四川民族地区农村基本公共服务供给能力提升研究——以教育为例

以四川民族地区农村基础教育为研究对象,以基本公共服务供给为研究视角,首先初步分析了四川民族地区农村经济社会发展面临的突出矛盾与特殊问题.然后运用从个别到一般的研究方法,重点分析 了四川民族地区农村基本公共服务现状及其影响因素.最后就提升四川民族地区农村基本公共服务供给能力,初步提出了相关对策与建议.     

民族地区地方政府公共服务能力建设解析——基于区域行政一体化发展模式视角下的思考

加强区域合作,推进区域行政一体化进程,有利于完善我国社会主义市场经济体制,进一步优化公共资源配置模式,促进民族地区地方政府公共服务职能的高效履行.同时也有利于激发民族地区地方政府参与建设服务型政府工作的积极性,实现民族地区公共产品和服务的高效供给与公平分配.新时期伴随着我国区域行政一体化工作的深入开展,要求民族地区地方政府通过树立科学发展理念,增强公共服务意识,建立健全法律体系,加强跨行政区域的协调沟通,并切实发挥民族地区各级地方政府自身比较优势,最终提高自身公共服务能力建设水平,实现民族地区的可持续发展.     

民族地区旅游厕所革命的障碍与路径选择——基于张家界武陵源景区的调查研究

旅游厕所是旅游公共服务的重要组成部分,也是旅游活动中不可缺少的基本要素。通过实地考察、单位座谈以及103位游客的问卷调查发现,民族地区旅游厕所建设与管理存在供给不足、卫生较差、布局欠妥以及管理落后等问题。通过理论和实践的双重分析得出,民族地区旅游厕所革命的最大障碍是供给问题,具体表现在资金缺口致使政府无力提供、地形崎岖致使设施不宜提供、理念陈旧致使发展不可持续三个方面。为了更好地开展厕所革命,民族地区一是要探索政府购买旅游厕所模式,拓宽厕所供给渠道;二是要规划设计旅游厕所空间布局,缓解如厕不便程度;三是要制订厕所革命重点行动计划,净化景区如厕环境;四是要创新旅游厕所建设管理理念,实施实时闭环管控。     

民族地区新型城镇化建设中城市政府能力问题探析——以湘西土家族苗族自治州为例

新型城镇化在民族地区的快速推进中,给城市政府能力带来了许多新的挑战。论文以湖南省湘西土家族苗族自治州为例,分析了民族地区城市政府能力建设的必要性,具体从学习创新能力、协调控制能力和公共服务能力三个方面明晰了新型城镇化建设给城市政府能力带来的考验,并在此基础上试图探寻提升民族地区城市政府能力的有效路径。     

民族地区财政转移支付的均衡效应研究——兼以广西壮族自治区为例

我国大部分民族地区公共服务供给的成本过高,地方财政无法提供与全国大体均衡的社会公共服务.国家对民族地区财政转移支付实施政策倾斜,并明确提出要进一步加大对民族地区的转移支付力度,促进地区间基本公共服务的均等化.本文认为,从纵向和横向看,民族地区财政转移支付对均衡民族地区财力起到了一定的效果,但民族地区财政转移支付存在明显的内部差异性,部分省区与全国财力差距越拉越大,转移支付的结构尚不合理.通过分析研究,对进一步规范民族地区财政转移支付提出了相应的对策建议.     

西藏农牧区村级公共服务制度创新研究——基于扶贫综合开发的视角

以西藏自治区扶贫综合开发为研究视角,以扎囊县德吉新村村级公共服务为研究对象,在比较分析民主村村级公共服务的基础上,考察了政府通过扶贫综合开发进而在推动农牧区村级公共服务制度创新方面取得的初步成效,然后紧密结合西藏农牧区发展实际,客观分析了农牧区村级公共服务在基础设施供给、基础教育供给、医疗卫生服务、村组织建设及社会服务等方面存在的问题与不足,并在学习和借鉴成都等地村级公共服务制度改革实践的基础上,提出推进西藏农牧区村级公共服务中心建设,完善西藏农牧区村级公共服务供给制度,创新西藏农牧区村级公共服务需求制度等对策。     

实现基本公共服务均等化的体制建设和机制保障的思考

实现基本公共服务均等化是社会转型进入关键时期我国政府提出的一个新的改革命题,是缓解社会矛盾和解决民生问题的现实需要,更是体现以人为本和弥补市场公共产品供给失灵的重要制度安排。实现这一战略目标,必须充分认识我国现阶段社会发展面临的突出矛盾和主要问题,分析矛盾和问题产生的原因,并努力解决好政策选择和制度保障问题.     

西部大开发以来民族地区的经济发展：基于“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”的分析

铸牢中华民族共同体意识是新时代民族工作的主线。加快少数民族和民族地区的经济发展,努力缩小各民族之间的经济社会发展差距,实现共同发展、共同富裕,是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的必然要求。文章基于“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”视角,分析了西部大开发以来,民族地区的经济发展,主要聚焦于缩小差距和基本公共服务供给。文章认为,取得了一系列历史性成就,为“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”奠定了较为坚实的经济基础。文章认为,铸牢中华民族共同体意识,核心是增强“五个认同”;加快少数民族和民族地区发展与铸牢中华民族共同体意识之间是相互联系和相互促进和共赢的;西部大开发二十年来,民族地区经济总体上实现了高速、持续和包容的增长,虽然绝对差距还在扩大,但相对差距在缩小,基本公共服务供给的覆盖面大,供给质量在有效提高,劳动者就业能力显著提升,这些都为“铸牢中华民族共同体意识”打下了坚实的物质基础。文章认为坚持党对民族工作的全面领导是加快民族地区经济发展,铸牢中华民族共同体意识的根本保证。     

西藏农牧区村级公共服务制度创新研究——基于扎囊县德吉新村与民主村的比较分析

改善农村基本公共服务是推进西藏社会主义新农村建设的关键所在.第四次西藏工作座谈会以来,中央政府逐步加大了对西藏农牧区基本公共服务供给的投入,农牧区基本公共服务面貌得到明显改善.然而,西藏农牧区村级公共服务制度创新仍没有取得重大突破,农牧区村级公共服务能力仍比较薄弱.通过西藏扎囊县德吉新村村级公共服务供给与民主村村级公共服务供给现状的对比考察可见政府通过扶贫综合开发建设,在改善农牧区村级公共服务供给方面取得的初步成效.然后紧密结合西藏农牧区发展实际,发现德吉新村村级公共服务供给存在的问题与不足,学习和借鉴成都等地村级公共服务改革实践经验,对创新西藏农牧区村级公共服务制度、提升农牧区村级公共服务能力有一定借鉴意义.     

“十二五”时期促进民族地区经济社会发展的基本思路

基于新时期民族地区经济社会发展基本形势判断,分析得出＂十二五＂时期促进民族地区经济社会发展的总体思路是以发展方式转变为主线,结构调整为主轴,重点抓好稳定、发展、民生、生态四个方面,提出九大重点任务：破除已存在的路径依赖,增强民族地区自我发展能力;进行民族地区资源型产业的转型和升级;承接东部产业转移和国际产业转移,推动民族地区经济社会发展;优化民族地区空间结构,实现区域协调发展;实现民族地区扶贫模式由开发扶贫向发展扶贫转型;重视利益关系调整与生态环境保护;推动公共服务均衡化供给,改善民生,与各民族共享发展成果;倡导民族地区发展低碳经济;扶持民族文化产业发展成为民族地区支柱产业。     

论民族自治地方立法公众参与机制的完善

The legislative public participation in ethnic minority autonomous areas has its legal basis. The fifth regulation in the lifa fa ( The Leg-islative Law ) of China makes a general require-ment on public participation in legislation. In order to ensure the effective participation of the public in legislation, some ethnic minority autonomous re-gions have outlined some requirements on public comment, demonstration, and hearing during the legislative process through autonomous regulations. These ethnic minority autonomous areas are com-prised of both autonomous regions, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties. However, the breadth and depth of the public participation in legislation in ethnic minority auton-omous areas is inadequate, and a perfect mecha-nism of public participation in legislation in ethnic minority autonomous areas has yet to be formed. This is mainly reflected in the following aspects:1 ) The relevant laws of public participation in leg-islation have not been perfected;2 ) The enthusi-asm of public participation in legislation is not high;3) Legislative information is not fully open, and the feedback mechanism has not been perfec-ted;4 ) The limited approach for public participa-tion in legislation, and the lack of ethnic and re-gional characteristics. To improve the mechanism of public partici-pation in the legislation of ethnic minority autono-mous areas, we can start with the following:1 ) Improving the legal regulation of public participation in the legislation of ethnic minority
autonomous areas The state and the ethnic minority autonomous areas should develop operational laws of public participation, so as to provide a legal basis for the public’s participation. The ethnic minority autono-mous areas should fully integrate the actual situa-tion of the local ethnic people and create autono-mous regulations with local characteristics, protect public participation rights, and promote public participation in legislation in an orderly and effec-tive manner. 2 ) Improving the level of enthusiasm forpublic participation in ethnic minority autonomous areas From a subjective standpoint, correct ideas on public participation in legislation in ethnic minority autonomous areas should be cultivated. Firstly, the awareness of the public participation in legislation in ethnic minority autonomous areas should be pro-moted . Secondly the autonomous organ’s concept of legislation should be changed. From an objective point of view, on the one hand, we should vigor-ously promote the development of the economy in ethnic minority autonomous areas. On the other hand, we should make great efforts to promote the development of civil society. 3 ) Improving dissemination of information and feedback mechanisms for public participation in legislation of ethnic minority autonomous areas The dissemination of information publicity and feedback mechanism of the public participation in-ethnic minority autonomous areas should be estab-lished on the basis of two-way communication and
consultation between the autonomous organs and the population of all ethnic groups in ethnic minori-ty autonomous areas. Autonomous bodies fully dis-close all kinds of legislative information to the pub-lic, from whom the autonomous bodies obtain legis-lative views, through to the legislative information feedback to complete the legislative interaction be-tween the two sides. 4 ) Developing and expanding effective meth-ods of public participation in the legislation of eth-nic minority autonomous areas The effective methods of public participation in the legislation of ethnic minority autonomous ar-eas can be considered from two standpoints:The first is the endogenous mode of public participation in legislation. This means, according to its own objective conditions and actual needs, relying on the inner force of the autonomous bodies and the populations of all ethnic groups, the ethnic minori-ty autonomous areas can explore and innovate suit-able methods for the local legislation of public par-ticipation. The second is the exogenous mode of public participation in legislation. This means, in order to expand the public participation in the leg-
islation, ethnic minority autonomous areas learn, understand, and borrow some foreign public partic-ipation methods and techniques, making it a suit-able method for local public participation in legis-lation.     

四川民族自治地方非物质文化遗产保护现状与保护策略

一直以来四川民族自治地方开展了具有一定广度和深度的非物质文化遗产保护工作,逐渐形成了国家、省、市（州）、县四级非物质文化遗产代表性名录保护体系。非物质文化遗产保护的＂后申报时期＂,四川民族自治地方应力争实现民族自治地方文化资源与优势资源结合、民族文化资源带动经济发展方式的深刻转变,探索非物质文化遗产保护常态化、产业化、多元化、专业化、制度化的发展策略和制度支撑。     

中国少数民族地区工业化的演进与结构变迁研究

文章分析了民族地区工业化的路径、历程和工业结构的演变。认为移植型工业化和嫁接型工业化是民族地区工业化的两条基本路径,这两种工业化相互补充,相互支持,共同推动了民族地区的工业化进程。文章把民族地区1949年以来的工业化划分为四个时期,在每个时期,中央政府和民族地区地方政府根据民族地区在全国经济社会发展宏观格局中的战略分工与民族地区各族人民对工业品的需求,民族地区工业化表现出相应的特点。文章指出,伴随着民族地区工业化的推进,工业结构发生了重大变化,并从轻重工业结构、规模结构、经济类型结构和行业结构等方面分析了民族地区工业结构的演变及特征。文章特别指出,目前民族地区对资源型工业的依赖在加大。[关键词]民族地区：移植型工业化：嫁接型工业化：工业结构     

城市流动少数民族人口的社会保障权及其实现

大杂居、小聚居的民族分布特点,从宏观上决定我国是一个民族杂居的大家庭。目前少数民族已遍布全国98％以上的县市,特别是对于一些大中城市,其区位优势、较快的经济发展都对少数民族流动人口具有巨大的吸引力。然而当少数民族流动人口从西部边疆和中部山区进入城市之后,失业保险、医疗保险、工伤保险、社会福利、社会优抚等社会保障权利常常得不到实现。造成这种状况的原因是多方面的,但思想观念和体制上的因素不容忽视,本文在对这些原因进行分析的基础上,提出了促进城市流动少数民族人口社会保障权实现的构想。     

中国民族间发展的多重差异格局与差别化、协同性政策开发研究——论中国民族关系的新形态与民族政策的新体系

After 60 years of implementation, the ethnic regional autonomous policy has provided basic political support for promoting the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups. Especially since the period of “Reform and Open-ing Up” began, the national preferential policies and support for ethnic minority areas gradually in-creased, and economic and social development in the ethnic minority areas clearly speeded up. Ac-cording to official statistics, after more than 30 years of “Reform and Opening Up”, the economic growth rate of China’s ethnic minority areas is high-er than the national average. However, at the same time , the economic and social development gap be-tween different ethnic groups has become more and more pronounced. The development of the ethnic groups has created a structure of multiple dispari-ties, which fundamentally restricts ethnic unity, as well as political and social stability in ethnic areas of China. This structure of multiple disparities re-flects the imbalances mainly in four aspects: 1 ) the ongoing large gap between the ethnic minority areas and Han Chinese regions remains; 2 ) the unequal economic and social development among the various ethnic minority people has expanded;3 ) the economic gap within the same ethnic minor-ity autonomous region has gradually become more pronounced;and, 4 ) the differences in develop-ment within the same ethnic group who live in vari-ous regions of China are also very obvious. The multiple inequalities of the economic and social development of China’s ethnic groups add more complexity to the ethnic problems of China. The disparity in economic and social development between different ethnic groups is not only an eco-nomic problem, but is also a significant political issue. Hence, promoting a balanced economic and social development among the various ethnic groups has a very obvious practical significance for main-taining ethnic unity, promoting national integra-tion, and maintaining national stability . Based on the discussion above, this article mainly explores which kind of ethnic policy can ef-fectively resolve the multiple disparities found with-in ethnic development and is beneficial for promo-ting the integration of the various ethnic groups in China? On the basis of summarizing and reviewing approaches found in earlier research, the author puts forward the following core ideas:1 ) The economic and social development differences of various ethnic groups have formed a pattern of multiple disparities in China, and it is no longer simply a gap between the Han and ethnic minorities. Since the implementation of the “Re-form and Opening Up” policy, the differentiation or disparity between China’s ethnic minorities has become more and more pronounced—this phenom-enon constitutes a new challenge to China’s ethnic unity and national unification. Therefore, we must adjust ethnic policy in order to solve the “true problem” or “new problem” concerning China’s ethnic problem. 2 ) The multi-faceted disparities found in the economic and social development among China’s ethnic minorities result from many factors, inclu-ding institutional, policy, historical, geographical, cultural, and psychological. Therefore, we must realize a diversity of ethnic policy, and build a comprehensive ethnic policy system. 3 ) For the purpose of realizing the integration and state construction of the ethnic groups, in ad-dition to implementing the current policy of differ-entiation, we must also ensure a “four balanced and coordinated development”. This includes a balance between the Han areas and ethnic minority areas, a balance among the various ethnic minori-ties themselves, a balance within the same ethnic minority areas, and a balance within the same eth-nic group who live in different areas. This requires the central government to strengthen a double dif-ferentiation and collaborative orientation of ethnic policies concerning the market, labor, resources, technology, and capital.     

西部大开发与四川民族地区生态经济建设

四川民族地区处于长江、黄河上游的特殊地理位置,这决定了它在西部大开发中以生态环境治理为目标的发展方向。本文从四川民族地区在西部大开发中的这一特殊地位出发,分析了国家区域经济分工中四川民族地区的地位变化对四川民族地区的影响,指出四川民族地区的发展方向是建立生态经济体系,并提出了为四川民族地区的生态公共产品定价、建立生态公共产品价格支付方式的建议。     

西部民族地区全面建设小康社会应注意处理的若干问题

本文从历史和现实两个方面分析了我国西部民族地区的基本情况,认为正确认识和把握这一基本情况是民族地区全面建设小康社会的立足点,并指出民族地区全面建设小康社会的关键是处理好与民族有关的若干问题,即东部与西部的关系;民族自治地方与中央及非自治地方的关系;少数民族与汉族的关系;杂散居民族与聚居民族的关系;传统文化与现代经济的关系。文章最后提出了战略机遇期民族地区全面建设小康社会的根本途径是全面贯彻落实党的民族政策,促进各民族共同繁荣进步。     

民族地区网红经济的生成逻辑、演化路径与经济社会影响研究

网红是随着互联网发展而出现的一种新兴群体,随之产生的网红经济是一种新型商业模式。近年来,随着互联网的普及和脱贫攻坚战的推进,我国民族地区网红经济发展速度迅猛。网红经济在帮助民族地区民众增收脱贫和推动地方经济发展方面发挥了重要作用。文章结合网红经济的生成逻辑和演化路径,对民族地区网红经济的生成逻辑、演化路径进行了探究,分析了网红经济对民族地区经济社会的影响,摸清了网红经济在民族地区发展遇到的困境,并从基础设施建设、质量监管体系、特色民族文化等角度提出相关政策建议。     

对民族地区城市社区建设的思考

城市社区基层政权的建设,已成为新时期民族地区城市社会经济、政治、文化发展的中心任务之一,本文通过对构建合理有序的城市社区结构、给城市居民提供完善的城市基础设施、营造社区建设良好的软环境、建立高效的城市社区组织队伍、创建社区服务评价体系等七个方面的思考,全面地梳理了民族地区城市社区建设的思路,指出了当前城市社区建设在民族地区城市化战略中的重要意义。