发展民营金融机构与中小企业融资——日本经验与借鉴

经过20多年的以市场取向为主导的经济体制改革,我国的经济结构已由一元化转向多元化,非国有企业对GDP的贡献率逐年上升,但金融结构却严重滞后于经济结构的演进,金融机构为民营企业,尤其是为民营中小企业所提供的融资服务仍是相当单薄的。因此,借鉴国外经验,大力发展民营金融机构,不仅有利于解决中小企业融资难的问题,而且对我国金融体制的改革也具有重要的意义。     

Long-term care policy and financing as a public or private matter in the United States

Effective approaches to assure adequate resources, infrastructure, and broad societal support to address chronic care needs are volatile and potentially unpopular issues that can result in many losers (those getting far less than they want) and few winners (those who gain access to scarce societal resources for care). In the United States, debates on long-term care involve a complex set of issues and services that link health, social services (welfare), and economic policies that often pit public and private sector interests and values against one another. Yet long-term care policies fill a necessary function in society to clarify roles, expectations, and functions of public, non-profit, for profit, individual, and family sectors of a society. By assessing and developing policy proposals that include all long-term care system dimensions, a society can arrive at systematic, fair, and rational decisions. Limiting decisions to system financing aspects alone is likely to result in unforeseen or unintended effects in a long-term care system that stopgap "fixes" cannot resolve. Three underlying policy challenges are presented: the need for policymakers to consider whether the public sector is the first or last source of payment for long-term care; whether government is seen primarily as a risk or cost manager; and the extent to which choice is afforded to elders and family caregivers with regard to the types, settings, and amount of long-term care desired to complement family care.     

民营企业人力资本风险分析与控制

人力资本可以带来远远高于物质资本的未来收益。但人力资本与其所有者具有不可分离性,因而企业能否获得人力资本的高额收益,既与企业拥有的人力资本数量和质量有关,同时还与人力资本拥有者的积极性直接联系。企业人力资本风险管理就是对企业拥有的人力资本由于企业成员的人身伤亡、不足、流失而带来的人力资本数量的短缺、不足,由于成员素质、能力不够所形成的人力资本质量低下,以及由于激励不足或代理风险所形成的人力资本产出低效等潜在损失风险进行管理。现代企业的竞争实质是人力资本的竞争,人力资本的上述风险暴露将对民营企业的竞争力…     

Social work in Spain: a new social and economic reality to develop in practical academic training

This work focuses on understanding how the current Spanish economic crisis is generating changes in the social and economic reality in which social work degree students are developing their practical training and on knowing if this new reality has an impact on their training and on the vision, they can create of the profession. Using a mixed qualitative methodological approach, we aim to visualize and analyze the opinions and insights that both social work professionals and students provide. Online and face-to-face interviews were conducted with social workers working as practice tutors. Likewise, two focus groups were set up and social work degree students at the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (Spain) were also interviewed. The main results show that the new scenario creates a debate not only among professionals, but also among the students themselves. They value this stage as an opportunity to rethink their future professional practice. This article may be applicable to the European context, given that the economic crisis is affecting, to a greater or lesser extent, on the different welfare states in Europe.     

建设开放度最高的自由贸易试验区当好新一轮改革开放领跑者——关于国务院《进一步深化中国(上海)自由贸易试验区改革开放方案》的解读

国务院《进一步深化中国(上海)自由贸易试验区改革开放方案》突出以制度创新为核心,加快释放改革红利;突出以政府职能转变为重点,充分发挥市场配置资源的决定性作用和更好发挥政府作用;突出以可复制可推广为目标,形成更多具有示范带动效应的制度创新成果;突出以风险可控为底线,构建科学有效的风险防控体系.该方案有六大突破:在加快推进政府职能转变上实现新突破;在深化与扩大开放相适应的投资管理制度创新上实现新突破;在推进与国际通行规则接轨的贸易监管制度创新上实现新突破;在加强自贸试验区与“四个中心”建设的联动上实现新突破;在加强自贸试验区与全球影响力科技创新中心建设的联动上实现新突破;在加强自贸试验区法制和政策保障上实现新突破.     

Alone together: Public and private dimensions of a Tel-Aviv cafe

An illustrative case is presented which analyzes the temporal, physical, social and cultural borders of a Tel-Aviv cafe. The paper shows how the boundaries of a social setting change so that a private space becomes public, and vice versa, and how people themselves can feel they are in a private and public space at the same time. The findings are examined in view of the sociological discussion of public and private spaces. The conclusions point to the dynamic and elastic nature of social places as expressed in the specific cultural context of Israeli society, which is characterized by a unique blend of aloneness and togetherness. Finally, the study is related to the current theoretical debate between the interactionist and the structuralist approaches to everyday life.We would like to thank our colleagues, in particular Haim Hazan and Eviatar Zerubavel, for their valuable comments on earlier versions of this paper. We are also indebted to our friends at Afarcemon—owners and customers—for their cooperation.     

Analysis of the response structure to a set of questions with large number of scale points: a new combined metric and categorical approach

In the field of social sciences, certain tasks, such as the identification of typologies and the characterization of groups of individuals according to a set of questions, tend to pose a challenge for researchers. Further complications arise if the chosen rating scale is from 0 to 10, since the responses can be treated either as metric or categorical variables. This paper shows that neither treatment is able on its own to capture all the inherent properties of this type of data, and goes on to propose a bicriteria clustering approach, which captures both perspectives and enables the simultaneous analysis of mixed data using multiple tables.     

Open access family centres and their users: positive results,some doubts and new departures

This article reports findings from a research study of two open access, multi-use, community-based family centres. Structured, qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 adult users and 40 local adult non-users of the two centres. Additionally, a profile of user characteristics was derived from a survey of users attending over a one-week period at both centres. The vast majority of users were women in their twenties, just over half of whom attended with their children. The benefits and limitations of the current functioning of open access centres are discussed, with a potential shift in emphasis along a social development model proposed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Planning and management of community financing: a review of NGO approaches in the health sector

In the face of severe resource shortages, community financing is increasingly being promoted as an alternative source of finance for public health providers. Non-government organisations have long-standing experience of community financing, but there is little documentation of the range of approaches. In this review, a sample of twenty NGOs was studied to explore these experiences. The range of approaches adopted by different organisations and the information available regarding success in achieving financial sustainability are described. Two preconditions for successful community financing (in this sense) are suggested by the evidence: collection of relevant background data relating to the proposed site of the community financing programme, and consultation with the community.The Health Economics and Financing Programme is supported by the Overseas Development Administration.The authors acknowledge the helpful co-operation of the non-government organisations (NGOs) included in the study. Of course, final responsibility for the paper remains with the authors.     

Public good and private good valuation for waiting time reduction: a laboratory study

In a laboratory experiment, subjects were endowed with money and waiting time. Preferences for waiting time reduction were elicited with salient rewards both as a private good and as a public good. The allocations of the public good that were theoretically predicted by the Nash equilibrium and the Lindahl equilibrium, respectively, were computed from the individual private good valuations and compared with the subjects?? actual contributions. We found a significant positive correlation between private good valuations in terms of willingness-to-pay and public good valuations in terms of voluntary contributions. Group contributions to public waiting time reduction significantly exceeded the non-cooperative prediction and were close to the socially optimal level. However, for a majority of subjects, the Lindahl equilibrium was not able to predict the observed contributions.     

A secret vice: a study of private language and imaginary kingdoms in childhood and adolescence

Children and adolescents often make up languages of their own and some belong to secret societies. This is a creative endeavor similar to the other expressive arts and may reveal a secret inner life in the child and a special gift expressed in forms of language. This is discussed as an issue in the childhood of several artists and in its implications for treatment.Ms Gerber is a Senior Caseworker, Jewish Board of Family & Children's Services and a Doctoral Candidate & Adjunct Lecturer at New York University School of Social Work and in private practice.This paper was presented in a somewhat different form for the International Conference on Fantasy in the Arts held in Beaumont, Texas, March 1985.