我国城市公共服务供给水平评价与空间分异研究

提高城市公共服务供给水平是实现高质量为导向的新型城镇化的重要方面。笔者以我国部分地级及以上城市为研究对象,构建了包括公共教育服务、医疗卫生服务、公共文化服务、社会保障服务、基础设施服务、信息化服务、公共安全服务和生态环境保护8个系统、35项评价指标在内的城市公共服务供给水平综合评价体系,采用熵技术支持下的AHP评价模型对2017年我国城市公共服务供给水平进行测度,分析了我国城市公共服务供给水平的空间分异特征,为优化公共资源配置、推动新型城镇化战略实施提供了决策参考。     

浅析发展公共图书馆事业与政府责任

图书馆是我国公共文化服务的重要网络，是保障公民自由、平等获得文化和信息的公共服务设施，发展公共图书馆事业，是建设公共文化服务体系的基本内容，政府在发展图书馆事业中具有不可推卸的责任。本文分析公共图书馆事业在发展中出现的不均衡问题，阐述了政府解决这些问题的途径。     

地方政府购买公共文化服务监管问题研究

政府购买公共文化服务是政府在其职能转变的背景下,为了向公众提供品质更高、形式内容更丰富的文化服务、减轻自身负担而选择的一种新的服务模式。而政府购买公共文化服务的监管成效则会直接影响服务的质量。通过对相关机构及有关人员的调查、访谈,结合地方政府对购买公共文化服务监管的历史现状进行整理分析,发现目前政府购买公共文化服务的监管存在监管主体单一化、客体内部无响应机制、监管内容部分缺失等需要完善、优化的问题,对于这些问题的归纳总结与解决措施可以为其他地方政府未来购买公共文化服务的监管积攒经验,提供参考与借鉴。     

淳化县传统民间文化活动的重构与发展

民间文化活动作为乡村民众文化生活的主要形式,过去的几十年间由于城镇化的推进和公共文化服务的不足,其发展受到了极大的限制,甚至一度退出人们的生活。近些年来,国家大力建设公共文化设施,完善公共文化服务,在新的公共文化服务平台下,传统民间文化活动以新的方式传承和发展,并呈现出与公共文化服务良性互动的态势。     

城市化过程中过渡型社区的长效治理:"三社联动"的视角

过渡型社区是指在法定城市社区中,由土地被征占的农民构成的演替式边缘社区和含有土地被征占的农民的混合式综合社区.因其居民主体自身的异质性和作为过渡型社区发展阶段呈现出特殊的生存性、适应性、发展性问题,使得普通城市社区治理模式的借鉴意义有限,有必要探索有针对性的长效治理方案以优化治理效能."三社联动"这一协同治理理念下的基层治理的具体实践模式,因其提供资源整合和多元化服务的特点而展现出其适用性.推动"三社联动"在过渡型社区中的实践模式发展,对过渡型社区治理以及普通城市社区治理具有良好借鉴意义."三社联动"模式可通过多重主体入场提供完整的就业支持系统;利用教育—服务双承载模式提供多样化培训服务;加强三大主体联动共建社区公共文化空间,培育家园理念建设,推动过渡型社区居民的社区归属感提升和城市融入进程.     

试论云南省公共文化服务建设中存在的问题及对策分析

本文以云南省公共文化服务体系建设中存在的问题为切入点,简要论述了当前云南省公共文化服务建设存在的不足与缺陷,然后针对这些问题提出相关的应对措施,建议强化政府在公共文化服务中的职责;加大对公共文化服务的投资力度;加强对公共文化服务队伍的建设与培训,从而促进云南省公共文化服务体系的进一步发展。     

基层图书馆在文化服务体系中的地位与作用

构建公共服务体系是促进和谐社会的重要保障，也是公共图书馆作为公共文化服务体系中的重要组成部分，它发挥着其他文化设施不可替代的重要性。本文阐述了公共图书馆在构建基层文化服务中所承担的地位以及作用，确保公众都享有更好的文化服务带来的权利。     

中国社会公共服务体制的现状与问题

改革开放以来，我国社会公共服务体制的改革与创新取得了一定进展，但并未能从根本上改变旧体制，政府仍居于核心地位，以事业单位形式存在的各类公共组织仍是提供各种服务的主体。现存体制既具有旧体制的弊病，又存在社会转型期产生的新问题，包括公共服务效能低下、公共机构的定位与责任出现迷失、公共资金与资源的投入严重不足，等等。适应科学发展的要求，从实际出发，有针对性地解决所面临的问题，建立起新型的社会公共服务体制，是涉及国计民生的重要任务。     

河北省农村公共体育服务发展的制度贫困与创新研究

制度的贫困是影响农村公共体育服务发展的根本原因,在当今公共体育服务逐渐完善的大环境下,农村公共体育服务仍处于落后阶段,主要是受到制度贫困的束缚,若想要摆脱这种制度贫困的困境,需不断创新制度来改善河北省农村公共体育服务所存在的问题。在社会主义新农村建设的大环境下,以逐步缩小河北省城乡间的基本公共服务的差距为目标,不断创新制度,改变制度贫困的现状。     

上海公共文化服务供给侧改革对策研究

上海公共文化服务供给侧改革需要研究公共服务"要素配置""生产率提升"等问题,让公共文化服务从保基本需求的需求引导型公共文化建设向需求引导型和消费引导型相结合的"大都会公共文化供给机制"转型,打通文化产业与文化事业之间交互配置的渠道,探索适合上海国际文化大都会、国际创意城市建设的公共文化服务新模式,建构政府、企业和公益性志愿机构多主体参与的竞争机制,激发文化服务"全要素生产率"的提升.     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.