“新市民”家庭教育对儿童社会融合的影响

近年来,随着城市化进程的加速,许多大城市在外来农民工落户政策方面有所宽松,使一大批学历较高、有稳定收入来源的新一代农民工得以在大城市或者省会城市落户扎根,成为了真正意义上的"新市民"。这些正值婚育期的"新市民"随着户籍身份的改变,其家庭教育也呈现出新的特点,这些特点中既有"新市民"对城市生活的主动适应,也有对原来农村家庭教育文化的扬弃,城乡家教文化的杂糅相陈在一定程度上影响到了这类家庭儿童的社会融合。     

“新市民”文化建设的问题分析及对策探究

我国正在以前所未有的速度进行着城市化,在这个过程中,越来越多的农民通过城市就业逐步转化为新市民,他们在享受城市化生活的同时也面临了许多困境,在文化方面的问题尤其突出。本文将主要分析这部分新市民的城市归属感、子女教育、现代化市民教育和文化生活孤岛化等四个问题,并提出相应的五个对策以加快推进新市民文化建设。     

论大城市郊区乡村城市化条件与途径

众所周知,乡村城市化是指农村人口转变为城镇人口的过程,还指社会、经济、科技、生产、生活。环境乃至管理机构和思想观念等种种因素向乡村地区逐步渗透的过程。在城市化发展的不同阶段,乡村城市化的特征及表现形式不同,在相同阶段,也存在着明显的地域差异。大城市郊区作为中心城市的扩展空间,以及中心城市对其腹地产生集聚和扩散作用的过渡地带,其乡村城市化进程受到来自城市和乡村的双向促进,与一般农村的乡村城市化相比,其条件更加优越,并且在进一步推进乡村城市化进程中面临的主要问题和途径选择上也具有明显的地域特点。     

城市边缘区失地农民社会保障的路径选择

北京城市边缘区失地农民社会保障状况北京城市化进程中突飞猛进的城市建设,城市对郊区的蚕食和城市规模"摊大饼"式的外延性扩张,在城市边缘区产生了大量失地农民。     

关于我国城市化的再思考

人文聚落有两种基本存在形式:农村和城市,所谓城市化是指人类社会的生存状态不断由前者向后者推进的过程,它与区域生产力分布状况及国民经济的宏观投入紧密相关。近几年来,我国关于城市化道路与方法的探讨已成为城市科学研究领域的热门话题,有的从国家社会经济运行状况的角度,试图分析城市化进程历史演变的规律性,进而指出今后城市化发展的客观趋势,有的从城市发展所需的最适当规模出发,来探讨不同规模类型城镇的城市化之路,还有的利用城市地理学、人口学、社会学等边缘学科的某些理     

城市化进程中双独家庭的半独立性及其补全机制

不同的区域在城市化进程中都有着其最为普遍的家庭类型,可以将这种较为普遍的家庭类型认为是该区域城市化的基本单元。基于沪郊的经验可得,大城市郊区在完成城市化的硬性标准之后,体面城市化的诉求凸显,小规模核心家庭和三代直系家庭都难以成为本地的城市化基本单元。在这种城市化压力下,双独家庭作为中国特殊人口政策的产物,在物质和情感两个方面都呈现出了半独立性,很难通过自我努力完成城市化。因而其与两个亲代家庭一起形成了新的三角共同体:以子代双独家庭顺畅稳定地实现体面城市化为目标,以亲代家庭的双系补给为助力,以三者之间的资源和情感互动为纽带,共同应对城市化进程中的成本与风险。这个三角共同体补全了双独家庭在城市化进程中体现出的半独立性,使之与两个亲代家庭共同组成了一个完整的城市化基本单元。     

观点

要城市化,但不要损农伤农的城市化 《农民日报》7月27日刊文说,鉴于我们农村地域大、农民人数多、农村经济弱的特殊国情,我们在推进城市化进程中,切不可搞粗糙的城市化、急躁的城市化和好大喜功的城市化。城市化固然是大方向,但仓促急躁的城市化很可能导致农村失地农民变成城市失业贫民,导致城市急速膨胀的“拉美化”倾向的出现,导致新型的“城乡差距”问题在城市移植和复制。     

人口聚集、收入水平与城市环境污染——基于广州的经验数据:1997-2013

城市化进程的持续深入在增加城市数量和规模的同时,也不断提高城市人口聚集程度。基于广州1997-2013年统计数据,沿用主流的人口、资源和环境研究思路与方法,对广州人口聚集、收入水平与城市环境污染进行协整分析、ECM误差修正分析以及Granger因果分析,发现广州人口聚集与城市生活污水排放和生活垃圾存在显著长期和短期关系,但与工业固体废物只在长期关系中显著。收入水平的增加在短期中对生活垃圾和生活污水排放影响较大,而在长期过程中城市化的资源集约利用效果逐渐呈现。本文研究结论对城市化是一种更集约的自然资源利用方式与生活方式的观点提供了量化支撑。     

我们需要什么样的城市?

随着中国城市化进程的推进,许多城市取得了不小的进步和发展。但只有发展的速度与当地实际情况相符,并以民生作为根本,这样的城市化才是有意义的。据报道,现在全国有160多个城市提出要建"国际化大都市",在此目标鼓动下,有的城市急功近利,大拆大建,把一场应该循序渐进的城市化运动演变成了一场"城建大跃进"。     

“90后”子女和父母双视角下的原生家庭关系研究

原生家庭的家庭关系对人的一生影响深远,它是人生整个教育的基础和起点,为探究原生家庭关系中的代际隔阂问题,基于"90后"子女和父母双视角出发,从原生家庭父母与子女沟通理念、城市与农村家庭代际隔阂、城市化进程对农村家庭的影响等方面进行分析。研究结果显示:在互联网背景下,父母及子女沟通理念的不同加剧了原生家庭的代际隔阂;城市和农村地区原生家庭父母的教育理念的不同,使父母对子女的教育方式与父母和子女之间的沟通方式存在较大差异;随着城市化进程的推进,加剧了农村地区原生家庭的代际隔阂。     

Overview of the “state of the field”

The editors offer a short overview of the state of the field in the light of contributions to this special issue.     

Gendering the Politics of Migration 1

Although every aspect of the migration process is shaped by political factors and migration presents many political challenges on the domestic and international levels, the attention of political scientists in the United States and Europe has been limited to relatively few topics, including control over entry and exit, and issues of incorporation and citizenship. Work that considers the political aspects of migration from a gender perspective constitutes an even smaller body of work. In considering the contribution that political science might make to our understanding of gendered migration, this essay points both to some pioneering studies of gendered patterns of migration and incorporation, and also to the growing concern with gender among international organizations and policy makers. Interestingly, the essay shows that it is scholars in neighboring disciplines who have more often have taken up questions of governance and the development of gender‐fair policy towards migrants. The essay raises questions about the relationship between disciplinary boundaries and topical areas and also about the ways in which regional contexts shape the nature of scholarly inquiry by contrasting work on Asia with that in Europe and the United States.     

On the wealth of nations: Bourdieuconomics and social capital

Theory and Society - Why are some countries richer than others? We suggest in the line of political economy theory that traditional production factors cannot explain the observed differences....     

‘Over the Pond and Across the Water’: Developing the Field of ‘Gendered Organizations’

This article is concerned with the development of gendered organizations as a field of study. It begins by exploring some of the factors that militate against integrating organization studies and gender studies and gendered organizations scholarship over national/continental divides. Increasingly doubtful about whether traditional (mainstream and critical) organization theories will or can adequately address gender, we contend that scholars of gendered organizations should ‘strike out’ on our/their own, ‘boldly going’ into unfamiliar territory to create new, innovative theories, concepts and ideas. We make various suggestions about possible future directions for theorizing and research.     

Against the norm: the transitional symbiosis of ‘grassroots clientelism’ and ‘rural citizenship’

Clientelism has predominantly been represented in the literature as an expression of backwardness and corruption with little attention being paid to the question of how clientelism has changed over the years. In contrast, this paper examines the particulars of state intervention in the agrarian economy with respect to clientelism and exposes the illogicality of contrasting patron‐client relationships with citizenship. The historical focus is on the ways in which, in the course of post‐dictatorship consolidation in rural Greece throughout the 1980s, the transformation of traditional brokerage‐based clientelism into the bureaucratic clientelism of the political parties actually enhanced the institutions and practices of ‘rural citizenship’. Comparative qualitative research on the driving force of agrarian change shows how Thessalian villagers made the transition from being socially excluded subjects to socially included clients in two lowland village communities and the role played by a dynamic state bureaucracy.     

The nature of ‘schools’in the sociology of knowledge: The case of the ‘Chicago School’

The nature of 'schools’as a metascientific construct is reviewed. Tiryakian's (1979a) increasingly popular construction of a school of sociology is examined and the case of ‘The Chicago School’is considered in detail. The efficacy of a 'schools’approach to understanding the nature of the growth and development of scientific knowledge is called into question. It is suggested that schools, as used in the literature, tend to be convenient groupings of practitioners rather than metascientific categories and that they fail to adequately engage knowledge transformative processes.     

Evaluation of the Psychometric Properties of the Gap‐Overlap Task in 10‐Month‐Old Infants

Understanding the development of attention is key to understanding cognitive maturation. The gap‐overlap task can be administered at all ages and is widely used to study the development of overt visual attention. However, studies using the gap‐overlap task report different measures and little is known about the tasks’ psychometric properties, especially in infants. We tested the 1‐week test–retest reliability of two frequently used gap‐overlap measures of attentional disengagement in 10‐month‐old infants; the gap effect as measured by the difference between the gap and overlap condition and the gap effect as measured by the difference between the gap and baseline condition. Sixty‐seven infants performed the gap‐overlap task twice, of which 45 infants had sufficient data quality for further analyses. Test–retest reliability of the overlap‐gap gap effect was higher (r = .50) than the baseline‐gap gap effect (r = .29). Moreover, the shared variance between overlap and baseline saccadic reaction times was moderate to high across sessions. In light of these results and the methodological challenges and limitations of infant research, we consider the overlap‐gap gap effect to be a good measure to study the development of attentional disengagement in infants and suggest the exclusion of the baseline condition in future studies.     

From the “strategy of truth” to the “weapon of truth”: The Government Information Manual for the Motion Picture Industry, 1942

The aim of this article is to advance in a hidden part of public relations history: the Archibald MacLeish's ‘strategy of truth’ and its implementation to film industry to influence American public opinion. The attempts during the Second World War to fight the enemy through factual propaganda also found, in the film industry, the ideal medium to offset the enemy's propagandising audiovisual products, particularly Nazi propaganda. For this reason, the government drew up the Government Information Manual for the Motion Picture Industry (1942) following the line established by the Office of Facts and Figures and Archibald MacLeish's ‘strategy of truth’. Thus, the Manual for the Motion Picture Industry became a good example of the use of ethical propaganda.