大规模个性化定制模式中的知识共享机制研究

在信息服务领域中,大规模个性化定制模式作为一种新型的策略逐步被人们所认识、认可和应用。知识共享量化模型通过理论建模、形式化推导、数字模拟等方法,分析了影响知识共享效果的关键要素,研究其对模型的影响,并给出改进建议。     

供应商机会主义行为对信息共享与运营绩效的影响

在交易成本理论基础上,构建供应商机会主义行为、信息共享与运营绩效之间关系的理论模型。以广东省珠三角地区189家制造企业为研究对象,利用结构方程模型对供应商机会主义行为、信息共享与运营绩效的关系进行实证研究。将信息共享划分为信息共享内容和信息共享质量两个维度,将运营绩效划分为速度、服务和财务3个维度。研究结果表明,在供应商机会主义行为与信息共享的关系层面,供应商机会主义行为对信息共享内容和信息共享质量均有显著的负向影响;在信息共享与运营绩效的关系层面,信息共享内容和信息共享质量均对运营绩效有显著的正向影响;而供应商机会主义行为对运营绩效有显著的负向影响。根据上述实证研究结论给出供应链企业和政府的相关管理启示。     

需求不确定下制造商服务投入影响销售的供应链信息共享与激励

针对需求不确定环境下制造商既提供产品也提供相关服务时产品服务供应链中的信息共享与激励问题,考虑零售商拥有需求预测信息且可选择共享任意水平的信息量,通过构建不完全信息下的动态博弈模型,分析了零售商信息共享水平、制造商服务效率以及消费者服务敏感性对服务价值和信息共享价值的影响,并提出了基于两部补偿契约的信息共享激励策略。研究表明：需求信息共享能够有效提升整个供应链的服务价值;当制造商服务效率或者消费者服务敏感性较高时,信息共享的服务改善效应将占优于其双边际效应,零售商会自愿共享全部需求信息并达到供应链"双赢";而当制造商服务效率或者消费者服务敏感性较低时,采用两部补偿激励契约可实现产品服务供应链中的完全信息共享,并且契约实施难度会随着零售商需求预测精度、制造商服务效率以及消费者服务敏感性的提高而降低。     

虚拟社区中消费者信息共享行为影响因素的实证研究

根据电子口碑和信息共享动机相关理论,提出了消费者在虚拟社区中信息共享的理论研究模型,采用结构方程模型对模型和假设进行了实证研究.结果表明,利他主义、表达正面情绪、自我效能感、归属感和形象声望是影响信息共享意愿的重要因素,而个人习惯对信息共享行为则有着显著影响.     

如何构建集团企业财务共享服务中心

财务共享服务作为一种新型的财务管理模式,能够有效地降低企业的运营成本,提升企业的控制力和核心竞争力,越来越受到理论界和实务界的青睐。财务共享服务模式在我国的研究和应用尚处于起步阶段,本文首先阐述财务共享服务中心构建的必要性,并且对如何构建集团企业财务共享服务进行相关研究,以加强财务共享服务中心在我国的应用。     

云制造创新生态系统知识共享激励的演化博弈分析

为了有效解决云制造创新生态系统知识共享不通畅的问题,分析不同情况下,关键因素对创新主体策略选择的影响及演化路径。基于有限理性和利益最大化原则,运用演化博弈理论,分析云制造服务集成商与供应商在知识共享激励过程中的策略选择,得出不同参数限制条件下的演化均衡策略,并对知识共享激励这一动态合作过程进行演化稳定性分析。研究表明：①云制造服务集成商的知识存量转化的收益、知识共享意愿、对供应商的信任程度、激励成本越大,云制造服务供应商的知识吸收能力越大,系统越倾向于向(不激励,参与)的路径演化;②云制造服务供应商的知识共享成本越大,系统越倾向于向(激励,不参与)的路径演化;③云制造服务供应商缴纳的罚金越大,系统越倾向于向(激励,参与)的路径演化。依据以上研究结论,提出了一些提升云制造创新生态系统知识共享绩效的对策建议,为云制造创新生态系统成员间的知识共享提供了理论指导。     

网商虚拟社区知识共享机制研究

本文根据社会认知理论、社会资本理论和技术接受模型,研究了网商在虚拟社区共享知识的过程,从知识共享自我效能、结果预期、感知易用性、感知有用性、社会互动联系和信任等方面,对网商在虚拟社区进行知识共享的影响因素进行了分析,并在此基础上构建了网商虚拟社区知识共享机制模型。     

高科技电子行业中双渠道信息共享研究

在当今高科技电子行业中,越来越多的企业在开设传统零售渠道的同时,也开设电子商务的网络零售渠道。这种双渠道模式为企业带来了高利润,也带来了新的渠道冲突。本文研究零售商通过附加增值服务的方式来缓解渠道冲突的情况,引进零售商的价格增值参量作为信息共享价值分析中考虑的一个因素,进一步量化分析双渠道信息共享的价值问题;运用博弈论中的斯坦伯格均衡和贝叶斯均衡理论,给出研究双渠道信息共享价值问题的一般方法,分析讨论共享信息后对各个企业及整个供应链的利润分别起到怎样的作用。     

云财务共享服务实训课程建设的思考

我国第一家财务共享服务中心是在2005年建立的,近年来,财务共享模式受到许多大型集团公司的青睐,财务共享模式在我国得到了迅速发展。为了适应新时代对会计信息化人才的要求,必须引入云财务共享服务实训课程,改革传统的人才培养模式。文章介绍了开设云财务共享服务实训课程的必要性,从教学目标、教学内容、教学方法和教学评价等方面分析云财务共享服务实训课程的框架体系,提出云财务共享服务实训课程的建设路径。     

基于动态中台架构的财务数字化转型研究——以传统数据密集型企业为例

伴随数字经济的发展,传统财务管理架构僵化、信息沟通不畅、抗风险能力差等问题逐渐暴露。如何有效开展财务数字化转型是当前我国传统企业亟待解决的难题。尽管既往研究已探索过以共享服务中心或中台为核心的智能财务管理模式,然而相关研究多围绕互联网企业及泛零售企业,聚焦于静态的组织架构,未能充分考虑数字经济时代外部市场的快速变化。针对该问题,本文选取传统数据密集型企业为研究对象,从动态视角出发,以财务数字化转型理论和共享服务理论为基础,结合动态中台战略,应用大数据、区块链、人工智能等数字技术,创建了具备动态中台架构、深度智能化、以用户为导向等特征的财务数字化转型模型。在此基础上,通过对中铁四院的财务数字化转型开展纵向案例研究,验证这套模型的有效性。结果表明,该模型能够有效提升企业财务的数字服务能力和业务敏捷能力,以及改善用户服务体验。本文有助于进一步深化对中台的理论认知,并为传统数据密集型企业的财务数字化转型提供一定的实践启示。     

Employee green behaviour: A review and recommendations for future research

Despite the increasing awareness of impacts of organizational activities on the natural environment and the urgent need for sustainable management of ecosystems, emerging research on employee green behaviour in the field of management and organizational science is largely fragmented, requiring an integrative review. Seeking to better understand research opportunities and advance theoretical and empirical development, this paper evaluates available research on the topic by first reviewing conceptualizations and corresponding theoretical approaches. It then develops an overarching framework to evaluate the findings of empirical studies at different levels of analysis for different approaches. It concludes with recommendations for future research on employee green behaviour and provides important implications for environmental sustainability in organizations.     

A systematic and critical review of research on respect in leadership

Respect is an important psychological and interpersonal phenomenon that has been included in various theoretical and empirical approaches to leadership for nearly 70 years. In this systematic and critical review article, we provide a comprehensive summary and critique of theories, definitions, measures, and empirical studies of respect in leadership. We first provide an overview of the historical and theoretical background, including the most common theories, definitions, and measures that inform empirical studies of respect in leadership. Second, we present a systematic literature review of empirical studies on respect in leadership, including a critical evaluation of research designs and statistical analyses that support claims of the validity of various conceptualizations of respect that pertain to the study of leadership. Finally, we offer a new working definition of respect in leadership, and an accompanying conceptual framework which informs a number of recommendations for future theory development, empirical research, and leadership practice.     

A Review of Political Skill: Current Research Trend and Directions for Future Research

This paper reviews theoretical and empirical research on the use of political skill in organizations and proposes some agendas for future research. Although political skill is a relatively new construct in organizational politics research, a large number of theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted. Five major themes were identified in previous research. These are: (a) definition and measurement of political skill; (b) political skill and stress management; (c) political skill and career success; (d) political skill and individual performance; and (e) political skill and leadership effectiveness. This review critically examines previous empirical studies in light of this theoretical background and points out that, although previous empirical studies support the theoretically assumed effects of political skills, they fail to confirm how and why these skills bring about these effects. Based on this examination, the author suggests the examination of mediators and dimensional differences derived from theory that can lead to more effective exploration of the impact of political skill. In addition, several issues for future research are proposed, which may provide useful insights for both literature and practice.     

A Review of Risk Perceptions and Other Factors that Influence Flood Mitigation Behavior

In flood risk management, a shift can be observed toward more integrated approaches that increasingly address the role of private households in implementing flood damage mitigation measures. This has resulted in a growing number of studies into the supposed positive relationship between individual flood risk perceptions and mitigation behavior. Our literature review shows, however, that, actually, this relationship is hardly observed in empirical studies. Two arguments are provided as an explanation. First, on the basis of protection motivation theory, a theoretical framework is discussed suggesting that individuals’ high‐risk perceptions need to be accompanied by coping appraisal to result in a protective response. Second, it is pointed out that possible feedback from already‐adopted mitigation measures on risk perceptions has hardly been considered by current studies. In addition, we also provide a review of factors that drive precautionary behavior other than risk perceptions. It is found that factors such as coping appraisal are consistently related to mitigation behavior. We conclude, therefore, that the current focus on risk perceptions as a means to explain and promote private flood mitigation behavior is not supported on either theoretical or empirical grounds.     

A Model of Entrepreneurial Autonomy in Franchised Outlets: A Systematic Review of the Empirical Evidence

Entrepreneurial autonomy among franchisees is a persistent management challenge. There is a lack of empirical synthesis of its drivers, its consequences, and how it can be integrated with the standardization requirements in franchise systems. Various theoretical and empirical studies have stressed that merging franchisee autonomy with the franchisor's desire for uniformity is extremely difficult. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the relevant empirical studies in order to identify a range of influences, controls, outcomes and associated moderating and mediating factors that offer a better representation of what contributes to the understanding of franchisee entrepreneurial autonomy. By drawing together findings from a broad range of theoretical perspectives, the evidence was used to develop a comprehensive model of entrepreneurial autonomy in franchised outlets. The model not only provides a structure that brings together prior studies, but also identifies the less researched areas that can advance the management literature on the notion of autonomy in franchising. The research and practitioner implications of the review and its limitations and possible directions for future studies are discussed.     

Observing leadership as behavior in teams and herds – An ethological approach to shared leadership research

Both Shared Leadership Theory and evolutionary theories of leadership emphasize the role of team-level patterns of influence on team or group success. Yet, most of the empirical work on the effects of shared leadership assesses the concept through patterns of subjective perceptions of leadership and behavior. Although these studies give us important insights, subjective perceptions of leadership are prone to biases. In this paper, we draw on evolutionary theories of the development of leadership in groups and argue that group-level patterns of observable behavior have a direct effect on team outcomes above and beyond patterns of leadership and behavior perceptions. On the basis of a brief review of ethological assessment methods of leadership in animal groups, we derive implications for team leadership research methods to test hypotheses on team-level influence patterns and performance. Emphasizing the role of influence in terms of interpersonal behavior we formulate implications for the assessment and analysis of verbal and nonverbal behavior in teams. Finally, we discuss how technological advances may be utilized to promote behavioral observations in team leadership research.     

A Model for Evaluating Organizational Competencies: An Application in the Context of a Quality Management Initiative*

Despite the important contributions made by the Competency‐Based Perspective (CBP) to strategic thought, certain issues on the operational definition of the theoretical concepts that characterize this approach remain unresolved, thus limiting its empirical application. In addressing this issue, the present study puts forward a procedure for measuring the competencies that can be developed in association with a Quality Management (QM) initiative and analyzes the reliability and validity of the resulting scale. This procedure could be transferred to studies that aim to carry out an empirical analysis based on the theoretical position of the CBP.     

战略实施与企业绩效:项目管理机制的中介效应

项目管理理论认为,战略可以通过项目管理机制得以实施,但多数文献对项目管理机制在业务战略和企业绩效之间的作用机理缺乏系统的研究.本研究把"项目管理办公室"、"项目群管理"、"阶段门审查"等项目管理机制作为中介变量.引入到业务战略对企业绩效的影响过程中.研究发现,三种项目管理机制都对低成本战略一企业绩效有显著的中介效应,项目管理办公室对差异化战略一企业绩效有显著的中介效应,从而证实了项目管理机制在不同程度上可以作为战略实施的有效方式.