The Volunteer Citizen After Welfare Reform in the United States: An Ethnographic Study of Volunteerism in Action

In the United States, neoliberal strategies for social, economic, and state organization have been accompanied by frequent calls for volunteers to solve serious social problems. A case study of a community mobilization of middle-class volunteers to provide one-on-one support to families in poverty shows both possibilities and limitations. Volunteers provide social support to families in poverty, thus alleviating social isolation. Volunteers learn about systemic forces that cause poverty, its effects on families and communities, and about themselves and their capacities to engage in poverty work. However, social isolation is but one of many problems associated with poverty, and even a more knowledgeable amateur volunteer corps cannot take the place of substantial social, economic, and political change.     

Dangerous Work: The Gendered Nature of Bullying in the Context of Higher Education

This article discusses results from a research project which set out to investigate gender differences in the nature and experience of bullying within the higher education sector. Gender differences emerged in the form and perception of bullying as well as in target responses. Results also indicate that, irrespective of gender, bullies can capture and subvert organizational structures and procedures (such as official hierarchies, mentoring systems and probationary reviews) to further their abuse of the target and to conceal their aggressive intent. These outcomes are discussed in relation to gendered assumptions behind management practices and in relation to the masculinist ethic that underpins many higher education management initiatives. Overall, results indicate that bullying cannot be divorced from gender and that such behaviour needs to be seen in a gendered context.     

Welfare Reform in Indiana: The Political Economy of Restricting Access to Education and Training

This article interrogates welfare reform policies that restrict welfare reliant mothers' access to education and training. It focuses on how these policies have been implemented through the Indiana Manpower Placement and Comprehensive Training Program (IMPACT), Indiana's work first response to women's growing experience of poverty. Using methods of inquiry inspired by Dorothy E. Smith's articulation of institutional ethnography, a case study is developed to investigate the critical disjuncture that arises when welfare reliant mothers attempt to navigate these policies in the context of Indiana's extended political economy. It is argued that through these restrictive policies, welfare reliant mothers are forced into Indiana's unrelenting low-wage labor market, increasing the pervasiveness of poverty and further perpetuating the reproduction of inequality.     

Symbolic Interactions and the Development of Women Leaders in Higher Education

The under‐representation of women in higher education (HE) leadership is a persistent global phenomenon. The purpose of this research is to re‐examine this issue through symbolic interactionism (SI). Eight women aspiring to leadership were invited to participate in semi‐structured interviews after attending a leadership programme specifically designed to enhance their leadership prospects. Analysis indicated ambiguities and contradictions that surround notions of leadership, in particular how the participants position themselves and are positioned in their workplace. This was evidenced by the meaning they attributed to: recognizing a leader; interactions with existing leadership; and speculation regarding their leadership capacity. Gendered notions were apparent in their constructed meanings. Similarity attraction was also evident, with men being observed as ‘paying it forward’, therefore facilitating promotion. Formal leadership training was advocated rather than experiential processes.     

Meeting Family Housing Needs: Experiences of Rural Women in the Midst of Welfare Reform

Though sometimes overlooked, the availability, affordability, and quality of housing in rural communities are a potential barrier to transitioning from welfare to work. In this investigation we examine housing issues confronting 17 rural women and their families who were recipients of welfare benefits in 1997. Respondents' housing accounts illustrate the significance of reliance on both government housing subsidies and informal subsidies supplied by friends, family, and more distant relatives. The study focuses on concerns women have in meeting their families shelter needs and the complexities involved in doing so. The findings of the research suggest that additional housing policy initiatives, as well as a targeted research agenda are needed, especially for families whose welfare benefits are nearing termination.     

高职发酵技术课程的教学设计

结合生物制药技术专业发酵技术课程的教学实践,分析了高职发酵技术课程教学设计中的几个问题,提出专业技能训练与GMP实务相结合、专业课程教学与创新能力培养相结合的教学理念。     

高职文秘专业语文教学中培养学生创新思维能力的途径

为适应社会对创新人才的需要,作为高职文秘专业基础课程之一的语文教学必须注重培养学生的创新思维能力。文章结合作者的教学体会,探索在语文教学中通过教学内容的选择、文本解读、教学手段等途径,培养学生的创新思维能力。     

谈普通高职院校教育教学改革的潜在开发空间

近年来,在高等教育大众化和普及化的推动下,高等职业教育取得了长足的发展。高职教育正处于改革的重要时期,从分析高职教育改革现状入手,提出普通高职院校教育改革全面推进的新思路。     

Social Changes and Welfare Reform in South Korea: In the Context of the Late-coming Welfare State

The Korean welfare state is facing diverse pressures and challenges due to changing economic, social, and demographic circumstances: prevalence of the service economy, labor market flexibility, weakened family function and increase of untraditional families, lowest fertility rate and the most rapid ageing of the population among OECD countries, and so forth. These challenges, which indicate new types of social risks, have been stimulating a series of discussions on welfare reform in Korea. The old social risks such as retirement, ill health, poverty, and unemployment have not disappeared because of insecure or inadequate welfare, and now these risks are even intertwined with the so-called new social risks. Thereby the Korean welfare state is facing complicated reform tasks. This study attempts to analyze the structure and context of these challenges in Korea, and to explore the various driving forces that have formulated Korean welfare reform in recent decades. Through the above analyses, this study will shed light the characteristics of welfare reform in Korea as a late-coming welfare state.     

素质教育理念指导下的高职学生素质培养初探

职业教育是以传授或培养与社会生产和社会生活服务直接相关的职业中的技术技能岗位所要求的职业知识、职业技术技能和职业道德为主要内容的教育活动。在职业教育中的素质教育至关重要,为此,教师要努力提高自己的师德修养和职业素质;学生要注重适应性从业能力的培养,学校要健全学生素质评价机制。     

加强高职院校体育师资队伍建设的思考

加强体育师资队伍建设,提高教师队伍的综合素质和能力,是高职院校体育教学改革发展的首要保证。在阐述加强高职院校体育师资队伍建设重要性的基础上,对如何培养具有先进职业教育理念与卓越教育教学能力的体育教师队伍提出了对策。     

Generic distinctiveness and the entrepreneurial self: a case study of English Higher Education

Young people are increasingly called upon to invest in educational qualifications, experience opportunities and other character forming activities in order to stand out from the crowd. This fetishising of generic distinctiveness is promoted throughout education in England, and particularly Higher Education. This paper considers the policy and theoretical implications of the quest to enfranchise distinctiveness in English HE. From a policy perspective the universal promotion of distinction reflects how recent neoliberal reforms in HE have been moderated by a commitment to a liberal ethos of equality of opportunity. Theoretically the mantra of standing out from the crowd is emblematic of the entrepreneurial self as a tool of governmentality. The expectation of compulsory distinction encapsulates the duality of individualisation and regulation that is central to the project of governmentality. This duality is also implicit in the activity of enterprise and how it is calibrated by competition. Being entrepreneurial stimulates innovation but the uncertainty of competition may simultaneously stimulate isomorphic behaviours. The paper concludes by reviewing what the promotion of generic distinctiveness infers for young people and how the promotion of distinction is also bound up with the mantra of confidence.     

高职《汽车市场营销》项目化教学课程改革研究

深化"工学结合"的高职教育人才培养模式的改革,其主要任务就是高职课程的改革。文章就《汽车市场营销》课程基于工学结合教学模式下的项目化教学改革进行了研究和探析。     

高职顶岗实习党员的教育管理研究

随着社会经济的发展以及高职院校教育改革的深入,顶岗实习成为了高职教育教学体系不可缺少的环节和重要的教学组织形式．也是人才培养的重要阶段,但同时使得这一时期的学生党建工作面临着巨大的挑战。文章通过分析顶岗实习学生党员特点、存在的问题以及教育管理面临的挑战,对进一步加强和改进顶岗实习学生党员教育管理提出了一些建议。     

Schools of Social Work Contribution to Community Partnerships: The Renewal of the Social Compact in Higher Education

ABSTRACT

Embracing the concept that the social compact between university and community can provide a cornerstone for true social change. This article details how partnering with outside organizations in collaborative relationships can help fulfill higher education's obligation to educate for the good of a democratic and learned populace. Often the social conscience of a university, schools of social work can serve as leaders in the development or facilitation of university and community partnerships to address or intervene in areas of social need. One research institution of higher education provides successful examples.     

Managing the Student‐Parent Dilemma: Mothers and Fathers in Higher Education

In this article, I explore how student‐parents draw on cultural discourses associated with parenthood and education when talking about their child care choices and schooling experiences. Unlike many other studies, I include the voices of both fathers and mothers. College students have extraordinary demands on their time, and their instructors do not generally expect them to be parents. Some students feel that in fact they are expected to be bad parents, bad students, or both. The use of accounts allows student‐parents to assert they are good parents even as they spend less time with their children and make their schoolwork a priority some of the time. As they modify their understandings of their capabilities as parents and students in this setting, they come to see themselves differently. They potentially change others' understandings of what good parents and good students are as well. Both the parent identity and the student identity change in the context of the university.     

解决当前我国高职教育发展中存在问题的举措

分析了当前我国高等职业教育发展中存在的问题,提出了解决问题的举措:加强政府投入及宏观调控;明确办学定位、突出高职特色;大力推进素质教育;走产学研合作道路;加强高职双师型教师队伍建设。     

提升高职实验实训教学质量的对策

实验实训教学是职业教育技能型人才培养的重要保障,针对影响实验实训教学质量的几个方面提出相应的对策与措施。     

Assessing the Regional Economic Impact of Higher Education Institutions: An Application to the University of Cardiff

I evaluate the regional and local economic impact of the University of Cardiff, dividing its effects into two major sides: expenditure impacts and knowledge impacts. I review the major tools and methodologies available in the literature to assess the two sides. The expenditure impact in the financial year 2000–2001 is measured through a Keynesian multiplier model developed by the Centre for Advanced Studies in Social Sciences, Cardiff University, in order to compare that same impact in the 1994–1995 financial year. The university’s knowledge impact is assessed through two main variables: (1) employment and destination of graduates, or people impact, and (2) kind of knowledge produced. Cardiff University’s graduates enjoy full-employment, and according to our conceptual framework, Cardiff’s higher education system is classified as “nonactive” positional competition and “social” knowledge production.      

高职院校顶岗实习质量评价体系的构建研究

顶岗实习是高职教育重要的实践教学环节。针对当前高职院校顶岗实习质量评价中存在的主要问题,构建了一种包含实习前期计划准备、实习中期过程控制和实习后期评价反馈的质量评价体系．该评价体系具有评价主体多元、评价对象多样、评价内容系统、注重过程控制和结果反馈的特点。