Free trade,food-processing,and migration: An analysis of Mexican immigration in the U.S. Great Plains Region

This paper empirically identifies the factors driving Mexican immigration into the U.S. Great Plains region, focusing especially on the role of work in the Mexican and U.S. food-processing sectors, which in the context of NAFTA-induced foreign direct investments, opens up paths for migration along occupational lines into the U.S. from Mexico. Using a unique dataset on Mexican migration, the study addresses three related questions in a series of multivariate logistic regression analyses. First, is employment in the U.S. food-processing sector associated with Mexican migration into the Great Plains region? Second, does employment in the Mexican food-processing sector predict employment in the Great Plains food-processing sector? Finally, is the political–economic context linking Mexico and the U.S. related to the formation of occupational channels linking the food-processing sectors in Mexico and the U.S.? The findings demonstrate that the U.S. food-processing sector is a strong predictor of Mexican migration to the Great Plains region; Mexican migration is strongly channeled along occupational lines from Mexico to the U.S.; and the implementation of NAFTA, a period of intensive political–economic integration, strengthens the occupational channel between the food-processing sectors.     

标志性新建筑与民俗形式的运用

本文以1959年前后在天安门广场兴建的人民英雄纪念碑、人民大会堂、中国革命和历史博物馆三座标志性新建筑在兴建过程中对民俗形式的利用,探讨社会变革时期,民俗形式如何被理解、被改造,如何发挥其作用,从而考察民俗在当代社会的发展。     

密云行宫与清王朝对白龙潭的祭祀

密云一带地处中原通向塞外的交通要道。为了实现以蒙古各部屏藩朔漠的战略需要,清帝经常从密云出古北口到围场一带同蒙古王公一起射猎。为保证皇帝出巡,清政府从康熙二十年代沿密云———古北口的古道建立行宫。密云等处行宫的建立,最终促进了以祈雨为特点的官方对白龙潭祭祀的形成。     

What Do Grandmothers Think about Self‐esteem? American and Taiwanese Folk Theories Revisited

The study investigates European American and Taiwanese grandmothers’ folk theories of childrearing and self‐esteem, building on an earlier comparison of mothers from the same families. Adopting methods that privilege local meanings, we bring grandmothers’ voices into the conversation about childrearing, thereby contributing to a deeper understanding of intergenerational nuances in folk theories. In each cultural case, 16 grandmothers of 3‐year‐olds participated in in‐depth interviews that were customized according to local communicative norms. Although self‐esteem emerged as a central organizing concept in the folk theories of European American mothers, grandmothers spoke in two voices, either echoing their daughters or invoking a counter‐discourse of wariness towards self‐esteem. By contrast, Taiwanese mothers and grandmothers resembled one another—but differed from their American counterparts—in treating self‐esteem as peripheral in childrearing. Results contribute to the growing consensus that self‐esteem is a culture‐specific childrearing goal and suggest that the European American tendency to valorize self‐esteem varies by generation.     

'From Exchange It Comes to Tears'. A Dutch 'Folk Theorem' Reconsidered

A Dutch 'folk theorem' holds that 'from exchange it comes to tears'. This seems to contradict the basic idea found in economics that exchange and trade can make both sides better off. We show that the 'folk theorem' has a better theoretical foundation than sometimes thought, as it is vindicated by the equilibrium of an exchange game with two-sided asymmetric information. We, then, explain the practical value of such 'folk wisdom' in the real world by showing why players might be unlikely to learn such an equilibrium strategy.     

Part II: Death in Literature. Poetry as Epitaph

Anyone tolerably versed in American literature will realize that we could have devoted our entire collection to attitudes toward death in American literature. Such a collection could be tightly organized and valuable, but it might also be redundant for an audience which consists primarily of loosened-up literary folk to begin with. So we offer, instead of standard selections, a group of essays which, though they are about death in literature, use literature as a vehicle for discussing either theoretical or practical interpretations of death in American society and letters. Karen Campbell's essay, “Poetry as Epitaph,” uses Emily Dickinson's poetry to illustrate and embody current international theories about death and language. We place this contribution first in this section because it serves as a transition between Gravestones and Epitaphs and Death in Literature: Dickinson was writing at the same historical moment discussed by Kenneth Ames in “Ideologies in Stone,” a fact the reader may wish to remember while reading “Poetry as Epitaph;” and Karen Campbell treats Dickinson's poetry as epitaphic in style and genre. Sonia Gernes' “Life After Life: Katherine Anne Porter's Version” uses Porter's “Pale Horse, Pale Rider” to illustrate and make provocative suggestions about Raymond Moody's theses in Life After Life. Leslier Fiedler's contribution is an extract from a speech given under the auspices of an organization studying the humanist's response to child abuse, and is part of a series of lectures on that subject. He discusses infanticide through literature and then through popular culture. Marvin Kohl takes issue with some of Professor Fiedler's conclusions.     

SPECIAL ISSUE： THE ORIGINS OF ANCIENT CHINESE CIVILIZATION AND STATES——Implications of Large Burial Sites of Songze Culture

江苏省张家港市东山村崧泽文化早中期大墓的发现,证明长江下游在距今五千七、八百年以前已存在明显的社会分化,初级王权已经产生,社会已进入“古国”^1阶段。在中国古代文明演进过程中,率先开始社会重大转型的不是黄河中游的中原地区,也不是以古长城地带为中心的北方地区,而是崧泽文化所在的长江下游地区。该遗址的发现还表明,在文明化进程中,中国古代最早出现的“古国”的性质和表现形式并不完全一样,有的是神权至上,有的是王权至上,从而导致其发展方向和发展前途的不同。     

Native American and non-Indian newspaper coverage of land and resource issues in the self-determination era

Media analysis can be used to track trends over time. In this research, 1,969 articles covering Native American land and resource issues were studied for the period 1970–1994. The articles came from three mainstream newspapers and three Native American-controlled newspapers representing three different regions: the Southwest, the Northern Plains, and the Northeast. The analysis indicated that there were important differences between native and nonnative media. It also indicated that the federal policy of “self-determination” for Native Americans has not been implemented in the area of control of land and natural resources.     

秦汉民间信仰文化功能的特征及其对当代文化建设的启示

民间信仰具有多种文化认同功能与文化控制作用。秦汉民间信仰的多种文化认同或文化控制功能不仅具有共时性特征,而且具有历时性特征。由于民间信仰属于深层次的文化内容,故其具有相对独立性。在秦汉时期的某一时段,其独立性体现为,国家的最高神为太一,但各地信仰的主神又各具特色。这一方面表示民间信仰并不与国家祭祀同步叠合,另一方面又显示包括民间信仰在内的小文化传统处在与国家主流意识形态既统一又对立的地位。具体来说,王朝早中期民间信仰与主流文化、国家政权之间的关系呈现出相对和谐的一面;王朝晚期民间信仰与主流文化、国家政权之间的关系则显现出对立的一面。秦汉民间信仰的文化功能对于当前文化建设具有重要的启示作用。     

谈汉武帝的文采

汉武帝刘彻是集政治家和军事家于一身的雄才大略的一代英主。毛泽东曾作诗句“惜秦皇汉武,略输文采”来喟叹汉武帝文采的不足。汉武帝是将汉王朝推向极盛的一代英主,他还是一位出手不凡的文学家。“略输文采”对他来说实在有失公允。有事实为证,汉武帝爱好音乐,爱好诗赋,赋写得颇有水平。其代表作被视为佳品,流传至今。他还招揽四方文士建立乐府,大规模收集民歌,为中国文学史作出了贡献,为后代留下了宝贵的文学遗产。20世纪最具影响力的美国诗人庞德崇尚他的诗赋,把他看作中国第一流的大诗人。庞德将其悼念李夫人的赋改写为诗《刘彻》。庞德的《刘彻》成为美国诗歌史上的名篇。     

Gains and losses of migrants and income through intercounty migration in the U.S., 1992–1993

Migration alters both the origin and destination of migrants in a variety of ways. This study uses data recently made available by the Internal Revenue Service to document gains and losses of both persons and income accruing to counties in the United States as a result of internal migration between 1992 and 1993. The degree to which migration alters the size of a county's population as well as the amount of income received in that county is assessed by means of effectiveness rates which are ratios of net flows to total flows. The majority of counties, especially those in the South and West gained both migrants and income during the period; losses were confined largely to the Northeast, Great Plains and California. Counties at the edges of large metropolitan areas gained income even more rapidly than people; counties containing large central cities lost income even faster than they lost migrants. Amenity-laden recreational and retirement counties were also among those who gained both people and income via migration. Overall, these results indicate an exacerbation of demographic and economic differences between regions as well as within metropolitan areas.     

“蛟水”与“伐蛟”——基于环境史的解读

中国传统文化中的蛟的原型当为鳄鱼;鳄鱼因喜温近水的生活习性使其成为民间水神崇拜的对象,但又因它对人、畜的危害性,其并未成为最终的水神,而变成了水妖——蛟。蛟与水灾的关系是民间解释水灾的另类说法。明清以来,南方山区蛟水频发的事实从另一个侧面说明当时经济开发对环境的破坏。     

Municipal conjunctive water use on the texas high plains

On the semiarid, water-short High Plains of West Texas, cities often make conjunctive use of water from widely dispersed sources, specifically groundwater from the dwindling Ogallala aquifer and the meager flow of streams rising in or crossing the area. Nineteen High Plains towns and cities, including Lubbock and Amarillo, receive most of their water supply from municipal water authorities which distribute surface water from Lake Meredith and the much smaller Mackenzie and White River reservoirs to a population of almost 500,000. Most of these communities continue to use preexisting groundwater reserves to improve quality or supplement their surface supply, and the Canadian River Municipal Water Authority has acquired extensive groundwater rights so that it can augment and improve the quality of water it dispenses from Lake Meredith. Although Texas water law has hindered rather than encouraged this conjunctive use, integrated water use, if not integrated water management, is widely practiced on the High Plains.     

《大学》德育思想及其启示

《大学》乃中国古代典籍名篇之一,原《礼记》中的一篇,其蕴含着丰富的德育思想。理学创始人二程称《大学》为＂孔氏之遗书,而初学入德之门也＂。至近代,孙中山先生赞赏《大学》中的格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下的修养目标和修养方法,认为这些都是＂应该保存＂的中国的＂独有宝贝＂。可见,继承和创新《大学》之德育思想,对于今天进一步加强和改进德育,提高德育效益无疑具有重要的现实意义。     

跨文化戏剧的创意实践——现代舞剧《海伦之梦》的启示

由中美艺术家联合排演制作的现代舞剧《海伦之梦》,是当代中国跨文化戏剧一次有益的艺术和产业实践.作品突破传统经典跨文化戏剧的严肃格调和小众诉求,以抒情、浪漫的气质和大众通俗的形式,紧扣“爱与理解”的主题,采用自由梦幻曲形式和心理蒙太奇结构,大胆增设小红军的虚构形象,巧妙运用中美两国的民间意象元素,富有创意地开拓了跨文化戏剧的艺术领域和产业前景.     

“世界历史性存在”视野下的民族音乐多重化

当代中国民族音乐发展的时代性表明,对民族音乐艺术“世界历史性”存在的多重化现状进行辩证的、系统的哲学思考是必要的。这是一个涉及到如何系统认识中国民族音乐艺术在“世界历史性”时代存活状态的一个重要问题,它既有理论价值又有实践意义。     

新政与美国南部的社会变迁

重建以来 ,美国南部一直是美国经济与社会发展最为落后的地区 ,其统治阶级为维护自身利益和白人至上主义 ,极力抵制联邦政府的干预。罗斯福政府利用“大萧条”所造成的严峻形势 ,开始全方位介入南部事务。一系列联邦法律政策的实施和政治运作 ,从根本上动摇了南部建立在租佃谷物分成制和低工资制基础上的经济结构 ,间接地引发了南部的政治变革 ,为战后南部的崛起奠定了基础。新政由此成为南部社会变迁的重要转折点。     

The advantages and disadvantages of the contribution base in targeting benefits: A social analysis of the insurance scheme in the United Kingdom

This article assesses the role which social insurance plays within the social security scheme in contemporary Great Britain, and presents this analysis for comparison and assessment to an international audience. The structure of the Beveridge scheme is briefly outlined and adaptations to it discussed. The scheme's failure to provide comprehensive social protection in Great Britain is then explained and the consequent drift towards social assistance is noted. A contrast is drawn between the advantages and disadvantages of insurance protection from a social policy perspective. Finally, the prospects for social insurance are briefly appraised and compared with alternative possible models for social security. From this it is concluded that, despite its past failings, even in Great Britain the prospects for social insurance protection remain strong.     

民间规范与人权保障

民间规范与法治建设中的人权保障有着必要的关联。不论是法定的还是理念与理论设计的人权,都可能因脱离主体交往行为的实际而在实践中受到牵制,一国法制建设的出发点就是为了回应国民在交往行为中的人权要求。民间规范自身在一定程度上表达着不同人群的权利要求,在一定意义上,国家法不应是民间法合法与否的标准和判据,而民间法才应是国家法合法与否的标准与判据。借助司法可以把民间规范中的人权内容及其保障方式吸纳到国家体制中,其优势在于,在小传统的内容转换为大传统的认可时,司法的具体性、中立性、判断性和被动性、独立性和权威性、程序性和最终性等特征,在整体上发挥着可能优势。     

英美日公益信托社会的发展现况与比较分析

公益信托是以慈善、文化、艺术、宗教或其他公益性质为目的的信托模式,因公益信托具有设立手续弹性简便与营运成本低的优点,较容易引导大众支持参与。但现阶段的非营利组织面临着同构型的机构募款竞争以及企业界对非营利组织的商业化包装竞争,导致发展空间处处受限。本文先以老牌信托王国的英国开始探讨公益信托事业的历史演变,再参酌重视资本运营效益的美国模式,最后以信托业融入东方社会价值观的日本进行比较分析,借鉴国际公益信托事业可持续发展的运作手法。相对于中国公益信托事业还处于萌芽阶段,除了不具英国有庞大民间财力可左右城市开发政策之外,加上人民过度依赖政府、信托法令不周全、中央地方政策冲突、领导过于重视经济开发、企业社会责任淡薄、非营利管理人才欠缺等等都让公益信托事业无法深入民心。因此本文以第三部门为视角,探索除政府、企业职能之外,对自然环境与文化资产保护该如何协助政府对公共利益观念的落实并因此创造可观的文化观光财。