中小企业新产品开发关键成功因素的识别及其实证研究

创新对于公司绩效的重要性引致了许多关于识别新产品开发成功因素的研究。然而,这些研究的大部分都是针对发达经济或是大型企业的;对于中小企业在新兴市场中如何开发新产品研究则相对较少。这篇论文试图分析中国中小企业新产品开发的成功因素以弥补这一研究的空缺。不同于传统的分析方法将新产品开发的每一阶段的成功因素都认为是同质的,我们对于新产品开发过程的每个阶段的成功因素从管理的角度来进行审视。我们发现我国中小企业在创意设想阶段并不将经济回报作为首要标准。虽然各成功因素的相对重要性在不同阶段会有所不同,技术、营销、商业性、管理等因素在所有阶段都是重要的。这个结果对于中小企业在新产品开发的各个阶段如何开发和管理新产品有一定的启示作用。     

Managing Cross-Functional Cooperation for New Product Development Success

This article focuses on conditions that make cross-functional cooperation in new product development projects more or less productive. We investigate 40 NPD projects in the consumer electronics and pharmaceuticals industries in which R&D and marketing played key roles. We find that the contributions of cross-functional cooperation to NPD success are contingent on the type of market and technology opportunities being pursued. More specifically, our results suggest that when a project team pursues an opportunity characterized by high levels of technological and market risks, investments in high levels of cross-functional cooperation are warranted to increase NPD success. We do not find evidence that cross-functional cooperation moderates the relationship between the openness of an NPD project towards external information and knowledge and its performance. This suggests that less integrated project teams could achieve similar results as more integrated teams in terms of processing large quantities of information and knowledge without incurring the costs that may stem from high levels of cross-functional cooperation.     

基于供应商参与新产品开发的供应商选择影响因素分析及实证研究

供应商参与新产品开发(Supplier Involvement in New Product Development,SINPD)已受到越来越多国内外企业的关注,选择合适的供应商参与新产品开发成为企业实施SINPD的关键。以我国制造企业为研究对象,通过对国外相关文献的分析提炼出供应商选择的影响因素,据此设计了问卷量表,利用调研数据进行统计分析验证。研究表明,供应商技术能力、供应商的信誉及企业特征、供应商的合作经历、双方合作兼容性、供应商情景及合作的意愿是我国制造企业选择供应商的关键影响因素。     

从创新中获利：国外创新独占性问题经验研究述评

用以解释创新与独占性之间关系的PFI理论框架,为独占性问题提供了系统而全新的视角.受PFI框架启发,并借助于国家区域创新调查提供的企业层面数据,近几十年来西方学者对创新独占性问题作了大量经验研究,所考察创新独占性工具的范围也由知识产权(尤其是专利)拓展到领先时间、学习曲线、人力资源管理等.通过从企业独占性工具的使用及其作用,影响企业选择独占性工具的因素,以及各种独占性工具之间的关系3个方面对国外学者的相关研究进行梳理,总结出可能对中国创新研究有所借鉴的启示.     

Human Resource Development in SMEs: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Human Resource Development (HRD) in small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) is a significant area of scholarship. However, the cumulativeness of research on HRD in SMEs remains relatively low when compared to HRD generally. This paper reports a systematic literature review (SLR) to synthesise research in this area. A disciplined screening process resulted in a final sample of 117 papers published in 31 journals from 1995 to 2014. The synthesis of these empirical and theoretical studies revealed that: (a) the literature utilises a narrow range of theoretical and conceptual perspectives; (b) HRD is being investigated across a variety of SME contexts, themes and units of analysis; (c) researchers define HRD in multiple ways and use a diverse set of measures of HRD activity; (d) there is significant potential for future research across the SME and HRD disciplines, SME settings and beyond existing theoretical perspectives. We offer suggestions for further advancing the development of this area of research in terms of theory, content and methodology.     

供应商早期参与制造企业新产品开发的实证研究:供应商视角

供应商早期参与制造企业新产品的开发作为一种新型的合作模式,可以使合作双方获益。本文从供应商的角度,分析了供应商早期参与制造企业新产品开发的关键因素,并用实证研究的方法验证了这些因素对供应商早期参与新产品开发的影响路径。     

企业智力资本对供应商参与新产品开发影响关系的实证研究

供应商参与新产品开发（supplier involvement new productdevelopment,SINPD）已成为企业获得研发成功的重要合作方式。本文通过探索性因素分析提取影响SINPD的主因素,发现企业智力资本在其中发挥了特殊作用,并验证了SINPD的管理、企业间信任与承诺在智力资本影响SINPD关系中的中介效应。运用结构方程模型进行假设检验和路经分析,研究结果表明企业智力资本各因子选择性地影响了供应商参与NPD,即：关系资本对供应商参与具有直接积极影响,人力资本通过企业间信任与承诺对供应商参与具有间接促进作用,而组织资本对供应商参与NPD产生了反向作用,供应商参与对NPD短期和长期绩效有显著的积极影响。本文研究结论对于理解、解释我国企业的SINPD状况具有启发意义,为进一步探究SINPD的影响机理提供新的思路。     

企业衍生研究述评

通过对企业衍生领域已有典型研究成果的回顾,从企业衍生的概念、分类、动因、衍生企业发展阶段、成功要素及其与母体组织和集群发展的关系等方面评述了已有研究的成就与不足,剖析了研究热点与主要观点,给出了完善相关研究的具体建议。     

虚拟团队关键成功因素模型构建与实证研究

在对虚拟团队相关文献深入检索与分析的基础上,归纳、提炼出影响虚拟团队成功的15项关键因素,构建了虚拟团队关键成功因素三维(目标、成员、沟通)模型假设;通过对国内12家IT企业的问卷调查,收集到242条有效数据;利用描述性统计分析对15项关键因素进行了验证,利用R型因子聚类分析对三维模型假设进行验证,结果表明15项关键成功因素体现在目标一致性、信息技术能力、成员素质、领导能力和沟通协调能力五个维度上;最后,从这五个方面出发,给出了提升虚拟团队绩效的针对性策略.     

Strategic Flexibility: A Review of the Literature

Previous literature reviews of strategic flexibility have a number of shortcomings: they lack a specific focus in the field, provide an excessive definitional focus or lack a clear empirical overview of research in the field. To overcome these shortcomings, this paper aims to systematically analyse the literature on strategic flexibility by identifying its main characteristics, linking the different aspects together in a new conceptual framework, and considering the means to measure it. This comprehensive analytical model analyses various aspects of strategic flexibility in the relevant literature (156 contributions). Thus, the systematic and critical approach of this paper offers a novel perspective in understanding strategic flexibility, and contributes to the field by providing a consolidation of the literature and indicating future research avenues.     

Critical Success Factors for Strategic Alliances in the Information Technology Industry: An Empirical Study*

Intense competition in the marketplace is forcing organizations to examine different ways by which they could enhance or retain their competitive edge. Strategic alliance is one such option through which an organization can leverage its resources to emerge as an effective competitor. Such alliances are burgeoning in the information technology industry, which is characterized by rapid change and short innovation cycles. Successful management of alliances has proved to be very elusive for the most part, and there is a lack of theoretical and empirical work in this area. Literature on critical factors was synthesized, and then a parsimonious set of critical factors was identified using a combination of interview and survey methodologies. Our study has implications for both practice and future research.     

我国企业ERP实施成功因素经验性解析

ERP系统的实施是我国企业信息化战略的一项重要内容,有效地提高了企业的运作效率.ERP实施成功的影响因素具有动态性的特征,随着ERP实施阶段的进展而变化.经验性的分析揭示了ERP实施成功因素对实施绩效影响价值的存在性,以及不同因素的影响幅度,从而为我国企业进一步提高ERP的运作效率提供了现实性的理论借鉴.     

全球战略:一个文献综述

全球战略是国际商务和战略管理领域的一个重要研究问题。本文通过对相关文献进行考察,试图提出一个对全球战略的综合认识。我们的文献回顾显示:(1)全球战略包含多种要素,这些要素可能单独存在,也可能同时存在并起作用;(2)组织设计、组织协调和战略制定过程的公正程度影响全球战略的执行;(3)全球战略对企业绩效的影响受到全球战略类型、企业层面因素和外部环境因素的调节;(4)竞争环境的变化影响全球战略的演变,在一定条件下,全球战略也会向多国战略和地区战略转变。     

高绩效人力资源管理系统对新产品成功影响机制研究

本文以383家中国医疗器械生产企业调研数据为依据,实证研究了新兴市场企业高绩效人力资源管理系统对新产品成功的影响机制。由于新兴市场企业产品创新机制和发达国家不完全相同,在有效控制相关影响变量后,本文发现,动态能力对高绩效人力资源管理系统和新产品成功之间的关系起到部分中介作用;环境动态性对高绩效人力资源管理系统与新产品成功直接和间接关系以及总的关系存在显著负向调节作用。本文的研究丰富了新兴市场高绩效人力资源管理系统对组织创新影响的文献内容。     

组织环境的不确定性研究综述

不确定性作为组织理论研究中的一个重要概念一直在解释组织与环境的关系上占有重要的地位。本文首先探讨了环境不确定性概念的演化过程,然后对环境不确定性的来源和度量进行了总结,并在此基础对环境不确定性对组织的影响进行了归纳和分析,最后提出一些有待继续研究的方向和建议。     

国外企业不道德行为研究述评

近年来,由企业不道德行为引发的企业"丑闻"已经导致许多著名企业的破产,这也使得企业不道德行为成为管理者和学术界关注的焦点。然而,目前国内关于企业不道德行为的研究相对薄弱。有鉴于此,本文在梳理国外对于企业不道德行为研究文献的基础上,总结了不道德行为的内涵和测量;接下来梳理了不道德行为的理论研究流派,对不道德行为的前因和结果进行了回顾,并讨论了对企业不道德行为的管理方式;最后对当前研究的不足和未来的研究方向进行了展望,以期对今后的相关研究提供一些启示。     

整合框架下的产品属性比较机理研究综述

产品属性比较是消费者选择中的一个基本心理过程,学术界对产品属性比较过程的机理进行了诸多的研究,并提出了一系列的效应。基于此,对产品属性比较的过程进行了分解,从信息选择、对比参照和信息推断3个方面构建了产品属性比较的新框架,从而整合了产品属性比较中的效应机理。     

一种复杂新产品概念开发的结构化模型

针对复杂产品提出了一种复杂产品概念开发结构化模型,并且论述了该模型中产品概念域的层次结构和相互之间的联系;依据提出的模型框架,开发人员可以使产品概念结构化,能处理各种概念开发活动中的系统耦合问题;通过一个实例说明了该模型框架的应用.     

新产品开发项目的有效决策模型

为了研究影响新产品开发项目有效决策的诸因素及它们之间的相互关系,区分出这些因素中的促进项和抑制项,对北京中关村地区十多家高科技公司进行了实地调研,结合 20 多位项目经理的实践经验,归纳出了影响新产品开发项目有效决策的重要因素.认为决策者的先验知识、项目条件和决策者主观意识三方面因素是影响高科技新产品开发项目有效决策的关键.并构建理论模型对这些重要因素和相互关系进行了描述.     

Understanding and Development of Supply Chain Agility and Flexibility: A Structured Literature Review

This paper provides a review of the literature while contributing to academic understanding of the concepts of agility and flexibility within the supply chain. The research identified 83 peer‐reviewed articles through a structured review technique, which is based on a three‐stage refinement process. Data reduction procedures using codification, sentence strings and a review of keywords, title, abstract and conclusion were used in the search. The papers identified focused on organizational and supply chain agility and flexibility. The acknowledged gaps in understanding and development of agility and flexibility in supply chains were identified and categorized in terms of conceptual, contextual and methodological gaps. Subsequent to the gap analysis, this paper argues that effective relationship integration with key partners is a fundamental mechanism for mitigating the problem of control dissipation, which has hindered academic understanding with respect to development and application of agile and flexible capabilities in supply chains. The findings in this paper will help academics to gain a better understanding and to develop the concepts of supply chain agility and flexibility. In addition, the findings indicate that supply chain stakeholders need to address the issue of relationship integration when undertaking, or participating in agility and flexibility development programmes, so as to maximize supply chain performance. The paper concludes by highlighting implications for managers and researchers, and proposes a number of areas for future investigation.