国外是怎样开发氢燃料电池车的

介绍美国阿尔贡国家实验室开发氢燃料电池公共汽车、国外各汽车制造商开始试生产氢燃料电池车和技术发展促进了燃料电池车的进步等。     

本田公司的FCX-V4型氢燃料电池车

介绍日本本田汽车公司在氢燃料电池、加氢站方面的研究开发的一些新动态和进展,以及其新研制的FCX-V4氢燃料电池车。     

绿色氢能源利弊共存

氢是一种理想的绿色清洁能源。因为氢在燃烧时的唯一产物是水,对环境没有任何污染,从而解决了矿燃料燃烧时产生的二氧化碳,最终导致地球变暖的问题。而且氢是宇宙中非常丰富的元素,它能够从水中制成;其本身出奇的洁净。当被输入到产生电力的燃料电池中时,氢的能源转换率要比石油高一倍,以氢为能源的燃料电池有希望解决我们目前所面临的几乎每一个问题,尤其是环境污     

世界公共交通简讯

<正> 加拿大 加拿大政府给予Ballard PowerSystems一项3000万美元的资助,用以研制燃料电池,供公共汽车和小汽车使用。这种燃料电池以氢和氧为能源。Ballard在1993年研制出93kW燃料电池,装于9.8m的轻载公共汽车上。1995年造出205kW的燃料电池,装于12m的重载公共汽车。Ballard与     

燃料电池公共汽车的欧洲试验计划

介绍燃料电池公共汽车和氢燃料基础设施在欧洲的试验情况,表明可达到最佳能源利用率,更洁净的或零排放,经过电池生产和氢燃料供应的扩大规模,有望进入国际市场。     

各国开发新能源的举措

美国试图在5年内解决氢能源成本问题 美国能源部试图在5年内花费17亿美元解决氢能源成本问题.自1990年以来,研究人员已经将燃料电池的生产成本削减了95%,如果能够进一步获得重大突破,那么回报将十分丰厚.据专家估算,如果美国1%的汽车和轻型卡车以氢作为燃料,那么每天将会节省400万加仑汽油.     

燃料电池人类未来的能源终极解决方案

燃料电池(Fuel Cell)其实并非电池,或许称为“燃料发电元”更为贴切,燃料电池组是一种直接将燃料通过电化学作用而产生燃烧反应并输出低电压直流电的组件所组成的装置。相对于其它化学电池来说,燃料电池其实是一种发电装置。燃料电池别于一般电池之处在于,它所参与电极反应的活性物质并不贮存在电池内部,而是全部由电池外部提供。它的出现彻底改变了电池不能连续工作的局限,只要不间断的输入反应物,它就可以不停地工作。燃料电池还具有直接汲取化学能的优势,主要的燃料以氢气为主,氢与氧透过电化学反应发生氧化作用并输出电能与热量,但热量远低于石油气的燃烧作用,有“冷燃烧”的说法。这种化学能转换为电动能的过程,节省了转换为机械能所须浪费的能量,展现出比内燃机顶多30%。甚至更高的能量转换效率。此外,它所产生的废热若再经回收利用,更可达到高达85%的总体能量利用率,可望成为最具经济效益的能源。     

零污染氢动力汽车能否拯救地球

近日,宝马氢动力7系轿车(BMW Hydrogen 7)面世,这款基本上是零污染的汽车,排放出来的主要是水蒸气。这一款汽车希望发挥这家车厂的潜力：拯救地球。其他车厂开发的氢气推动汽车用的是氢燃料电池,宝马这系列的汽车则以存在燃料缸的液态氢气作为推力,需要时也可以用汽油推动。宝马车厂希望这款汽车能为其塑造科技先进的形象。负责推广创新产品的宝马高层人士表示,这款车显示     

燃料电池车的开发与前景

介绍燃料电池车的工作原理、优缺点、我国开发燃料电池车的概况和美国有关人士对开发燃料电池车的一些看法等。     

再话燃料电池

介绍美国开发燃料电池的现状及联邦开发计划纲要、加氢站和燃料电池的各种不同的应用途径。     

新能源汽车技术与应用发展浅析

新能源汽车代表未来汽车发展方向。该文介绍了各种新能源汽车的技术比较、关键部件和应用展望，以及在2010年上海世博会期间将运行展示约1000辆新能源汽车，达到“园区零排放，周围低排放”的目标。     

STRATEGIC EXCLUSION OF THE HIGHEST‐VALUED BIDDERS IN WHOLESALE AUTOMOBILE AUCTIONS

By restricting bidders to be qualified dealers, wholesale automobile auctions exclude the bidders who place the highest value on the vehicles: consumers. This article provides an explanation for this puzzling entry restriction by modeling the inventory‐management decisions of a firm. If an automobile dealer has more vehicles in inventory than is optimal, it cannot reduce its inventory by selling directly to consumers without impacting the demand for the automobiles that remain. However, if the dealer sells his/her excess inventory to a competitor, the demand for his/her remaining vehicles increases as the competitor responds by acquiring fewer additional vehicles. We demonstrate that for any market demand function and any cost of the competitor acquiring additional vehicles, a dealer with excess inventory does better by selling a subset of its vehicles to a competitor rather than directly to consumers. We discuss the market for wholesale automobiles in relation to other markets where goods are also auctioned but where entry is not restricted to qualified dealers. Doing so allows us to compare our inventory‐management explanation to common explanations provided by industry practitioners. We find that intuitive alternative stories do not consistently explain practices across markets. (JEL D44, L11, L62)     

Patterns of correlation between vehicle occupant seat pressure and anthropometry

Seat pressure is known as a major factor of seat comfort in vehicles. In passenger vehicles, there is lacking research into the seat comfort of rear seat occupants. As accurate seat pressure measurement requires significant effort, simulation of seat pressure is evolving as a preferred method. However, analytic methods are based on complex finite element modeling and therefore are time consuming and involve high investment. Based on accurate anthropometric measurements of 64 male subjects and outboard rear seat pressure measurements in three different passenger vehicles, this study investigates if a set of parameters derived from seat pressure mapping are sensitive enough to differentiate between different seats and whether they correlate with anthropometry in linear models. In addition to the pressure map analysis, H-Points were measured with a coordinate measurement system based on palpated body landmarks and the range of H-Point locations in the three seats is provided. It was found that for the cushion, cushion contact area and cushion front area/force could be modeled by subject anthropometry, while only seatback contact area could be modeled based on anthropometry for all three vehicles. Major differences were found between the vehicles for other parameters.     

Driver compliance with stop signs at pedestrian crosswalks on a university campus.

Pedestrians on college campuses interact continuously with various motorized vehicles. Rates of compliance with stop signs at pedestrian crosswalks and noncomplying vehicles were monitored in spring 1996 on a large urban campus. The number of pedestrians, pedestrian clearance, type of vehicle, hour of day, and day of week were monitored at 3 pedestrian crosswalks. The overall compliance rate for stop signs was 22.8 per 100 vehicles, ranging from 1.4 per 100 for bicycles to 46.2 per 100 for commuter vans. Compliance increased to 53 per 100 vehicles when pedestrians were present in the crosswalk. Several differences in compliance rates were found among the observation sites. Lowest compliance was observed for bicycles and motorcycles. Pedestrians on this and other college campuses risk injuries because of violations of pedestrian right-of-way laws. The problem calls for appreciable educational efforts by college health personnel.     

ELECTRIC AND PLUG‐IN HYBRID VEHICLE DEMAND: LESSONS FOR AN EMERGING MARKET

Understanding demand in the new plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) market is critical to designing more effective adoption policies. We use stated preference data from an innovative choice experiment to estimate demand for PHEVs relative to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and to explore heterogeneity in demand for these vehicles. We find the gap between willingness to pay for PHEVs and their price premium over conventional vehicles is on the order of current subsidies, while that of BEVs is an order of magnitude larger. We use a latent class model to show PHEVs draw a different consumer segment into the market. (JEL Q5, R41)     

Specialisation and training for fire-fighters driving heavy rescue vehicles: consequences for the development of operators?

This work was undertaken in France at the request of a local fire and rescue school in order to conduct an analysis of driving two types of heavy rescue vehicle with a view to improving training. This study took place in a context of specialisation: the drivers of these vehicles will henceforth only perform this type of task. Consequently, specific training has been designed in advance. Our study concerns the improvement of this training, taking account of the particularities of driving these vehicles in emergency situations typical to the profession of fire-fighters. The results stress first that driving of rescue vehicles in emergency situations is a multidimensional collective activity. Driving strategies identified share certain common objectives: "optimising trajectories", warn other road users, anticipate their behaviour and leave room for manoeuvre to counter and react to any unexpected behaviour. They include risks management for the potential victims of the incident and the risk of accidents during the journey. These initial results help identify certain recommendations for the training courses dealing with driving vehicles in emergency situations. They also provide a warning concerning the possible consequences of driver specialisation.     

ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLES: MARKET REACTION TO RISK INFORMATION

This article examines the market response to new risk information implicit in a recent regulatory stop-sale of new three-wheeled all-terrain vehicles. A hedonic price analysis is used to quantify the stop-sale's impact in the secondhand market, a market segment not directly affected by the stop-sale. The analysis shows a substantial reduction in the price of three-wheeled all-terrain vehicles relative to the price of less risky models. This result is consistent with rational economic behavior and suggests that providing new risk information can improve market effciency.     

混合动力公共汽车

介绍什么是混合动力车辆、混合动力车辆的分类、其优缺点和美国“圣德伏特”混合动力公共汽车。     

制定合理的天然气价格

该文从无锡市天然气的建设和经营成本、燃气用量、质量要求及增强天然气在多种燃料中的竞争力等因素出发,对居民、工业、公建、汽车等各类不同性质的天然气用户进行了分析,提出了价格制订思路及各类天然气用户相应的天然气建议销售价格。     

建好加气站发展绿保汽车

介绍建设液化石油气汽车加气站的规范探讨、加气站类型、规模控制和参考间距。