科技或研发人才的创新绩效，较少关注如何激励基层技能员工进行创新，因此探索中国制造业基层技能员工的承诺、离职与创新工作行为之间的内在动力机制具有现实意义。        基于资源保存理论，分析企业转型背景下技能员工的情感承诺、持续承诺以及二者的交互作用对创新工作行为和离职意向的作用机制。采取问卷调查的方法，调查adidas在中国的7家大型代工厂，共收集1 514份来自技能员工的有效问卷，运用Spss 21.0和Mplus 7.4构建结构方程进行数据分析，对提出的假设进行验证。        研究结果表明，转型升级背景下，技能员工的持续承诺与创新工作行为负相关，情感承诺与创新工作行为正相关，并且受到持续承诺的调节；根据态度-意向-行为的概念框架，离职意向会中介情感承诺与持续承诺交互作用对创新工作行为的影响；当技能员工感知到工作场所资源的动态变化，他们的持续承诺会增加其离职意向，影响其从事创新工作行为。        提出能深入分析技能员工创新、离职与承诺的内在动力机制，突显出持续承诺在组织转型期间的重要性。研究结果不但丰富了跨学科领域的相关知识，更为中国其他正在转型升级的企业提供了有参考价值的实证依据。     

职业高原与组织承诺、工作满意度、离职倾向关系研究——基于1826份新疆科技工作者的问卷调查

职业高原是指员工职业生涯发展处于停滞的一种状态。本研究采取调查问卷的方式对1826名新疆科技工作者实行有效的测量,通过对统计数据的分析,验证了提出的多项假设:职业高原对组织承诺和工作满意度具有显著的负向影响,对离职倾向具有显著的正向影响;组织承诺和工作满意度在职业高原对离职倾向的影响过程中起部分中介作用。对此,管理者要采取有效措施,帮助员工做好职业生涯管理规划,度过职业高原危险期,降低离职倾向的产生。     

组织支持资源影响员工幸福感的内在机理:基于视睿科技的案例研究

通过对视睿科技的调查访谈以及公开数据的整理,针对组织支持资源如何影响员工幸福感的内在机理进行了案例分析。研究表明,组织支持资源不仅能够在一定程度上促进家庭支持资源,同时,也能够通过工作家庭促进来提升员工的工作满意度、家庭满意度及个人满意度,进而提高员工幸福感。此外,积极情感溢出在该过程中起到重要作用,从而使员工的工作、家庭与个人之间形成良性循环。在此基础上,构建了组织支持资源影响员工幸福感内在机理的理论模型,以期对管理实践中员工幸福感的影响因素进行解析。     

情感承诺对LMX与员工离职意向关系的影响

LMX对员工离职意向的影响一直不清晰,提示二者的关系可能受到其他因素的干扰。本研究通过对350名企业员工的问卷调查,探讨员工的情感承诺对LMX与离职意向关系的影响。研究结果显示:情感承诺在LMX负向影响离职意向的过程中,既起着中介作用,又起着调节作用。本研究的创新之处在于,通过实证方法揭示了情感承诺对LMX与员工离职意向关系的双重影响。     

企业发展性支持与离职意向的关系研究——人-职匹配与职业自我管理的调节作用

以往关于发展性支持与离职意向关系的研究结果不一致。因此,本文引入人-职匹配与职业自我管理作为两者关系的调节变量。研究发现,能力匹配和职业自我管理都调节两者的关系。对于能力不匹配的员工,发展性支持对其离职意向有负向预测作用;然而,发展性支持则与能力匹配个体的离职意向不呈相关性。对于职业自我管理倾向高的个体,发展性支持与离职意向的相关性不大,而对于职业自我管理倾向低的个体,发展性支持会转化为组织支持感,负向预测员工的离职意向。最后,人-职匹配与职业自我管理共同调节两者的关系。本文的研究结果为企业的人力资本投资策略提供了一定的启示。     

公仆型领导、员工集体和个人的工作态度对服务质量的影响

作者在13家宾馆和餐馆进行了一次实证研究,探讨饭店管理人员的公仆型领导风格、员工集体和个人的工作态度对员工的服务质量的影响。多层次线性模型分析结果表明,部门的公仆型领导氛围会直接影响员工集体的工作满意感,并通过集体情感性归属感,间接影响员工的服务质量。部门的公仆型领导氛围会调节员工感知的部门负责人的公仆型领导风格对他们的服务质量的影响;员工集体的情感性归属感会调节员工个人的工作满意感和情感性归属感对服务质量的影响。     

劳动关系氛围和员工工作满意度:组织承诺的调节作用

本文从组织行为层次探讨劳动关系氛围与员工态度之间的关系。基于60家企业1607名员工的问卷调查,本文探讨了劳资双赢、劳资对立和员工参与三种劳动关系氛围对员工内在和外在满意度的直接影响,以及员工组织承诺在上述关系中的调节作用。研究发现,劳资双赢氛围显著地提升员工的内在和外在满意度,劳资对立氛围显著地降低员工的内在和外在满意度,员工参与氛围仅能显著提升员工的内在工作满意度。同时,员工组织承诺中的情感承诺能显著增强劳资双赢氛围对内在和外在工作满意度的积极影响,但仅能显著降低劳资对立氛围对内在工作满意度的消极影响,而对员工参与氛围的影响不具有调节作用。此外,研究还发现交易承诺不存在调节效果。     

组织支持感与工作投入的曲线关系及其边界条件

作为一种工作资源,组织支持感是员工工作投入的重要预测变量。但是,基于社会交换理论,组织支持感也可能增加员工角色外的投入、减少对工作角色的投入。在一定条件下,组织支持感与工作投入可能存在非线性的关系。采用302名证券行业员工问卷,考察组织支持感与工作投入的曲线关系,进一步探索情感承诺对该曲线关系的调节作用。在检验共同方法偏差的基础上,采用多项式回归对研究假设进行检验。研究结果表明,在控制员工的情感承诺后,组织支持感与工作投入呈显著U形曲线关系。情感承诺显著调节组织支持感与工作投入的曲线关系,即情感承诺高的员工,组织支持感与工作投入呈U形曲线关系;而情感承诺低的员工,组织支持感与工作投入呈显著线性关系。总体而言,研究结果进一步支持组织支持感对工作投入潜在的负面影响,尤其是具有高情感承诺的员工其感知到的组织支持只有超过一定水平后才会对工作投入产生积极的影响。     

A Test of Basic Assumptions of Affective Events Theory (AET) in Call Centre Work1

Based on data from 2091 call centre representatives working in 85 call centres in the UK, central assumptions of affective events theory (AET) are tested. AET predicts that specific features of work (e.g. autonomy) have an impact on the arousal of emotions and moods at work that, in turn, co‐determine job satisfaction of employees. AET further proposes that job satisfaction is an evaluative judgement that mainly explains cognitive‐based behaviour, whereas emotions and moods better predict affective‐based behaviour. The results support these assumptions. A clear separation of key constructs (job satisfaction, positive and negative emotions) was possible. Moreover, correlations between several work features (e.g. supervisory support) and job satisfaction were, in part, mediated by work emotions, even when controlling for gender, age, call centre type (in‐house versus outsourced centres) and call centre size. Predictions regarding consequences of satisfaction and affect were partly corroborated as continuance commitment was more strongly related to job satisfaction than to positive emotions. In addition, affective commitment and health complaints were related to both emotions and job satisfaction to the same extent. Thus, AET is a fruitful framework for explaining why and how specific management strategies used for designing work features influence important organizational attitudes and well‐being of employees.     

The interactive effect of leader–member exchange and electronic communication on employee psychological empowerment and work outcomes

We advance understanding of the role that leaders play in promoting psychological empowerment and positive work outcomes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment and job performance) for employees who engage in a high degree of electronic communication in their job. By integrating leader–member exchange (LMX) theory and theories of electronic communication, we build and test a mediated moderation model in which employees’ degree of electronic communication in their job amplifies the positive relationship that LMX has to psychological empowerment and subsequent employee work outcomes. Based on a sample of 353 early-career professionals employed in a range of different types of organizations, we found general support for the hypothesized model. We discuss the study’s theoretical and practical implications for leading employees in electronically-enabled work environments.     

Exploring turnover intentions among three professional groups of employees

Abstract

Although considerable research effort has been devoted to understanding work attitudes, behaviours and outcomes regarding turnover intentions, little has been done to explore it across different professions. This study takes a step in this direction and examines the effect of affective commitment, job satisfaction and job performance on turnover intentions across three professions. To this end, we surveyed three professional groups of employees and managers: financial officers and social workers employed in the public sector and lawyers employed in the private sector. The results of these three studies show that turnover intentions vary across these professions. Social workers exhibit lower turnover intentions than financial officers and lawyers, who tend to exhibit high turnover intentions. In addition, we found that job satisfaction and affective commitment are negatively associated with turnover intentions, while no significant relationship was found to exist between job performance and turnover intentions. The implications of this study suggest that both researchers and practitioners should take into consideration not only the organizational context, but also the occupational context while exploring the process of voluntary turnover.     

Exploring work- and organization-based resources as moderators between work-family conflict, well-being, and job attitudes

In modern Western life it is difficult to avoid work-family conflict. Therefore the resources that might reduce its negative outcomes on well-being and job attitudes come into focus. Our study contributes to the work-family conflict literature by exploring the indirect (moderator) and direct role of three work- and organization-related resources, i.e., job control, family supportive climate, organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), in the work-to-family conflict and well-being/job attitude relationship. Theoretically, the study tested the recently developed Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model in the Scandinavian context. Data for the study were gathered from three differing Finnish organizations (health care district, ICT company, Cardboard mill; n=1252). In line with the predictions of the JD-R model, job demands (time- and strain-based work-to-family conflict) were more robustly associated with strain-based outcomes (physical symptoms), whereas job resources (job control, family supportive climate, OBSE) were more strongly linked to motivational-based outcomes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment). Both job control and family supportive climate moderated the relationships studied; high job control and family supportive climate buffered against the aversive effects of work-to-family conflict on well-being and job attitudes. These indirect effects also varied in relation to the independent, moderator, and dependent variables. However, OBSE did not operate as a buffering factor, although it showed significant direct effects. From a practical viewpoint, our findings suggest that job control and family supportive climate are resources that help employees to reduce the negative effects related to work-family conflict.     

Exploring work- and organization-based resources as moderators between work–family conflict,well-being,and job attitudes

Abstract

In modern Western life it is difficult to avoid work–family conflict. Therefore the resources that might reduce its negative outcomes on well-being and job attitudes come into focus. Our study contributes to the work–family conflict literature by exploring the indirect (moderator) and direct role of three work- and organization-related resources, i.e., job control, family supportive climate, organization-based self-esteem (OBSE), in the work-to-family conflict and well-being/job attitude relationship. Theoretically, the study tested the recently developed Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model in the Scandinavian context. Data for the study were gathered from three differing Finnish organizations (health care district, ICT company, Cardboard mill; n=1252). In line with the predictions of the JD-R model, job demands (time- and strain-based work-to-family conflict) were more robustly associated with strain-based outcomes (physical symptoms), whereas job resources (job control, family supportive climate, OBSE) were more strongly linked to motivational-based outcomes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment). Both job control and family supportive climate moderated the relationships studied; high job control and family supportive climate buffered against the aversive effects of work-to-family conflict on well-being and job attitudes. These indirect effects also varied in relation to the independent, moderator, and dependent variables. However, OBSE did not operate as a buffering factor, although it showed significant direct effects. From a practical viewpoint, our findings suggest that job control and family supportive climate are resources that help employees to reduce the negative effects related to work–family conflict.     

Examining the effects of trust in leaders: A bases-and-foci approach

Little empirical research has explored the implications of different bases and foci of trust in leadership within the same study. To rectify this substantive void in the trust literature, we conceptualized variants of employee trust in organizational leadership in terms of two bases (cognitive and affective) and two foci (management and supervisor). Using this dual perspective, we examined the effects of trust in leaders on two work-related attitudes (organizational commitment, job satisfaction) and two work-related behaviors (in-role behavior, extra-role behavior). Using data collected from 210 employees and their supervisors, we found that the four variants of trust in organizational leadership were distinguishable, and had differential effects on employee outcomes. Affective trust in supervisor was a significant predictor of in-role and extra-role behaviors. Affective trust in management and affective trust in supervisor explained variance in affective organizational commitment. Cognitive trust in management and affective trust in supervisor explained variance in job satisfaction.     

工作满意感与建言行为的关系探索:组织承诺的缓冲影响

工作满意感与建言行为之间关系看似简单、实则复杂,以往研究支持正反关系的观点都有,为了调和这一矛盾,本研究提出"U"型关系假设,并认为组织承诺对它们之间有着正向缓冲作用。以长三角地区17家国有企业的282名白领员工为样本,问卷研究结果没有支持"U"型关系假设,而发现两者成正向线性关系,情感承诺对两者之间具有正向缓冲作用。文章讨论了研究结果并对未来研究做了展望。