共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Ann Morning 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(2):239-272
Academic interest in official systems of racial and ethnic classification has grown in recent years, but most research on
such census categories has been limited to small case studies or regional surveys. In contrast, this article analyzes a uniquely
global data set compiled by the United Nations Statistical Division to survey the approaches to ethnic enumeration taken in
141 countries. The motives for this analysis combine theoretical, applied, and policy objectives. I find that 63% of the national
censuses studied incorporate some form of ethnic enumeration, but their question and answer formats vary along several dimensions
that betray diverse conceptualizations of ethnicity (for example, as “race” or “nationality”). Moreover, these formats follow
notably regional patterns. Nonetheless, the variety of approaches can be grouped into a basic taxonomy of ethnic classification
approaches, suggesting greater commonality in worldwide manifestations of the ethnicity concept than some have recognized.
相似文献
Ann MorningEmail: |
2.
This study reviews the sustainable urban design concept and identifies critical factors for enhancing social sustainability
of urban renewal projects. Through a questionnaire survey carried out in Hong Kong, the opinions of architects, planners,
property development managers, and local citizens were sought and evaluated. The results derived from factor analysis indicated
that certain design features should be incorporated for achieving social sustainability. “Satisfaction of Welfare Requirements”,
“Conservation of Resources & the Surroundings”, “Creation of Harmonious Living Environment”, “Provisions Facilitating Daily
Life Operations”, “Form of Development” and “Availability of Open Spaces” were believed to be the significant underlying factors
for enhancing social sustainability of local urban renewal projects.
相似文献
Grace K. L. LeeEmail: |
3.
John Ermisch 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):827-853
The paper presents a model of a non-resident father’s child support and contact with his child, which combines the public
good treatment of “child quality” with “trade” in father–child contact time in a setting of non-cooperative interaction. It
predicts that father’s income and mother’s non-labour income should have exactly the same effect on the frequency of father–child
contact if he chooses to make lump sum payments to the mother. If he does not or there is a binding child support payment
order, they have effects opposite in direction. A higher binding support order reduces father–child contact but may well raise
“child quality”.
相似文献
John ErmischEmail: |
4.
Dirk Willenbockel 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):609-622
The article reconsiders the implications of the choice of pure social time preference for intergenerational equity in the
presence of a time-consistent utilitarian social welfare criterion. The analytic framework is a setting with overlapping generations,
lifetime uncertainty, population growth and technical progress. The analysis identifies upper and lower bounds for the feasible
range of social discount rates and draws a corresponding distinction between “gerontocratic” and “Stalinist” optimal plans.
The paper corrects a number of inaccurate propositions in a related earlier contribution by Marini and Scaramozzino (2000) to this journal.
相似文献
Dirk WillenbockelEmail: |
5.
The dynamics of immigrant welfare and labor market behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyzes transitions into and out of social assistance, unemployment, and employment. We estimate a dynamic multinomial
logit model, controlling for endogenous initial condition and unobserved heterogeneity, using a large representative Swedish
panel data set. The empirical results suggest that particularly refugee immigrants display a greater degree of “structural”
state dependence than natives. The high welfare participation rates among refugee immigrants may be due to the existence of
a “welfare trap”, while participation among natives and non-refugee immigrants is largely due to permanent unobserved characteristics.
These results suggest that welfare reforms may have differential effects on refugee immigrants and natives.
相似文献
Magnus LofstromEmail: |
6.
Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay 《Social indicators research》2008,88(1):115-130
The term “casual work” is not well defined in the literature and can include a diversity of types of employment. In this paper,
we first present an introduction and definition of concepts related to job security and economic insecurity. Second, a view
on the main labour market transformations, their causes and impacts, with more accent on self-employment. We will then reflect
on policy issues and on how social policies can impact on job security, and this is where we will introduce the new Québec
parental leave regime, which is a welcome effort to alleviate insecurity and economic difficulty for self-employed parents,
taking gender into account. We will conclude by considerations on the importance of economic security and the policies which
could support this, in a context where many stress the fact that “boundaryless” or “nomadic” careers are the way of the future
and that workers should simply adapt to this new context.
相似文献
Diane-Gabrielle TremblayEmail: |
7.
Helge Sanner 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):119-136
Existing theoretical literature fails to explain satisfactorily the differences between the pay of workers who are covered
by collective agreements and others who are not. This study aims at providing a model framework that is amenable to an analysis
of this issue. Our general-equilibrium approach integrates a dual labor market and a two-sector product market. The results
suggest that the so-called “union wage gap” is largely determined by the degree of centralization of the bargains and, to
a somewhat lesser extent, by the expenditure share of the unionized sector's goods.
相似文献
Helge SannerEmail: |
8.
We present several economic models of racial segregation and income inequality. The use of race as a signal arises from imperfect
information about the return to transactions with particular agents. In a search framework, signaling supports not simply
a discriminatory equilibrium, but a pattern of racially segregated transactions, which in turn perpetuates the informational
asymmetries. Equilibrium income disparities depend on the relative size of the minority group and on the informational “distance”
between races. Under some circumstances, minority agents will self-segregate since they face an adverse selection of majority
agents who are willing to trade with them.
相似文献
Richard StartzEmail: |
9.
Gil S. Epstein 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(3):707-715
This paper considers an economic analysis of intergenerational transition of ethnic and social trait. We consider the level
of social traits chosen by parents and its effect on their children’s choice of ethnic and social traits when reaching adulthood.
We develop a theory that suggests that parents will chose extreme ethnic and social traits to increase the cost that their
children will pay if they wish to deviate from their parents’ “ideal.” The extreme choice of the ethnic social traits of parents
has an effect on the segregation of minorities and migrants.
相似文献
Gil S. EpsteinEmail: |
10.
Previous attempts to measure material well-being or hardship have not made clear the relationship of individual items to the
broader concept of hardship. The current study used the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), a large-scale U.S.
survey with a large number of questions on the material circumstances of households to create a measurement model of hardship
that takes this relationship into account. A higher-order model with five-first-order factors: consumer durables, resources
available to meet needs, housing conditions, neighborhood problems and crime, and community services, and a single second-order
factor hardship fit the data well, with the “Housing” and “Neighborhood” first-order factors most strongly related to the higher-order hardship
construct. Despite our attempts to tie the hardship measures to objective conditions, subjective evaluations were strongly
related to most of the factors.
相似文献
Adam C. CarleEmail: |
11.
Martin Nordin 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):703-717
Using the Swedish military enlistment test, this paper estimates the return to schooling for individuals belonging to different
parts of the ability distribution. It also attempts to predict whether an endogenous test score causes bias in the “ability-specific”
returns to schooling that varies with the test score. A significant finding is that a higher score in the test is associated
with a higher return to schooling, but that the positive association is diminishing in the test score. In general, the bias
in the ability-specific returns to schooling does not seem to vary with the test score level.
相似文献
Martin NordinEmail: |
12.
Uzi Rebhun 《Social indicators research》2009,92(3):565-590
This study applies two different complementary statistical techniques to examine the structure and determinants of homeownership
and consumption of household goods among immigrants in Israel. Findings from partial-order analysis (POSAC) reveal significant
differences between immigrant groups by type, rather than level, of household characteristics. Suppliers of entertainment
(television) and of information-communication (computer) are the items that most strongly distinguish between immigrants.
The joint direction of the partially ordered space corresponds with home and car ownership. Immigrant groups are dispersed
in different parts of the household typology; with increased duration of residence in Israel immigrants move, albeit in varied
rhythms, toward improved housing conditions. A complementary logistic regression analysis, which controls for socio-demographic
variation and detailed tenure in Israel, show a likelihood of convergence of immigrants from all origin countries with the
core native-born group in owning a home. For other household goods, the findings largely coincide with the typology derived
from POSAC. The findings are discussed in reference to three conceptual expectations of “cultural norms”, “adjustment”, and
“structural-environmental considerations”.
相似文献
Uzi RebhunEmail: |
13.
In this paper, the data from the multi-purpose survey on household “Time Use” conducted by Istat (the Italian National Statistical
Institute) in 2002–2003 and the data from this same survey conducted in 1988–1989 will be analysed with the purpose of describing
the fathers’ daily participation in the domestic activities and of highlighting the changes that have taken place during the
14 years elapsed between the two survey editions. The analysis will be carried out using standard time-use data analysis’
tool, time budget tables and by applying a multi-variate regression model with the objective of separating the relative contribution
of the behavioural and structural factors to explain the variation observed.
相似文献
Dario BruzzeseEmail: |
14.
There is longstanding evidence that youths raised by single parents are more likely to perform poorly in school and partake
in “deviant” behaviors such as smoking, sex, substance use, and crime. However, there is not widespread agreement as to whether
the timing of the marital disruption differentially impacts youth outcomes. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
and its Young Adult Supplement, we find that an additional 5 years with the biological father decreases the probability of
smoking, drinking, engaging in sexual activity, marijuana use, and conviction by approximately 5.3, 1.2, 3.4, 2.2 and 0.3
percentage points, respectively.
相似文献
Kelly BedardEmail: |
15.
Causality Chains in the International Migration Systems Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Roel Jennissen 《Population research and policy review》2007,26(4):411-436
Research into international migration lacks a commonly accepted theoretical framework, which would facilitate the accumulation
of knowledge. This article aims to be a first attempt to construct such a framework and to incorporate causalities in the
international migration systems approach. The author presents a theoretical framework in which four groups of factors acting
on international migration are distinguished: economic, social, political and “linkages.” The causalities in this framework
are derived from different international migration theories. The various positions of these whole theories within the framework
are shown as causality chains. In a way, these causality chains form the time dimension of an international migration system
相似文献
Roel JennissenEmail: |
16.
Rebecca Smith 《Social indicators research》2008,88(1):197-213
Contingent, non-standard or “casual” work is present in large numbers in virtually every sector of the United States economy.
Staffing strategies that use subcontracted or contingent work – strategies that once characterized only some low-wage workers
such as garment and agriculture – have now spread to virtually every area of industry, including high tech and finance. United
States law is a patchwork of provisions in separate federal statutes – and sometimes in each of the 50 states – governing
whether a particular individual is an “employee.” Day laborers in the United States have particular challenging enforcing
their limited rights. To address the issues of vulnerable low-wage workers being locked out of labor protections, activists
have developed a number of strategies, including litigation and legislative campaigns. These strategies have more recently
been broadened to facilitate developing leadership in a new social movement. In this article I draw a portrait of the day
labor workforce from city- and state-based surveys of day laborers themselves. I then discuss strategies employed by day laborers
to advance their workplace rights.
相似文献
Rebecca SmithEmail: |
17.
Using public-use microdata samples from the American Community Survey, we find that Middle Eastern Arab men and Afghan, Iranian,
and Pakistani men experienced a significant earnings decline relative to non-Hispanic whites between 2000 and 2002. Further
analyses based on the Juhn–Murphy–Pierce wage decomposition technique as well as quantile regression indicate that this earnings
decline is not explained by changes in the structure of wages or in observable characteristics beyond ethnicity. Our interpretation
is that the unanticipated events of September 11th, 2001 negatively affected the labor-market income of the groups most closely
associated with the ethnicity of the terrorists.
相似文献
Marie T. MoraEmail: |
18.
Enrico Giovannini 《Social indicators research》2008,86(2):177-200
The importance of information in economic and political processes is widely recognised by modern theories. This information,
coupled with the advancements in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has changed the way in which markets and
societies work. The availability of the Internet and other advanced forms of media have made information more accessible to
citizens than ever before. Therefore, the ideal of the “fully informed decision maker” should be a reality. Unfortunately,
this is far from the case. As Einstein put it, “information is not knowledge” and although citizens are bombarded by information
on a constant basis, this bombardment does not necessarily bring about knowledge.
Several studies have analysed the characteristics of the knowledge society, as well as its impact on the production of “official”
statistics. In this paper we do not enter into this debate, but we analyse the role of statistics in building a knowledge
society and improving the democratic control of policy makers.
The paper analyses the relationships between information, expectations and economic theory, as well as the nexus between information
and political sciences. Various approaches to the measurement of societal progress and the role of “key indicators” in this
respect are also discussed. Finally, both theoretical models and empirical evidence about what citizens know on societal progress
are discussed and the OECD project on the measurement of societal progress is presented.
相似文献
Enrico GiovanniniEmail: |
19.
Analysis of casual work in British Columbia is an important issue given that the increase in casual work has been greater
in this province than in other provinces in Canada and given that the labour market has been substantially deregulated since
2001. In this paper, we analyse how individuals’ casual employment status affects their economic security based on a specially
designed survey undertaken by the authors. We follow the ILO’s classification of the dimensions of economic security but,
based on our findings, add a further dimension—Time security—As being of particular importance to casual workers. On the basis
of these results, we analyse the policy interventions that might be necessary to increase the economic security of casual
workers, policies which we suggest can best be conceptualized as providing a “security quilt”.
相似文献
Paul BowlesEmail: |
20.
Hispanic immigrant poverty is nearly double that of other immigrants. Furthermore, poverty rates among Hispanic families differ
substantially by ethnicity. This paper analyzes poverty rates for Hispanic and non-Hispanic immigrants, and also for individual
Hispanic ethnic groups, to determine the relative importance of different covariates of poverty. The general conclusion is
that low levels of education and fluency in English contribute to high Hispanic poverty rates and are also contributing factors
to differences in poverty among Hispanic ethnic groups. In particular, the high poverty rate of Mexican immigrant households
is associated with the low educational attainments of household heads, along with a relatively large number of children, relatively
low English fluency and a relatively short tenure in the U.S. Immigrants from Guatemala and El Salvador have substantially
lower poverty rates than Mexican immigrants despite a similar constellation of observable traits. Immigrants from South America
have low poverty rates, largely due to strong family work effort and high educational attainments. The relatively low family
work effort and high incidence of single parent families among Puerto Ricans overpowers the beneficial effects of higher rates
of citizenship and English fluency.
相似文献
Dennis H. SullivanEmail: |