面向道德风险的易逝品供应链声誉演化研究

易逝品供应链协调问题常见于单期报童问题背景,而实际中供应链成员之间更常见的是多期合作与博弈关系。鉴于此,本论文将易逝品供应链协调问题的研究背景拓展至多期合作情形,在单边道德风险框架下研究制造商声誉的形成与演化过程,发现了易逝品供应链中制造商声誉的演化机制。最后对结论进行了数值分析和验证,并分析了各主要参数的结论的影响。     

时间价值下供应链多期道德风险激励机制研究

本文在供应链中提出基于时间价值的激励契约设计理论,研究了在信息对称和不对称情况下,供应链企业中制造商如何对供应商设计多期最优激励机制来达到防范道德风险的问题。在信息对称的情况下,帕累托最优水平可以达到,制造商支付给供应商固定工资,且制造商支付给供应商的固定工资与供应商的努力成本系数呈负相关,与供应商的能力、最大保留收入呈正相关;在信息不对称的情况下,帕累托最优合同无法实现,制造商必须付出代理成本。当制造商与供应商合作期限无限长时,制造商的期望收益现值总额与激励成本现值总额分别趋近于一个定值。     

供应链道德风险逾渗的临界状态研究

为了确定能将供应链道德风险控制在不对供应链造成重大危害的临界点,构建以人为力度的供应链道德风险复杂网络模型,并据此给出供应链道德风险诱发的传递特性和拓扑特性的变化规律。按照逾渗理论,根据供应链中道德风险传递的特征,以随机攻击与蓄意攻击两种方式控制供应链道德风险的传递过程,确定出在随机攻击与蓄意攻击两种策略下,需要控制的最小数量的员工,从而确定供应链道德风险逾渗的临界状态。结论认为,随机攻击时供应链道德风险系统呈现鲁棒性,而蓄意攻击时供应链道德风险系统呈现脆弱性,蓄意攻击供应链道德风险这种策略是非常有效,并且这种临界概率取决于供应链系统的结构以及道德风险的特征。     

供应链环境下业务外包的承包商道德风险因素分析

供应链环境下企业合作存在委托-代理问题.本文通过建立-个简单数学模型,分析了承包商道德风险行为动机与影响因素之间的定性关系,为构建供应链企业间的协作机制提供参考.     

双边道德风险条件下供应链的质量控制策略

运用委托代理理论方法探讨了双边道德风险条件下供应链的质量控制策略.在供应商的质量预防投入成本和销售商的质量评价投入成本均为不可观测的信息的情况下,供应商和销售商都可能会发生签约后的道德风险问题.为了减少由此产生的双边道德风险,将供应商提供不合格产品而销售商未能检测出时对供应商的惩罚,及销售商检测出供应商的产品有缺陷时对其施以的惩罚作为激励措施.在考虑了双方的收益目标后,建立了双边道德风险条件下的质量控制模型.运用进化规划算法对模型作了仿真计算.     

基于交易量的供应链网络演化模型研究

将加权网络演化理论引入到供应链网络领域,在具体分析供应链网络动态演化特征、供应链网络演化影响因素和加权网络演化模型的基础上,提出了基于交易量的供应链网络演化模型,刻画了供应链网络形成和演化机理,为正确认识、管理、控制和协调供应链网络提供了新的思路,为进一步深化研究供应链网络弹性提供了理论基础.     

一类复杂供应链网络的稳定性分析

本文研究了一条具有多条平行分销线路的复杂供应链网络的动态稳定性.运用线性稳定性分析,得出了该模型的线性稳定性,并结合仿真得到若将上游节点企业的库存考虑进订购策略,则将使得供应链更加不稳定,反之,若将下游企业的库存考虑进订购策略,同时若采用预期库存水平的加权平均值来调整订货率,则将使得供应链更加稳定;同时可以看出,供应链网络结构越复杂,其稳定性就会越低.     

复杂供应链网络视域下关系资本对供应链融资作用机制研究--有调节的多重中介效应模型构建与检验

从复杂供应链网络的视角出发,以供应链网络内各节点中小企业为研究对象,依照"资源-结构-行为-绩效"的思路,揭示供应链网络内中小企业积累的关系资本对提升其供应链融资获取频率的作用机制,并通过构建多群组SEM模型,验证供应链复杂性的潜在调节效应。结果显示:(1)中小企业积累的关系资本对供应链融资频率的提升有显著的促进作用;(2)对比"关系资本-供应链设计-供应链融资"与"关系资本-供应链整合-供应链融资"的拟合结果发现,两个特定变量的中介效应具有显著差异,且以供应链设计、整合为连续中介变量的多重链式中介效应模型成立;(3)供应链复杂性显著调节中小企业关系资本对供应链融资的转化机制链条,供应链复杂性越高,节点中小企业获取供应链融资更依赖"关系资本-供应链设计-供应链整合-供应链融资"的多重链式传导机制传导。这意味着,在复杂供应链网络当中,中小企业一方面需要提升自身关系资本积累,另一方面更要加强其在网络当中的位置优化,提升供应链整合水平,为获取更多供应链融资打下坚实基础。     

适应性供应链的复杂网络模型研究

面对经济全球化、顾客需求的多样化和众多不确定性因素,传统的供应链必须向适应性供应链转变。适应性供应链已经开始引起企业和学术界的关注。本文探讨了适应性供应链的概念,指出学习是提高供应链适应能力的一个重要途径,并提出了适应性供应链的一个初步模型框架。然后建立了供应链的复杂网络演化模型,导出了其基本统计规律,最后给出了仿真结果。研究对于探讨供应链的复杂动态演化规律具有一定意义。     

供应链企业的演化分析

供应链是连接"供应"和"需求"的桥梁,它通过物流、信息流、资金流等把供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商直到最终用户连成了一个整体,它与生态链有着一定程度的相似.供应链可以看成一种特殊的群落,其成员就是不同类形的种群,供应链及其所处的环境则构成生态系统.当环境发生变化时,供应链的结构与其成员在供应链中的重要性也将随之发生变化,可能发生核心种群移动、链条断裂、供应链消亡等多种情况.供应链的生存与发展依托于供应链成员的演化和成员间的相互作用.     

Retail consolidation in synchronized supply chains

Summary  In this paper, we describe a basic model to analyze a mixed consolidation strategy with direct and indirect shipments through stockless consolidation centers. This model can help to approximate the potential savings in a retail distribution network. Based on our transport consolidation model, we show that Supply Chain Synchronization considerably increases the use of direct shipments and lowers the costs of handling and transport. This theory was applied in a practical case situation at a retailer in the Netherlands, with remarkable results. On the transportation budget for dry grocery alone, potential savings already exceeded 5 million Euro per annum. Further research will try to extend the model to accommodate delays at the consolidation centers, since these delays can increase the available load at consolidation centers, needed for an efficient hub operation.

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Zusammenfassung  In diesem Beitrag wird ein Grundmodell vorgestellt, mit dessen Hilfe eine gemischte Konsolidierungsstrategie untersucht werden kann, die aus direkten und indirekten Verladungen durch lagerlose Konsolidierungszentren besteht. Das Modell kann dazu genutzt werden, potentielle Einsparungen in einem Distributionsnetzwerk des Handels abzusch?tzen. Ausgehend von dem Konsolidierungsmodell der Transporte wird gezeigt, dass die Synchronisation der Lieferkette dazu führt, in erheblichem Ma?e st?rker direkte Verladungen einzusetzen, wobei gleichzeitig die Verwaltungs-und Transportkosten gesenkt werden. Der theoretische Ansatz ist auf ein Handelsunternehmen in den Niederlanden angewandt worden, wobei sich bemerkenswerte Ergebnisse einstellten. Allein im Transportbudget für Lebensmittel konnten bereits über 5 Mio. Euro pro Jahr eingespart werden. Weitere Forschungen werden darauf gerichtet sein, das Modell so zu erweitern, dass Versp?tungen in den Konsolidierungszentren mit behandelt werden k?nnen. Dies ist insofern von besonderem Interesse, da derartige Versp?tungen die Verladungen in den Konsolidierungszentren erh?hen k?nnen, die verfügbar sein müssen, um effiziente Hub-operationen durchzuführen.

     

Enhancing competitive advantage by constructing supply chains to achieve superior performance

This paper studies the impact of configuring supply chain design strategies on performance using real-world example of aligning different supply chain practices to supply chain strategies to achieve competitive advantage. The paper first carries out a synthesis of literature categorising the supply chain strategies, practices and linking them to contexts and competitive advantage. The paper then uses a case study methodology to explore the process of adjusting supply chain strategies and aligned practices to gain competitive advantage in different contexts. The paper reports two case examples of a leaf tobacco company and a mosquito coil manufacturer from India facing different demand characteristics and implementing different supply chain strategies for enhancing performance objectives. Both companies faced a change in their business environment and competitive priorities. In both the examples, companies used a combination of practices for implementing appropriate supply chain strategies to gain competitive advantage. This paper contributes to the academic discipline of supply chain management through developing theory showing the transition of supply chain strategies for achieving superior performance in different business environments. The paper has wide managerial implications by reporting real-life implementation of different supply chain strategies thus bridging the practice-theory gap.     

The dynamics of customer dissatisfaction in supply chains

This paper describes field research and its findings that investigate the relationship of a firm's position in the supply chain to behaviour. Specifically, perceptions of requirements, performance and customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction are the behavioural issues of interest here. The field research was carried out in four European supply chains in the automotive aftermarket, or spares industry. It was proven statistically and qualitatively that, in the chains studied, upstream relationships contained more customer dissatisfaction and more misperceptions about performance than did downstream relationships. Delivery performance was identified as the major cause of these problems, This has implications for planning and control. First, the Forrester-type swings in information upstream, proven in industrial dynamics, make planning and control decisions more difficult; this research identifies the detrimental effect of this on customer satisfaction. Secondly, measurement of delivery performance is identified as being a critical issue; not only should measures be made in planning and control but also they should be communicated and agreed with customers to prevent misperceptions occurring. As this research showed these misperceptions to be positively correlated to customer dissatisfaction, efTort to remove them from relationships should be treated as a priority.     

Innovations in humanitarian supply chains: the case of cash transfer programmes

Abstract

Cash transfer programmes (CTPs) are revolutionizing humanitarian supply chains (HSCs), yet just how CTPs are to be understood as innovation, and how they impact on HSCs, remains unclear. Innovation in the humanitarian context more often than not stems from outside humanitarian organizations – that is innovation occurs in their supply chain. The aim of this study is to further the understanding of supply chain innovation (SCI) in the humanitarian context. Based on empirical evidence this article suggests a supply chain innovation model (SCIM). This SCIM is useful because it allows different processes to be understood and compared, by providing guidance on how innovations progress. The contribution of this research is threefold: First, the research presents a SCIM for the humanitarian context. Second, this is the first application of a SCIM to the humanitarian environment. Finally, the research is field based and grounded in empirical observations thus adding to the literature and offering insights to practice.     

基于供应链视角的并购谈判框架

在基于利润分配的供应链多边谈判环境中,探讨了买方与部分供应商并购的谈判框架.首先,分析了买方与单个供应商并购的情形.结果给出两种框架下各方所获利润,并进一步给出未参与并购的供应商互动下的均衡.其次,分析了买方与多个供应商并购的谈判框架.在买方与多个供应商同时并购和依次并购两种情形下,结果分别给出三种不同框架下各方所获利润.结论表明,并购过程中的供应链网络结构和相关企业互动削弱了并购协同下的买方利润,从而企业应谨慎选取并购战略及其分析框架以实现并购的战略目标.     

Managing channel profits of different cooperative models in closed-loop supply chains

The importance of closed-loop supply chains has been widely recognized in literature and in practice. The paper investigates interactions among the different parties in a three-echelon closed-loop supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer, a single retailer and two recyclers and focuses on how cooperative strategies affect closed-loop supply chain decision-making. Various cooperative models are considered by observing recent research and current cases, and the optimal decisions and supply chain profits of these models are discussed. By comparing various coalition structures, we discover that cooperative strategies can lead to win–win outcomes and increase an alliance׳s profit and can be effective ways of achieving greater efficiency from the point of view of the overall supply chain. Finally, the paper presents a detailed comparative analysis of these models and provides insights into the management of closed-loop supply chains.     

供应链视角下零售商股权融资最优估值模型

股权融资激活了成长型企业协同供应链上下游捕获发展机会的能力,而基于市场套利定价理论的估值未能缓解投融资双方不断涌现的估值冲突,使得股权融资的合理估值探索显得愈发迫切。因此,为刻画供应链与博弈新视角下的股权投融资本质特征,构建了零售商股权融资模型,分析了新战略视角下缓和估值冲突的合作共赢空间,进一步探讨了股权融资战略中合理估值存在性,核心研究发现是,零售商股权融资中存在能协调各参与方利益的“合作估值区间”与最优估值,且最优估值受零售商在供应链结构地位的影响。     

Conceptual framework for measuring carbon footprint in supply chains

Over the last few years, the fight against climate change has become one of the main topics of international debate. Hence, consumer behaviour has begun to change as they have started to assess the environmental impacts of the products and services they buy. Although various methods exist for measuring environmental (e.g. carbon) impacts, there is no international consensus about the most appropriate one. In addition, calculations can also be affected by limited data availability and uncertainty surrounding the value of key variables. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for measuring and analysing the carbon footprint in supply chains. This research contributes to the knowledge and practice of green supply chain management, at the corporate level, by providing robustness. This aids the decision-making process by identifying strategies in order to reach the efficiency that can be achieved by reducing CO₂ emission over the supply network. The framework is validated using real data from a supply chain belonging to the agro-industrial sector. Finally, these results and experience is generalised in order to show the difficulties and challenges in the measuring task.     

基于以旧换新的闭环供应链决策模型

构建了3种基于以旧换新策略的闭环供应链决策模型,包括集中决策模型(C)、制造商销售第三方回收商回收模型(M3P)、零售商销售第三方回收商回收模型(R3P),并分别讨论了模型的最优定价与回收策略.通过理论与数值分析表明:制造商和整个供应链系统所获得的利润方面,模型C优于模型M3P,而模型M3P优于模型R3P;而第三方回收商所获得的利润方面,模型M3P也优于模型R3P;此外,根据产品全生命周期评估方法进行环境绩效分析,结果表明在环境绩效的表现上不存在具有绝对优势的模型.