Housing and Health in an Aboriginal Community in Bourke,New South Wales

Many aborigines in rural and in urban centres live in housing conditions which prevent them from leading a normal family life. This paper describes how a deficiency in number, type, quality and administration of housing in the rural town of Bourke, New South Wales, contributed to the poor morale of the aborigines as well as being a physical, psychological and social health hazard.     

From Public Housing to Welfare Housing

This paper examines the shift in housing policy from public housing to welfare housing during the 1970's and the period of the Fraser government in particular. The period saw a series of new Commonwealth State Housing Agreements directed toward market pricing of public rental stock; at the same time Federal funds were declining, with marked effects on the public housing sector. The paper reflects on these trends and highlights certain contradictions in public housing policy.     

Alternative Housing

Many types of housing for older people that do not fit into traditional categories have been proposed, and some have been activated. A number of models are discussed, including the boarding/rooming house, cooperatives, house-sharing arrangements, hotels, mobile homes, community housing, the "granny flat," group homes, and foster homes. The ways in which each housing type meets basic residential needs are considered, including needs for a familiar environment, independence, privacy, personal security, social interaction, and social support. Most alternative housing models are of low appeal, solutions that are turned to either when other alternatives are unavailable or when personal needs happen to fit a particular alternative especially well. For both reasons, it is important to understand and foster the development of such alternatives, even if the numbers served will never be really large.     

The Hidden Housing Policy: Management of Public Housing Estates in Australia

Management of public rental housing is out of public view because most of the rules, regulations, and management policy directions arise from within the housing authorities themselves. As such, the policies can be vague, contradictory, and unrelated to the actual social and economic situations of the residents of public housing. The housing estate manager must translate these policies into a workable day-by-day relationship with tenants. The quality of housing estates is the result. We must be concerned, for on this quality rests the success or failure of our public housing policy.     

The South Australian Housing Trust: A Socioeconomic Case Study in Public Housing

The cost structure of Australian public housing authorities and its implications for the social administrative side of public housing operations is examined through a study of the South Australian Housing Trust. The importance of the pooled debt burden for lowering costs to well below private market levels is indicated. The sales policy is examined and it is argued that the sale of public housing into owner occupation is a major exacerbating factor in the high cost of rental rebating and in unbalancing the social mix among public housing tenants. The implications of the 1978 Commonwealth State Housing Agreement for the South Australian Housing Trust are briefly examined.     

Contested Housing Landscapes? Social Inclusion,Deinstitutionalisation and Housing Policy in Australia

Deinstitutionalisation is represented as a major step toward social inclusion through the resettlement of disabled people residing in segregated large‐scale institutions into community‐based homes. By promoting the right to live in ordinary community residential settings, deinstitutionalisation fundamentally changes both the support services and housing arrangements of former institutional residents. In Australia, as in many western countries, debates on community care have tended to focus on the location and nature of non‐housing supports for people leaving dependent care. This focus, however, overlooks the fact that deinstitutionalisation involves a radical rehousing of people in care. This paper explores the character and implications of deinstitutionalisation in Australia as a rehousing process. It is based on a recent national research project that has examined the housing futures of people with intellectual disabilities who have been, or will be, deinstitutionalised. The paper considers the increasingly divergent socio‐political perspectives that have emerged in recent discussions about social inclusion, institutional reform and independent living and their implications for housing and community care policies.     

Immigrants' Perceptions of Housing Discrimination in Toronto: The Housing New Canadians Project

The Housing New Canadians project investigated recent immigrants' perceptions of discrimination in finding rental housing since arriving in Toronto, Canada. Respondents from three immigrant communities —Jamaicans, Poles, and Somalis ά—indicated how much housing discrimination they had personally experienced and how much discrimination they perceived to have been directed toward their group. They also rated how much each of several factors, including race, income level, source of income, immigrant status, language, ethnic or national background, religion, and family size, contributed to each type of perceived discrimination. Jamaican and Somali immigrants perceived greater personal and group discrimination and also showed a greater discrepancy between personal and group discrimination than did Polish immigrants. Implications are discussed.     

Charitable Activity in England and Wales*

THIS paper reports the results of a random sample of 418 registered charities in England and Wales for 1975. The sample provides information on total income and assets and the distribution of charities by age, objects and size. The evidence suggests that the charity sector is considerably larger than had previously been thought, with a total income in 1975 of approximately £3,600 m. It is dominated by a relatively small number of large and active charities serving a limited number of objects. By far the most important of these (in terms of income) is the advancement of education, a broad group which includes independent schools and colleges.     

Social Housing Policy Challenges in Tasmania

This paper considers the social policy discourses that senior public housing and Non‐Government Organisation (NGO) housing managers employ to articulate and explain changes in social housing provision in Tasmania. We suggest that the Tasmanian social housing reform agenda is reflective of reforms in other Australian states. The period 2003–10 marked a time of policy change affecting social housing supply and policy discourse, which were influenced by neo‐liberal practices favouring multi‐actor governance models and financing. Interviews reveal that contradictory values and discourses were commonplace. Divergent views centred on the social goals and the efficiency elements of the new social policy focus, the Affordable Housing Strategy (AHS) and its eventual key delivery organisation, Tasmanian Affordable Housing Limited (TAHL). Despite constrained application, neo‐liberal processes remained strong within accounts of new social housing governance practices. We suggest that neo‐liberal practices have extended economic considerations into areas of social housing provision that were previously sheltered from market concerns.     

Women,Health and Housing Assistance: Implications in an Emerging Era of Housing Provision

Women and the households that they head are over‐represented among the most economically and socially disadvantaged households in Australia. Recent changes in the provision of housing assistance for low income households in Australia have distinct implications for women and this paper examines the implications of these changes. Shifting the emphasis in housing assistance away from publicly provided and rent‐controlled housing to direct subsidisation of rents for private tenants has important, largely negative, consequences for the health, affordability and security of housing for many women. This situation is made worse given the current housing affordability crisis in Australia; a crisis that extends across all private housing tenures.     

消费阶层和住房

随着我国住房制度改革深入 ,住房商品化已经逐步普及。“全国可出售公房的６０ %以上已按国家有关政策出售给个人 ,住房商品化程度有了很大的提高 ,城镇居民住房自有率达到７０ %左右 ,基本上形成了以居民自有产权为主、多种产权形式并存的新格局”（刘志峰 ,２０００）。在这种情况下 ,居民间的住房差异逐步趋于明显 ,因此 ,对各阶层的住房情况进行研究具有重要意义。本文的数据资料来源于２０００年７月由中山大学广东发展研究院对广东省居民实施的抽样调查。调查主要采取多段随机抽样方法 ,抽样的步骤是市———区———街———居委会。…     

The Retirement Housing Setting

The paper describes and analyzes selected environmental aspects of six widely varying retirement housing facilities, in particular, the ecological variable of site boundaries. The analysis tests a model predicting thar perceived community support in crises will be a joint function of site permeability and service availability. Data collected from interviews with 600 residents fit the model and showed that in settings with good service availability (five sires), the lower the site permeability, the greater the perceived community support; the one site with poor service availability, as well as lowest permeability, evidenced the lowest perceived community support in crises.     

英国住房福利政策研究

住房是居民最基本的生活必需品,但是 住房又不同于其他商品,不能完全依赖于市 场来解决,市场机制在住房领域部分失灵。如果完全依赖于市场的自发调节作用则无法实现住房