管理学术与实践隔阂:和谐管理的桥梁作用

管理学术与实践各自自我循环的运作模式,使得二者之间存在较大的隔阂。从管理知识的形成与使用视角来看,原因包括两个方面:首先是管理知识的类型,目前学者们认为面向实际问题解决产生的模式2知识比传统学术研究产生的模式1知识更具实践价值,但分析发现模式1与模式2因其优劣互补而分别适应于不同的管理问题;其次是目前实践者对管理知识的消费偏好,据此给出了缩减管理学术与实践隔阂的整体思路及措施.和谐管理理论揭示了如何定位组织中核心问题以及解决问题的双规则机制,将其应用于上述措施,有助于促进管理学术与实践的有效对话。     

Physician executives explore "new science" frontier. Bridging the communications gap between medical staff and administration.

Physician executives are well positioned to take on a new leadership role: chief technology officer. Discover how you can combine your medical/scientific knowledge and business know-how to help usher in a new age of technological innovation.     

Bridging the Gap between Social Acceptance and Ethical Acceptability

New technology brings great benefits, but it can also create new and significant risks. When evaluating those risks in policymaking, there is a tendency to focus on social acceptance. By solely focusing on social acceptance, we could, however, overlook important ethical aspects of technological risk, particularly when we evaluate technologies with transnational and intergenerational risks. I argue that good governance of risky technology requires analyzing both social acceptance and ethical acceptability. Conceptually, these two notions are mostly complementary. Social acceptance studies are not capable of sufficiently capturing all the morally relevant features of risky technologies; ethical analyses do not typically include stakeholders’ opinions, and they therefore lack the relevant empirical input for a thorough ethical evaluation. Only when carried out in conjunction are these two types of analysis relevant to national and international governance of risky technology. I discuss the Rawlsian wide reflective equilibrium as a method for marrying social acceptance and ethical acceptability. Although the rationale of my argument is broadly applicable, I will examine the case of multinational nuclear waste repositories in particular. This example will show how ethical issues may be overlooked if we focus only on social acceptance, and will provide a test case for demonstrating how the wide reflective equilibrium can help to bridge the proverbial acceptance‐acceptability gap.     

Closing the gap between planning and control

Top management responsible for setting objectives, determining organizational purpose and developing appropriate structures are almost always far removed from the harsh realities of implementing plans and subsequent operational control. This paper explores two traditional responses to the problems of planning and control before explaining ways and means for integrating the functions through using the Expectations Approach which appears to offer a bright future for a career in planning and control, and also a constructive aid to the Board wishing to translate strategy into detailed operational programmes. Furthermore, it must be emphasized that in a rapidly changing social, political and industrial relations environment, the integration of planning and control becomes more critical unless planning is to become merely an expression of pious hope rather than a means of achieving the desired future.     

化解管理理论与实践脱节的两种模式:串联型关联与并联型关联

理论与实践的关系应该是既分离,又关联的,典型的关联模式有串联型关联和并联型关联2种.当前管理学界的很多研究成果不属于这2种关联模式的任一种,它们属于管理理论与实践脱节.根据管理学的学科属性和发展阶段判断,未来可以借鉴或借助这2种关联模式,化解或缓解管理理论与实践脱节问题.     

Business school research: bridging the gap between producers and consumers

There has been a great deal of continuing discussion concerning the seemingly unbridgeable gap between so much of the research produced by business school professors and the needs of the business people who, ideally, would use it. Here, we examine this gap and suggest a model for bridging it. We sample four groups of people, business school academics (professors), deans of business schools, executive MBA students/recent graduates, and senior business executives. Each group rates 44 different (potential) properties of exemplary research. We analyze within-group differences, and more meaningfully, between-group differences. We then offer commentary on the results and use the results to develop the aforementioned suggestions for bridging the gap we find.     

Business planning: The gap between theory and practice

The author maintains that the gap between the theory and the practice of corporate planning is growing. He examines the planning systems currently used and concludes that corporate planning as advocated by the theorists is not being practised in any developed form by large corporations.     

地区差异化背景下制造商双渠道定价策略研究

由于制造商对不同的地区出售的相同产品进行差别定价,当其引入网络渠道时,不仅会引起网络销售渠道和传统销售渠道之间的冲突,还会造成传统销售渠道之间的间接竞争,同时也会对制造商的地区差异化定价策略提出挑战.首先指出在传统零售渠道中,制造商实施地区差异化定价可以获得更大的利润,并给与证明.在此基础上,主要研究了网络渠道的引入对制造商定价策略的影响,并分别讨论了双渠道背景下的制造商的四种定价策略.最后,通过数值模拟和仿真对各个参数对不同的定价策略进行了比较分析,给出了相关结论.     

Medicine and management. Bridging the cultural gaps

Cost-effective health care requires the informed and intensive collaboration of medicine and management. Unfortunately, the two cultures tend to view the health care enterprise very differently. To physicians, the essence is individual physician-patient encounters, patient hospital days, nurse-patient contact hours, diagnoses, and procedures. To managers, the $1 trillion-plus colossus called health care is a challenge to corporate practices of finance, accounting, organization, planning, and personnel. The efforts of these two cultures to face medicine's dilemmas can result in conflict and confrontation--or in collaboration and synthesis.     

Governance strategy: a property right approach turning governance into action

Corporate governance (CG) needs to acknowledge the intentional part of governance, where an actor of governance uses the set of corporate governance mechanisms in order to influence the agent to create a performance that will satisfy the interest of the principal. This paper offers a conception of this activity through the concept of governance strategy. The concept is based on a property right approach and derived within the context of agency theory, stressing the interest and the capacity of the principal. It is applied to two empirical organisations seldom investigated in CG research: the organisation of multinational corporations in a business group and the organisation of a riding school in a democratic not-for-profit association, thereby extending the relevance of the concept from corporate governance to organizational governance. The empirical analysis indicates the relevance of the conception and suggests further extension through hypotheses of governance strategy related to environmental influence, accessibility of governance mechanisms and momentum of mechanisms.

Spare parts classification and demand forecasting for stock control: Investigating the gap between research and practice

This paper investigates the gap between research and practice in spare parts management, with specific reference to durable goods addressed to private or professional customers. The paper provides a critical literature review of theoretical contributions about spare parts classification and demand forecasting for stock control. The discussion of ten case studies, then, allows to analyze the reasons for this gap, by addressing the limitations of models developed in literature, the role of contextual factors and the maturity in companies' spare parts management practices. Four main directions for research are proposed in order to bridge the gap, namely: to develop integrated approaches to spare parts management; to define contingency-based managerial guidelines, to favor the knowledge accumulation process in companies, and to supplement theoretical models with practical relevance.     

Bridging the Gaps between Impact Assessments and Resettlement Planning: A Case Study of Padma Multipurpose Bridge Project,Bangladesh

The traditional methodologies including spatial decision support systems have at times showed their ineffectiveness in terms of gathering, analyzing and incorporating diversified views of affected persons into resettlement planning. This ineffectiveness is in dealing with unstructured problems and uncertainty in analyzing alternative strategies. This paper therefore proposes an integrated methodology (combination of argumentative mapping and qualitative probabilistic networks) to counter these limitations. The new methodology was introduced in a large-scale infrastructure project to verify its applicability. Results derived from the study not only provide better insights into resettlement-related problems, but also indicate critical management options for desired objectives.     

作为研究者的管理者:链接理论与实践的重要桥梁

不仅理论本身的原因会导致理论与实践的脱节,管理者不愿意使用理论或者不正确使用理论也会造成理论与实践的脱节,因此对管理者实践逻辑本身的分析就非常必要。基于对管理者实践逻辑的分析,管理者不仅应作为研究对象进入研究过程,即对管理者的实践智慧进行研究、吸纳和提炼,而且应作为研究主体进入研究过程。弥合管理理论与实践的距离,不仅要基于实践的逻辑去构建理论,更要研究实践者如何才能成为一个高效的研究者。     

跨越非正式与正式市场间的制度鸿沟——创业支持系统对农民创业正规化的作用机制研究

创业者从非正式市场跃迁到正式市场的过程即正规化。基于制度经济学的研究往往将正规化视为成本收益分析后的合法性转变,忽略了非正式制度对该过程的影响。事实上,非正式市场中的创业者仅凭自身力量难以跨越不同市场间的制度鸿沟,需要依靠制度中介发挥桥梁作用。本研究综合制度经济学与组织制度理论视角探究创业支持系统作为泛制度中介如何助力农民创业者实现正规化。基于此,选取央视《致富经》栏目中10个农民创业实例作为样本,运用扎根理论方法探析农民创业正规化过程。结果表明:私人、学术、政府、非政府组织四类创业支持者实施一系列克服结构性制度空洞的举措,既提供了跃迁的经济激励和基础设施,更弥合了非正式与正式价值观念、行为规范、合理性认识之间的差异,促进了创业者在个体、网络、系统层面的变革。总体上,创业支持者及其支持举措构成的"泛中介"创业支持系统为农民创业正规化提供支撑,而提升该系统的稳定性将有助于变革的实现,使当地市场与制度环境得到改善并诱发更多农民创业跃迁行为,最终形成正规化的良性循环。