社会保障的伦理诠释

社会保障体系的建立与运行必定有其内在的合道德性价值理念,而且,也只有建立在这种价值理念前提下的社会保障才具有存在的合理性,因此,对社会保障进行伦理阐释是非常必要的。社会保障伦理是指社会保障的道德正当性及其内涵的伦理意蕴和价值归属。对社会保障进行伦理诠释必然要涉及社会保障的伦理基础、伦理追求、伦理价值等方面。研究表明:"人的尊严"是社会保障的伦理基础;正义是社会保障的伦理追求;分配正义是社会保障的伦理价值。     

和谐:正义还是超越正义

从理论上讲和谐可以通过正义和超越正义两种方式来实现.虽然在直观上超越正义的社会、相互关怀的社会似乎是更加和谐的社会,但在现代社会只有正义的方式才能保证和谐,超越正义反而会导致压迫、带来不和谐.     

和谐:正义还是超越正义

从理论上讲和谐可以通过正义和超越正义两种方式来实现.虽然在直观上超越正义的社会、相互关怀的社会似乎是更加和谐的社会,但在现代社会只有正义的方式才能保证和谐,超越正义反而会导致压迫、带来不和谐.     

矫正正义观现代转向的法理学思考——以食品大规模侵权行为为背景

传统矫正正义观缺乏制度性的人文关怀,"无害于人"的消极行为标准导致了人与人之间的冷漠。现代社会是风险社会,合理行为的伦理标准取代了行事风险自负的非道德标准,矫正正义更应注重实质正义。矫正正义赖以存在的社会基础抽象主体平等和主体互换性已然丧失,矫正正义应作为一种独立的正义形式,而非囿于过错被视为分配正义之延续,其仍应视为侵权法的价值基础。大规模食品侵权行为背景下矫正正义观的现代转向应偏重安全,对私法主体区别对待,对弱者进行制度性人文关怀,从社会资源配置的角度关心受害人的生活状态和质量变化,呵护人的内在世界。     

新伦理与旧角色:五四新女性身份认同的困境(英文)

五四新女性是在学校这一现代教育平台由新文化启蒙话语塑造而成,她们的意识形态认同来自新文化,是以个人主义为核心的正义伦理;而她们的性别认同及相应的关怀伦理,却使其对“旧道德”下的女性同类有更多同情。为实现个人权利、维护神圣恋爱,她们“忽略”名分、委屈尊严,在新旧道德的模糊地带与有妇之夫结成特殊婚姻。而非正常婚姻关系的缺憾,爱情中隐含的性别等级,个人自由与关怀伦理的对立与冲突等,都导致她们陷入认同危机。新女性身份认同的困境,体现了“五四”正义伦理的道德局限,而五四文学表达的某种匮乏,亦源自这个局限。     

新生代农民工体面劳动的伦理审视

体面劳动回归劳动的本体价值和人文关怀,尊重劳动者的主体尊严、关照劳动者的生命安全和权利公正、追求劳动者的自我价值实现,是迄今为止最进步和文明的劳动伦理形态。新生代农民工作为我国重要的建设力量和劳动主体,理应获得社会的认同和尊重。然而,由于制度正义失缺、社会道德关怀缺失、主体现代化能力薄弱,他们在劳动中人格尊严得不到尊重,劳动权益保障缺失,社会保障权利贫乏,社会话语权缺失,体面劳动实现困难重重。推动新生代农民工实现体面劳动,应加强对这一阶层的伦理关怀和价值认同,积极构建公平正义的制度体系、营造人道主义的社会道德环境、提升他们的主体现代性素养。     

The Ethics of and Oversight over the Judiciary

司法权的伦理关涉着司法权的品行,而司法权的品行则又关涉着社会的正义信仰体系建设。司法权的伦理根植于司法权的中立本质之中,因而必然迥异于党政伦理、军警伦理。法官职业伦理能力之实质是在相互叠加、冲突的利益关系中做出恰当选择的能力,而选择的恰当性则以绝对排除自利标石。欲使此标石稳固于每一法官的灵魂结构中,就必须开伦理规则控约、机构监督、法官自我修行三途。     

论环境伦理作为生存关切的理论品格

环境问题和由此引发的生存困境是人类面临的时代问题,环境伦理是以深层文化的现实性去关切人类的存在,规范人类的思想与行为,协调人与自然之间的关系,它不但体现了人类为自身的存在寻求安身立命之本,而且表达了人类期望伦理或道德能够成为解决这一时代问题现实力量的理论设想.作为一种生存关切,环境伦理是回归现实生活世界的形上关怀;是实现人之为人的理论域义,更是社会和谐发展的实践路向.其所蕴涵的人文情怀并不是由某种逻辑规定性确定的,而是由一种更为直接和感性的生存论承担起来的,并内涵于由环境伦理所启发的生活实践和人类自身的精神建构中.环境伦理理论品格的当代彰显必将对人类协调处理与自然的关系发生潜在的和持续性的影响.     

我国城市空间正义缺失的伦理视阈

城市空间正义的伦理诉求主要包括城市空间的平等性、属人性、多样性等方面的内容.伦理视阈内我国城市空间正义缺失主要表现为城市空间的贫困问题、异化问题和分区问题.要解决城市发展中出现的空间正义缺失问题需要从价值理性和工具理性两个层面寻找出路.     

凯尔森的法律与正义哲学理论

凯尔森认为,基础规范与效力递导原则是法律实存的结构要件,对法律规范的普遍服从能够催使合法性价值的生成,但合法性与正义不同,正义只能成为良法与恶法之间区分的标准。法律价值判断能够借助社会事实进行客观检验,但关于正义的判断却依赖于相互冲突的人类利益诉求,所以实证法律科学与法律哲学之间存在分野。文章通过阐释上述凯尔森立场中的基础性要素,指出其正义哲学理论中所坚持的规范伦理相对主义立场,与其自身所持的认知相对主义立场、基础规范理论及宽容原则存在着无法圆融之处,结果凯尔森成了一个带着伪装的伦理绝对主义者。     

Network governance among actors involved in the government’s contracting out of foster care services: A case study in China

The government's contracting out of foster care services in Guangzhou, China, introduced the possibility of partnerships between nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and government-led human services. To understand network governance among actors involved in contracting out foster care services, service funders, service providers, and service users were interviewed. A thematic analysis of interviews combined with a critical review of archival data was conducted. Drawing from the policy network governance analytic framework, we found that network governance conditions in contracting out foster care services were characterized by close interdependence among actors, moderate standardization in work duties, but nonreciprocal patterns of interactions, and low to modest levels of autonomy, along with strong power in the government but limited self-governance among NGOs and foster families. Our findings indicate that network governance was not fully achieved among actors involved in the contracting out of foster care services. Implications for practice and research are discussed.     

效率与公平视角下的和谐社会构建

把效率与公平关系和社会主义和谐社会这两个重要的主题放在一起加以分析,以发现它们之间具有的相关联系,是个颇具现实意义的研究内容。借助历史分析的方法,发现效率与公平关系的演进与和谐社会的变迁有着历史性的契合,由此得到的结论是,要构建的社会主义和谐社会同时也是效率与公平统一的社会,而通过实现效率与公平的统一可以为构建社会主义和谐社会开辟一条路径。     

高龄化视野下医疗资源分配的公正性研究

考虑到严峻的高龄化形势,20世纪中期以美国为首的发达国家开始审视医疗这一稀缺资源在社会不同年龄群体之间分配的公正性问题。功利主义指导下的年龄标准模型因主张限制向高龄群体分配医疗资源而饱受伦理与法律争议。在机会平等主义学者的推动下, Medicare最终确立了医疗资源应该向高龄人口倾斜的分配模式,从实质上确保了其获取医疗服务的平等性,保障了医疗资源的公正分配。     

政经合一与中国周边外交的拓展

新世纪中国周边外交的拓展有赖于平衡安全合作与经济增长两个方面。本文首先梳理了周边外交在整个中国国际战略和外交格局中的地位,进而分别以中国亚洲贸易格局调整与企业“走出去”战略为例,论述了贸易、投资如何与安全合作、地区合作相互促进,拓展了中国的周边外交。中国～东盟自由贸易区和上海合作组织的制度建设快速增进了东南亚、中亚与中国的投资贸易关系,而投资贸易关系的深化又促进了中国的周边外交。中国与周边国家的关系进入了一个日渐均衡的相互依赖阶段。     

A Randomized Evaluation of Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care: Effects on School Attendance and Homework Completion in Juvenile Justice Girls

Despite growing evidence that child welfare youth are at increased risk for juvenile delinquency, little is known about gender-specific processes and effective treatment programs for girls. Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC), an empirically validated intervention for child welfare and juvenile justice populations, has demonstrated efficacy in reducing arrest rates in delinquent boys and girls. In this study, the efficacy of MTFC on school attendance and homework completion was examined in juvenile justice girls who were referred to out-of-home care (N = 81). Results from this randomized intervention trial suggest that MTFC was more effective than group care in increasing girls' school attendance and homework completion while in treatment and at 12 months postbaseline. In addition, the previously reported effect of MTFC on reducing girls' days in locked settings was mediated by homework completion while girls were enrolled in the intervention setting. Implications for policy and practice are described.     

应对人口老龄化——对“接力”模式和“反哺”模式的再思考

在养老方式研究领域流行着这样一种观点:我国养老方式为双向的“反哺”模式,西方为单向的“接力”模式。笔者通过对最新的国内外文献研究发现,由于现实条件发生了重大改变,以上的有关国内外养老方式的划分方法已经不能准确地概括现实情况。从代际关系角度看,中西方养老方式没有本质的区别,用“相互依存模式”代替“反哺”和“接力”更能准确地反映养老方式的实质。     

A synergetic view of institutions

In this paper we attempt to demonstrate how, in the course of human cooperation, compulsions and forces come into existence which compel individuals into regularities of behavior. These behavioral regularities are labelled institutions; the approach selected is called synergetic, since it considers institutions to be the result of combined human actions. The compulsions and forces which emerge from human cooperation are generated by the individuals' dependencies, struggles for independence, and preferences. Whereas individuals act freely as subjects, they become objects under the compulsions and forces of compressed social interdependence.     

道德建设与和谐社会的构建

和谐社会的主要条件或标准之一就是诸种社会关系的伦理协调。社会关系的伦理协调主要反映着社会的主客观关系、利益关系、人际关系具有公正、有序和充满活力的特质。因而,构建和谐社会的关键在于,合理有序地规范和协调社会诸要素的关系,尤其要合理、有效地化解各种社会矛盾和冲突。这需要各种社会物质条件和文化精神资源的供应,其中道德资源和伦理规范就是构建和谐社会的主要支撑点之一。为此,应加强公民道德建设,提升和完善社会道德价值目标和价值原则;以人为本,完善人的德性;正确处理公平、公正和效率的关系,充分发挥道德资源在构建和谐社会中的核心作用。     

Do public services influence patterns of informal care? Informal networks and public home care in three Swedish municipalities

Whether an individual receives home care services depends on two factors: the functional disability of the care recipient and the caregiver's gender, when the living arrangements of the care recipient are controlled. Data from this longitudinal study of social networks and home care organization in 3 municipalities in Sweden show that care recipients with a severe disability received more home care services than others. In cases where the main caregiver lives together with the care recipient, the public services are adjusted to the family situation and are independent of the functional disability of the care recipient. Care recipients who live with the primary caregiver receive less formal help than do care recipients who live alone. When the primary caregiver does not live together with the care recipient, the public services are adjusted to the functional disability of the care recipient and are independent of the primary caregiver's gender. Care recipients supported by a male helper received more formal help than care recipients supported by a female helper. Those supported by a female helper received more informal help. Various models of relationships, supplementation and complementation between informal care and public services are discussed. The dependence on public home services is high. Assistance with basic activities of daily living is the first area requiring complementary contributions from the public services. A special type of kin independene was found, related to the function of public services in a modern and gender-equal society. The results provoke a discussion on research design as well as comments on welfare policy and gender equality in the transformation of the welfare state.     

社会正义观：生态社会主义的核心价值观

生态社会主义抓住社会正义问题并将其作为分析生态问题的重要方法论,揭示出生态问题的本质是社会正义问题,而资本主义制度的非正义性是产生全球生态危机的根源。将社会正义与生态正义结合起来,从政治正义、经济正义和文化正义等方面构建人与自然和谐以及人与社会和谐的公正的社会主义社会,才能最终解决人类面临的生态危机,走向公正社会。生态社会主义的社会正义价值观,虽然在一定程度上继承了马克思主义的公平正义理论,对认识生态问题的成因以及有效解决生态危机具有积极意义,但是其内在的理论缺陷,注定其与科学社会主义还相距甚远。