Leading Article: Community Care as an Alternative to State Welfare

This paper challenges prevailing notions of community and community care. It exposes some of the confusions associated with current thinking and offers a more realistic interpretation, drawing upon the roots of the idea of community. By this standard, genuine community care is to be regarded as an alternative to state welfare, which it might serve to replace or complement.     

Emotional Climate as Emotion Accessibility: How Countries Prime Emotions

Many everyday collective emotions are shared emotional conventions, that is, social practices with an attributed emotional meaning (e.g., complimenting as a sign of conventional love). Emotional conventions lead to a collective priming of some categories of emotion. For example, New Year Eve's emotional conventions prime words such as "happy." We define emotional atmosphere and emotional climate as emotion accessibility caused by the priming of specific categories of emotion linked to emotional conventions. We report two sets of data in support of this approach: (1) the accessibility of categories of emotion in relation to unusual historical events (the 1992 World Expo in Seville and the March–April 2004 terrorist attacks in Madrid), and (2) the differential priming of specific categories of emotion on the Internet in different countries. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this approach to "emotional climate."     

西部:如何留住人才

西部大开发,经过舆论造势--出台政策--规划立项等前期准备,现已逐步进入组织实施阶段.西部地区自然条件恶劣,工业底子薄弱,城市化水平低,这是影响西部快速发展的客观不利因素.但与这些显见的不利因素比起来,西部还存在着一个潜在的难题,这就是在教育落后、人才匮乏的背景下所蓄积起来的人才资源的流失倾向,以及由此造成的"人才外流连锁反应症候群"现象.因此,采取必要的措施,积极有效地遏制西部人才外流势头,理应成为西部开发的当务之急.     

'We Got to Figure it Out': Information-sharing and Siblings' Negotiations of Conflicts of Interests

Given the importance of mutual understanding for constructive conflict resolution, this study investigated the influence of information-sharing on siblings faced with conflicts of interests. Thirty-two sibling dyads (ages 4.5 to 8) participated. Siblings were asked to negotiate the division of five toys between themselves. Half of the pairs first shared information on which toys they wanted and why. Results indicated that information-sharing increased children's knowledge of one another's interests, the likelihood of achieving maximally beneficial outcomes, and the involvement of younger siblings in problem-solving.     

Housing as Health Capital: How Health Trajectories and Housing Paths Are Linked

This article explores the relationships between housing and health inequalities. It locates housing within a network of health resources that can either promote well-being or increase susceptibility to disease. Housing thereby contributes to the accumulation, or depletion, of the health capital of individuals and communities. Qualitative interviews in three British regions help specify the links between health capital, on the one hand, and the network of resources, environments, events, institutions, and social relations comprising the housing system, on the other. The findings show why, from a health capital/health-resources-network perspective, a segment of the housing system (owner-occupation) that generally appears therapeutic can have the opposite effect for people whose resilience is low or whose health is in decline .     

Grief as an Emotion and as a Disease: A Social-Constructionist Perspective

This paper examines grief as an emotion and contrasts it with an alternative conception of grief as a disease. Emotions and (to a lesser extent) diseases are constituted, in part, through their relation to social systems. Recently, there has been a trend toward "treating" grief within the health care system. As this trend continues, grief will inevitably accrue some of the aspects of a disease, and it will lose some of its meaning as an emotion. The theoretical and social implications of this shift in meaning are explored.     

Meaningful Voices: How Psychologists, Speaking as Psychologists, Can Inform Social Policy

Kitzinger and Wilkinson (2004) posit that social advocacy can be argued for within both a discourse of equal rights and a discourse of mental health. They suggest that psychological evidence, because it is bound to a discourse of mental health, is currently not useful in advancing the campaigns for equal marriage rights. In our response to their argument, we (1) agree that the currently available psychological evidence is limited; (2) make the case that it is still important for psychologists to produce evidence that speaks to this debate; and (3) suggest how psychologists, still speaking as psychologists, can produce evidence that speaks to this debate through underutilized theoretical and methodological approaches to relevant issues. The authors analyze a key statement by United States President George W. Bush on the meaning of marriage and the available psychological literature on same-sex relationships to support their position.     

作为导论的哲学——《哲学要义》绪言

哲学的根本问题终归是有无问题,一切真正的哲学不是侧重于从无到有,就是着重于从有到无。如果说从无到有是创造、开显,那么从有到无则是摆脱、解放。但是,不管是创造还是解放,都是自由的体现,都以自由为前提。能从无出发或者能回到无,“我”才能面对真正的他者,并且也才能成为真正的他者。在这个意义上,他者问题也是一个存在论问题———当然是关于无的那种存在论的问题。     

Families on hold: How the context of an asylum centre affects parenting experiences

Migration, especially under stressful circumstances, places pressure on parental capacities. At the same time, being part of a supportive family is of prime importance for the well‐being of migrating children and parents. In this paper, we highlight the impact of the living conditions in a collective asylum centre on asylum applicants' parenting experiences through in‐depth interviews with and participant observations among parents in a Belgian asylum centre. Differentiating between the influences of the organizational and physical environments of the centre, our results reveal that various organizational aspects limit parental agency and well‐being and often render parents powerless in raising and protecting their children. Their physical environment, consisting of a dilapidated building, is experienced as a nonwelcoming, dangerous environment that leaves insufficient opportunity to establish a safe and stable home. We conclude that there is almost no attention paid to asylum applicants' parental role within the collective reception facilities. Further, their individual parental responsibility is emphasized, whereas the difficult environment of the asylum centre in which they have to raise their children is not criticized.     

经济全球化:如何达到"共赢和共存"

经济全球化是当代世界经济发展的客观趋势 ,其主要表现是生产活动全球化、国际贸易扩大、对外直接投资增加、世界金融市场急剧膨胀等方面。经济全球化对世界经济发展有双重作用 ,利弊同在。世界各国应加强经济技术的交流与合作 ,逐步改变不公正不合理的国际经济秩序 ,使经济全球化达到共赢和共存的目的。