论软系统方法与城市综合功能GIS建设

系统方法、系统工程和信息工程是应用于“硬”系统领域的 ,但随着社会的进步 ,系统分析方法不可避免地扩展到社会系统和民用问题等软系统领域。软系统方法可以较好地解决这些目标模糊的问题。城市综合功能GIS(地理信息系统 )是由于城市化迅速发展提出来的 ,它是实现城市规划、管理现代化的智能工具 ,但系统建设中有许多“软”的问题 ,用软系统思想和方法指导建设城市综合功能GIS,能够弥补“硬”系统方法的一些不足     

论城市综合功能GIS开发

为适应城市化发展的要求,需要建立城市综合功能GIS.城市综合功能GIS的应用模式为办公自动化、科研和社会化服务.开发程序主要是系统分析、系统设计、实施与评价等.在GIS开发中应注意框架结构、开发模式、标准化、系统升级、难度与进度以及建库投入等问题.     

《资本论》对城市哲学研究的方法论意义

立足时代问题,用马克思本人的方法重读马克思,用《资本论》本身的方法呈现《资本论》的当代价值,对推动马克思哲学与《资本论》走进当代、走进城市社会具有重要的方法论意义.紧扣时代主题,努力解答时代重大问题,是马克思哲学及《资本论》的根本方法论特质.城市化是当代社会发展的一个重大问题,城市哲学是社会发展理论研究的一个重要新领域.《资本论》对城市哲学研究具有重要的方法论意义:《资本论》处理概念与对象关系、概念史与社会史的策略,对城市哲学形成合理的概念与概念群具有方法论意义;《资本论》对时间与空间、历史性与空间性关系的处理,对城市哲学确认合理的历史观具有方法论意义;《资本论》对精英主体与世俗主体关系的处理,对城市哲学形成合理的主体性原则、价值立场具有重要意义;《资本论》处理不同理论、思想之间关系的策略,对城市哲学处理城市批评史与城市发展史的关系,探索面向生活和未来的城市智慧具有重要启发.     

哲学的功能:描述的和规范的──兼论实践本体论

当代分崩离析的哲学世界正孕育着一场新的综合。同以往任何一次哲学革命的到来一样,面临着这场新的综合,哲学的功能这个元哲学(meta-phylosophy)问题又一次成为人们关注的中心。无疑,哲学功能问题的解决,将预示着马克思主义哲学的又一新的形态。 20世纪的哲学世界是一幅四 分五裂的图景,从中可以看到一条最深的鸿沟把科学与人分裂开来,这就是当代科学主义与人本主义两大思潮的对立。 当代科学主义思潮以实证主义、马赫主义、逻辑经验主义和科学哲学等为代表。这些哲学流派都把科学知识、逻辑、语言、科学结构和科学发展规律等作为关注的中心…     

论空间政治哲学的出场逻辑——以城市街道的公共性研究为例

以亨利·列斐伏尔为代表的空间地理学家们以"城市权""城市革命""空间正义"等概念启发了空间政治学在城市视域中的经典表述。然而,就空间的激进式理解和政治哲学的革命化表述而言,空间在城市中呈现出了一些政治性"症候",这不仅遮蔽了空间与政治的恰当关系,而且难以适应现代城市美好生活的建设旨归。因此,有必要重新探索一条空间政治哲学的研究路径。从公共性视角出发,综合城市人的日常街道体验,能够重构城市街道公共性的内在基础、外在表达和运作方式,进而彰显空间与政治在日常生活中的密切关系,这正是当代空间政治哲学出场的具体路径所在。     

城市哲学与城市秩序(专题讨论)

编者按:当代中国的快速城市化与复杂的城市问题,呼唤着城市哲学的出场。可以从知识论、价值论、学科论等诸多层面生成和建构城市哲学,而建构城市哲学的根本路径则是直面、解释、解答当代中国的城市问题。本期刊发的三篇论文以城市失序为问题域,以城市意义、城市秩序为关键词,对当代中国城市哲学的问题域、多维度建构进行了探索。陈忠教授的《城市意义与当代中国城市秩序的伦理构建》对空间生产、城市秩序、城市意义的关系进行了秩序论向度的城市哲学思考,倡导以城市意义为核心,通过具     

地方志:GIS的最佳数据源

作为地理信息系统的CIS,其关键要素之一是数据源及数据.在信息时代的今天,中国特有的地方志因其地域性、客观性、资料性和综合性的特点而成为可贵的信息资源.尤其是在GIS得以广泛应用的当今信息社会,地方志资料作为其广义数据源,更加显示出其所独具的资源丰富优势、古今纵览优势和信息相关优势.开发地方志资源,使其成为GIS广义数据源,将会使地理信息系统的功能更加强大,应用更加广泛,从而促进经济建设.     

生态综合指数在城市生态评价中的应用——以重庆市为例

城市是一个社会—经济—自然复合生态系统,城市生态环境是城市可持续发展的基础。本文以重庆市为例,运用层次分析法从结构、功能和协调性3个方面构建指标体系,采用城市生态综合指数,对城市生态化程度进行分级,评判重庆市城市发展的生态化程度。结果显示,2008年重庆市的生态综合指数为0.512,生态化程度一般。制约重庆市城市可持续发展的主要因素是城市结构不尽合理、城市功能不够完善及城市的协调性偏低。针对这些制约因素,重庆市城市发展过程中应优化产业结构和土地利用结构、发展循环经济,倡导节约生产和完善生态城市评价体系。     

关于哲学史研究迫切问题的讨论

据苏联《哲学科学》杂志1986年第1期报道,1985年5月6-7日在莫斯科举行了《马克思主义哲学史研究的迫切的世界观和方法论问题》学术讨论会,这次讨论会是由苏联哲学协会莫斯科分会、苏联科学院哲学研究所、莫斯科大学和全苏"知识"协会共同组织的.苏联哲学协会主席、科学院院士Φ.康斯坦丁诺夫、苏联哲学协会副主席B.马利宁以及来自5个加盟共和国与12个城市的学者出席了讨论会.在全体会议上发言的有:苏联哲学协会莫斯科分会哲学史组主任H.普里戈达(《关于现代哲学历史科学的几个问题》)、B.马利宁(《哲学历史科学     

城市产业空间结构优化初探

城市产业空间结构优化初探田宇在我国城市建设综合开发蓬勃发展的形势下，探讨城市产业空间结构优化问题，对于强化城市综合功能，实现现代化、国际化具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。一、实现产业空间优化是综合开发建设的重要目标之一从空间角度考察，城市建设综合开发可...     

GIS,ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT: THE ISSUE OF PRIVACY

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offer a good technical solution for the handling of large data bases in public administration. However, GIS also poses a problem in terms of ‘information privacy’. At State and Federal levels of administration in Australia, the issue of privacy, is being addressed through various administrative and legislative processes. At Local Government level, GIS technology is now being introduced at a fairly rapid rate, but as yet, there has been little discussion of the issue of privacy at that level. This article discusses the issue of privacy at Local Government level, and suggests that there is a pressing need to introduce some administrative reforms.     

The utilization of geographic information systems to create a site selection strategy to disseminate an older adult fall prevention program

Public health programmatic interventions are increasingly required to address the prevention needs of aging populations. Falls in adults age 65 and older are the leading cause of injury hospitalization in the U.S., and a leading cause of international fatal injuries in older adults. This project used geographic information systems (GIS) to create a site selection strategy for the dissemination and pilot evaluation of a community-based fall prevention program for older adults in Pierce County, Washington. Potential site addresses (n = 84), 2000 U.S. census data for adults ≥65 years of age, and local road networks, which were converted into service areas using actual travel time, were entered in a GIS. Potential sites were then ranked by census densities of older adults who lived within 10 min travel time. Nine sites launched the program, with the goal recruiting 20 older adult program participants at each site (n = 180). At the end of 12 months, participation exceeded program goals (n = 331). GIS can be used to determine actual travel time, and may facilitate the selection of community-based prevention program sites to maximize accessibility and utilization by targeted populations.     

空间定位抽样技术:民意调查中的新方法

在我国进行的民意调查中,研究者们无论采取哪种具体抽样方法,均需要以居委会提供的户口登记信息为抽样基础。随着我国流动人口数量的不断增大,依靠户籍信息抽样容易导致抽样覆盖范围存在偏差。在此背景下,空间定位抽样技术应运而生,该方法作为一种崭新的调查技术,使被调查对象的人口特征更具有代表性,对较为敏感的民意研究具有开创性地意义。本文阐述了传统抽样技术的弊端,介绍了空间定位抽样技术的兴起过程,并对该技术的具体实施步骤及难点进行了解析,最后提出了该法的两大适用条件。     

Payday lenders and economically distressed communities: A spatial analysis of financial predation

The payday lending industry has grown considerably in recent years, reflecting both widespread economic insecurity and market neglect by the traditional banking sector. Outlets are now commonplace in many communities across America. Accused by many of predatory practices, payday lenders can be viewed as financial hazards in already economically distressed communities. Using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and associated statistical analyses, this paper examines the social ecology of payday lending along the Front Range communities of Colorado. Comparison of means and logistic regression results reveal how communities’ composition by class, occupation, race/ethnicity, nativity, age, and military affiliation affect their likelihood of hosting payday lending.     

Using Geographic Information Systems to Create and Analyze Statistical Surfaces of Population and Risk for Environmental Justice Analysis

Objective. Methodological issues associated with the conventional statistical approach to environmental justice research, such as scale of analysis, continue to make assessments of environmental injustice problematic. Geographic information systems (GIS) can be used to facilitate multiscale analysis through the generation of statistical surface representations of both socioeconomic character and environmental risk. Methods. As a case study, U.S. Bureau of the Census and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency data sets were used to generate statistical surfaces of socioeconomic character and environmental risk for the southeast Pennsylvania region. Results. Analysis of these statistical surfaces reveals that socioeconomic status decreases with proximity to, and density of, hazardous facilities. Conclusions. Further research calls for incorporating other relevant information, such as amount and toxicity of toxic release, into GIS-based statistical surface representations of risk.     

Understanding neighbourhoods, communities and environments: new approaches for social work research

This article discusses some new ways in which social work research can explore the interaction between neighbourhoods and child and adult wellbeing. The authors note that social work practices are often criticised for taking an individualistic approach and paying too little attention to the service user's environment. The article uses examples of research projects from Chile, the United States of America and Wales, to discuss the use of spatially oriented research methods for understanding neighbourhood factors. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods approaches that are particularly appropriate for investigating social work relevant topics are discussed in turn, including quantitative and qualitative uses for geographical information systems (GIS), hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) for analysing spatially clustered data and qualitative mobile interviews. The article continues with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of using spatially orientated research designs in social work research settings and concludes optimistically with suggestions for future directions in this area.     

The Impact of Gentrification on Voter Turnout*

Objective. The goal of this article is to test between two competing theories (mobilization vs. destabilization) about the impact of gentrification on political participation. Methods. Using geographic information systems (GIS) software, Census data from 1990 and 2000, and a voter file for the City of Atlanta, we estimate a multilevel model of voter turnout. Results. Controlling for relevant individual and contextual factors, we find that gentrification decreases turnout among longstanding residents. Conclusions. Our findings provide support for the destabilization hypothesis and suggest that policymakers should develop strategies to soften the negative consequences of gentrification.