农村留守儿童家庭教养方式的社会学分析

通过对农村"留守儿童"家庭教养方式的现状进行描述和归纳,分析产生不同类型的家庭教养方式的原因,以期引起社会各界对留守儿童群体的关注,更好地指导农村"留守儿童"的家庭教养方式,提高家庭教育质量,促进儿童的健康成长。     

发达国家审计发展及其对中国审计治理现代化的启示

国家审计是国家治理的重要工具,是人类文明社会发展的重要政治成果。中国实现国家治理现代化战略,离不开国家审计治理现代化。实现中国国家审计治理现代化需要吸取发达国家审计发展经验。本文考察了国家审计立法型模式、司法型模式和独立型模式的代表国家英国、法国、德国等三国国家审计发展过程及其政治意义、国家审计的制度环境与运作机制,从发达国家审计发展经验总结其对中国国家审计治理现代化的启示。作为中国政府财政责任控制工具的国家审计,应当适应中国发展的社会历史条件,与中国制度环境协调,形成审计协同治理体系。     

子口税对近代中国民族工业的影响

子口税是资本主义列强为扩大对华贸易、倾销商品、限制中国的内地通过税而强加于近代中国的一种新的税制。在子口税制度下,进口产品凭借子口税特权,打破了从通商口岸到内地市场的一切关税障碍,在市场上具有很强的竞争优势,无疑对近代中国民族工业产生了巨大的冲击,严重削弱了民族工业产品在市场上的竞争力,阻碍了民族工业的发展。     

中国共产党必须赢得当代中国进步青年——基于中共一大的分析与反思

中国共产党的诞生、发展、壮大同中国进步青年息息相关。进一步分析中共一大代表的详细情况可以发现,中国共产党必须始终代表青年、依靠青年和赢得青年,才能巩固自己的执政地位;中国共产党必须培养青年、教育青年和引领青年,青年才能健康成长;中国共产党必须重视、吸引和争取青年知识分子,才能始终保持自身的先进性。在当代,中国共产党与中国进步青年息息相关、命运与共,必须加强二者的联系与互动,推动中国共产党和青年的共同发展。     

"女国民"的兴起:近代中国女性主体身份与文学实践

近代中国思想界对"国民—国家"关系的建构,个体国民身份在政治话语中的确立,为近代女性谋求新的身份认同开拓了话语空间和政治空间。近代先进女性也正是在这种话语空间和政治空间中,通过女性与国家之间责任和权利关系的辩难以及性别角色与国民身份的博弈,确立了独立的个体身份——"女国民"。尽管这一概念并未形成系统而具有实践指导意义的政治理论,但她们通过别开生面的文学实践,一再言说和强化着这一主体身份,形成了声势颇为浩大的"女国民"话语;同时也因对"女权"、"民权"、"天赋人权"等概念的不同理解,在相关话语场的内部形成了富有意义的张力。     

Early cognitive skills of Mexican-origin children: The roles of parental nativity and legal status

Although one-third of children of immigrants have undocumented parents, little is known about their early development. Using data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey and decennial census, we assessed how children's cognitive skills at ages 3 to 5 vary by ethnicity, maternal nativity, and maternal legal status. Specifically, Mexican children of undocumented mothers were contrasted with Mexican children of documented mothers and Mexican, white, and black children with U.S.-born mothers. Mexican children of undocumented mothers had lower emergent reading skills than all other groups and lower emergent mathematics skills than all groups with U.S.-born mothers. Multilevel regression models showed that differences in reading skills are explained by aspects of the home environment, but the neighborhood context also matters. Cross-level interactions suggest that immigrant concentration boosts emergent reading and mathematics skills for children with undocumented parents, but does not similarly benefit children whose parents are native born.     

The effect of climate on migration: United States, 1995–2000

This paper examines the effect of climate on migration. We examine whether climate is an influential factor in internal migration. We assume that most persons tend to avoid exposure to bitter and cold winters, and excessively hot and humid summers, preferring climates between these extremes. When engaging in-migration decision-making, therefore, to the extent possible, considerations involving climate are believed to be brought into the calculus. There is a very limited demographic literature on the effects of climate on migration.In this paper, we undertake an aggregate-based analysis of the effect of climate on migration. We examine this relationship among the 50 states of the United States. We focus attention on the varying effects of climate on three migration measures for the 1995–2000 time period, namely, in-migration, out-migration, and net migration. We next evaluate the effect of climate on migration in the context of a broad application of human ecology. Here climate, a manifestation of the physical environment, is measured with three major independent variables. The other ecological predictors pertaining to organization, population, technology, and the social environment are used as controls. This enables us to examine the effects of climate on migration in the context of competing ecological hypotheses.     

战后初期资源委员会与对日索赔

中国对日索赔是战后初期 (194 5— 194 9)中日关系史上的一件大事。在索赔过程中 ,资源委员会起了重要的作用。由于美国在对日索赔中处于主导地位 ,所以资源委员会的对日索赔深受美国政府索赔政策的影响。随着战后世界形势的变化 ,美国的索赔政策渐趋消极 ,再加上其他因素的影响 ,直接或间接地导致了资源委员会对日索赔没有达到预期的目的。     

当代中国马克思主义大众化的路径选择

当代中国马克思主义大众化,就是中国特色社会主义理论体系的大众化。推进当代中国马克思主义大众化,对于深入贯彻落实科学发展观,弘扬社会主义核心价值体系具有重要意义。为此,推进当代马克思主义大众化,就是要坚持把马克思主义大众化与关注和改善民生相结合,与领导干部的＂身教＂相结合,与高校思想政治教育相结合。     

中国传统道德代价思想述要

中国历代社会在演化发展的过程中,产生了大量的道德代价,引发了人们对道德代价问题的思考。但中国传统社会还没有"道德代价"的概念,因而中国传统道德代价思想是以一种中国特有的表达方式呈现的,它集中地体现在义利、理欲、忠孝、礼仁四个问题上。     

中美合作开发三峡的构想与实践--以资源委员会与美国垦务局的合作为背景

从抗战后期开始,中断许久的三峡开发工作又重新启动.技术力量的薄弱,使国民政府选择了同美国合作开发的方式.资源委员会作为主管中国水利事业的重要机构之一,为三峡的开发做了大量的准备工作,这其中包括与美国方面的协商合作.工程设计是三峡开发工作的重要组成部分,也是中美合作的重点内容,在这方面经验丰富的美国垦务局被资源委员会选定为合作对象.双方的合作取得了一定的成果,但因种种原因最终没有成功.从这一半途而废的合作中,我们可以管窥到中美双方基于各自利益基础上的基本考虑.     

Maternal migration and child health: An analysis of disruption and adaptation processes in Benin

Children of migrant mothers have lower vaccination rates compared to their peers with non-migrant mothers in low-income countries. Explanations for this finding are typically grounded in the disruption and adaptation perspectives of migration. Researchers argue that migration is a disruptive process that interferes with women’s economic well-being and social networks, and ultimately their health-seeking behaviors. With time, however, migrant women adapt to their new settings, and their health behaviors improve. Despite prominence in the literature, no research tests the salience of these perspectives to the relationship between maternal migration and child vaccination. We innovatively leverage Demographic and Health Survey data to test the extent to which disruption and adaptation processes underlie the relationship between maternal migration and child vaccination in the context of Benin—a West African country where migration is common and child vaccination rates have declined in recent years. By disaggregating children of migrants according to whether they were born before or after their mother’s migration, we confirm that migration does not lower children’s vaccination rates in Benin. In fact, children born after migration enjoy a higher likelihood of vaccination, whereas their peers born in the community from which their mother eventually migrates are less likely to be vaccinated. Although we find no support for the disruption perspective of migration, we do find evidence of adaptation: children born after migration have an increased likelihood of vaccination the longer their mother resides in the destination community prior to their birth.     

民族国家、本土性与女性解放运动——以晚清中国为中心的考察

中国女性解放运动的本土前提——民族国家建构,其重要性亟待以更合乎逻辑的形态被阐释出来。通过对晚清中国女性解放运动进行考察,可以发现,中国女性解放运动得以产生的问题意识建立在"民族国家"危机转化而成的"性别"文化危机上,性别文化危机并未构成独立的问题意识,因此女性解放运动必然要与民族国家建构运动相交叉,并以此作为确立自身合理性的重要依据;中国女性解放运动也因此形成了主体角色追求上的"女国民"、形态设定上的"群体性"两大特点,构成了与发达国家女性主义不同的价值追求、资源利用与路径设计。中国女性主义的未来发展不能建立在对西方女性主义资源的简单横向移植上,而应该落实在对本土资源批判性的反省与汲取上。     

跨文化交际学在中国的传播

跨文化交际学在中国日益受到各界学者的重视。本文旨在对其近些年来在中国的传播作一概括总结,并由此提出一些新的见解和意见,希望对我国的跨文化交际学的健康发展有一定的启示。     

Education, gender, and migration in the context of social change

Although sociologists have identified education as likely determinant of migration, the ways in which education affects migration are unclear and empirical results are disparate. This paper addresses the relationship between educational attainment, enrolment, and migration, focusing on the role of gender and how it changes with evolving social contexts. Using empirical analyses based in Nepal, results indicate that educational attainment has positive effects and enrolment has negative effects on out-migration and including enrolment in the model increases the effect of attainment. In the case of women, with the changing role of gender, increased education and labor force participation, the affect of educational attainment changes drastically over time, from almost no effect, to a strong positive effect. Consideration of enrolment, and the role of gender in education, employment, and marriage may help to explain the disparate results in past research on education and migration.     

爱伦凯在中国的传播与影响

瑞典思想家爱伦凯在20世纪20年代至40年代末的中国妇女解放史上,是一位影响深远的人物.本文首次系统地梳理了爱伦凯在中国的传播与接受情况,分析爱伦凯的创作对中国女性解放运动的意义及在传播中出现的问题.     

近代中国图书出版特征论

考察中国近世图书特征 ,必须将其放置在近代社会发生深刻变迁这一特殊历史背景下。究整个近代中国图书出版事业史 ,尽管充满了中西、新旧之争 ,但寻求独立富强、挽救民族危亡始终成为其鲜明的时代主题。与此同时 ,伴随着西方机械印刷术的传入、出版机构的多元化、图书结构的新趋向以及一系列出版法令的制定颁行 ,中国图书出版业逐步实现了由传统向近代的转变     

当代中国公民政治参与的五大特征

从政治民主化的视角来看,当代中国的政治参与,作为公民的一种行为,呈现出了显著的被动性、形式性、非理性、功利性和盲从性。     

南海问题与中国的应对策略

目前6国7方在南海形成激烈角逐局面;中国对南沙群岛拥有主权有充分的历史依据,其中南海九段线成为现代史上中国对南海拥有主权的标志性证据;"九段线"是岛屿归属线,还是南海疆域线,我国政府对此未作出明确界定,而是提出"历史性权利"应对;中国与东盟争端国就争端问题都提出了各自的主张;中国应从政治、外交、经济、法律、军事等方面采取综合性的策略来应对南海争端。     

目前生态环境史研究中的陷阱和误区

特定民族文化所处自然生态环境之间的互动制衡关系具有高度的复杂性,而历史文献对生态环境变迁的记载又难以具有准确性,因此,借助历史典籍记载从事生态史研究,客观上存在着四大陷阱和五大误区.若不借助民族文化的整体观、结构功能观和价值相对观来规避这些陷阱,揭示这些难以发现的误区,可信可凭的生态史研究就难以做好.