Are Conventional Farmers Conventional? Analysis of the Environmental Orientations of Conventional New Zealand Farmers*

Abstract Within the political economy of agriculture and agrofood literatures there are examples of approaches that reject simple dichotomies between alternatives and the mainstream. In line with such approaches, we challenge the assumption that alternative agriculture, and its attendant improved environmental practices, alternative management styles, less intensive approaches, and better approaches to animal and ecosystem welfare, is the only source of agricultural sustainability. This article uses national farm‐survey results for New Zealand's sheep and beef, dairy, and horticulture sectors to examine conventional farmers, measure their assessments of farming practices, and assess their environmental orientation. Analysis identifies a proenvironmental cluster of farmers in each sector characterized by a higher environmental‐orientation score and distinct ratings of other farm practices queried in the survey. We interpret the results in terms of the exposure of different agricultural sectors to the effects of market‐based, audited, best‐practice schemes. The presence of shades of “greenness” among conventional farmers has important implications for environmental management and for our understanding of the various and complex pathways toward the greening of agrofood systems.     

农民分化、市民化意愿与土地产权诉求——对广东农民的问卷调查

农业转移人口市民化背景下,农村土地制度创新的客观依据是农民分化及其市民化意愿和土地产权诉求变化。对广东的调查显示,农民已分化为非农农民、务农农民和兼业农民三种基本类型,构成比例大约为5∶4∶1。不同类型分化农民均有市民化意愿,市民化意愿与非农化程度正相关。分化农民的土地功能重要性结构不同,土地产权诉求存在差异。承包地和宅基地是农业转移人口市民化面临的核心问题。如果给予城市户籍,仅有10%左右的分化农民愿意放弃。如果给予城市户籍、土地和房产赔偿,再给予医疗保险、养老保险、子女读书、住房等综合补偿,35%的务农农民和近50%的非农农民愿意放弃。     

金星一个和谐 爱心 责任的团队

有感于一对甘肃农村的青年男女，他们人生神圣的婚礼仪式不是热闹酒宴，也不是时髦的旅游，他们选择了参加天狮金星个人成长创业系统研讨会的方式。当系统领导人姜滨英、王新、孙丽、畅建生等老师知道后为他们补办了一场特殊的婚礼。他们为一对新人从头到脚，从内衣到名牌西装外套，从热闹专业婚庆礼仪摄像到鲜花铺就总统套房．从十对成功的原装伴郎伴娘到几百人婚庆嘉宾的热情祝福……当幸福激动的 新郎新娘被拥在人群当中时全场响起：     

让大家想来村里当农民

S houan,a town in Chengdu,capital of Southwest China's Sichuan Province,is the largest osmanthus-production base in Southwestern China.Due largely to the saturated market,the traditional seedling industry,which used to be one of the pillar industries of Minjiang(a village in Shouan),has suffered from"severe winter"-the depressed market resulted in the stagnation of the seedling trade-during the past decade.     

Concern About Crime Among Montana Farmers and Ranchers1

Abstract The effects of previous victimization, distance from law enforcement and neighbors, and sufficiency of police patrols on fear of crime are estimated using data from Montana farmers and ranchers. Victimization has the strongest direct effect. Distance from police and neighbors seems to heighten sensitivity to lesser police patrol activity in isolated areas, which in turn increases concern about criminal victimization. Fear of crime in rural farm areas reflects, in part, the spatial arrangements and related consequences of living in these regions.     

Queer Farmers: Sexuality and the Transition to Sustainable Agriculture

Intimate relationships are foundational to farm viability. They affect how farmers share tasks, earn income, and access land, yet the role of sexuality and heteronormativity in agriculture remains understudied. Furthermore, queer people are largely ignored as potential farmers by the sustainable agriculture and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) movements. I document the lived experiences of queer farmers, an underresearched group, through participant observation and interviews with 30 sustainable farmers of various genders and sexualities in New England. I use a queer perspective to illuminate sexualized and heteronormative patterns in sustainable agriculture. Whereas the perception of rural heterosexism can discourage queer participation in agriculture, queer farmers faced less overt heterosexism than they expected. However, they did experience heterosexism particular to sustainable agriculture, and confronting it might jeopardize relationships important for economic and environmental sustainability and land access. Some farmers were attracted to sustainable agriculture for reasons specific to gender, sexuality, and anticapitalist values. I argue that sexuality and heteronormativity are embedded in farmer recruitment, retention, and land acquisition, which are critical for the transition to sustainable agriculture. I offer the sustainable agriculture movement a lens for envisioning alternatives for farm families, homes, and workplaces.     

天津市华明示范镇农民培训的现状、问题及对策

以天津市华明示范镇为例，通过对农民培训状况的调研分析，提出当前华明示范镇农村青年在培训方面存在的问题。针对以上问题，从就业观念、培训内容、政府角色、培训方式等方面提出了加强农村青年培训教育的具体建议和措施。     

张义琼:“染”出致富新蓝图

张义琼是贵州省三都水族自治县一位土生土长的苗族妇女。经过多年潜p学习积累,她研发出了独一无二的蜡染不脱色技术,并申请了国家专利。她还创办了贵州亘蓝母图民族布艺蜡染开发有限公司,带动5000多户农民种植蓝靛,帮助周边妇女姐妹通过蜡染这一技之长,创造属于自己的幸福生活。     

国外农民培训模式及对我国新型农民培养的启示

国外农民培训模式大致分为三种,即东亚模式、西欧模式、北美模式。这三种模式各有千秋,是世界农民培训的典型代表。分析了三种模式的经验,并结合当前我国农民培养的现实,总结出了对我国新型农民培养的借鉴价值。     

Intergenerational Coresidence Among Small Farmers in Brazilian Amazônia

This article examines intergenerational coresidence among rural farm families near Santarém, Pará, Brazil using survey data collected by the authors on 896 children whose parents live in 175 households on 150 farms. Married adult children, daughters, and the best educated are more likely to live off their parents’ rural property (vs. on the property). Results support arguments that coresidence results from the interests of children rather than the control that parents exert over children. These results have implications for our understanding of intergenerational relations in the developing world and for the future development of similar areas.     

Images of Success: How Illinois Farmers Define the Successful Farmer1

Abstract Farmers' views of farming success help frame their responses to information about farming, including alternative agriculture. A Q-analysis of 68 commercial farmers' subjective images of the successful farmer and the relative importance they accord different personal values and characteristics revealed four “model” images of the successful farmer. The Steward recognizes a moral responsibility to sustain land resources; the Manager succeeds largely by virtue of analytical skill; the Conservative's main goal is long-term preservation of the farm business; and the Agrarian values the rural life style and community participation. Farmers holding the Steward image tended to be older and to farm fewer acres; those with the Manager image included a large proportion of less experienced farmers. Approximately 40 percent of the farmers' views of success did not fit any of the four “model” images. Analysis of the findings suggests that images of success may be associated with life stage or generational differences in farming goals and values.