新生代知识型员工心理契约对工作绩效影响的管理研究

随着新生代知识型员工逐步成为企业的主干力量,如何运用心理契约提高新生代知识型员工的绩效水平,成为新经济时代的管理者们所要关注的重要问题。因此本文以新生代知识型员工为调查对象,研究心理契约在组织社会化的调节作用下对工作绩效的影响。     

知识型员工情绪调节对工作绩效的影响研究综述

知识型员工与其它员工相比往往从事较重要的工作,他们的工作绩效对组织整体绩效的提升发挥关键作用。知识型员工本身更富有挑战性,具有更高的独立性、自主性、注重持续学习和创新,更容易接受新事物。与普通员工相比,他们的情绪调节策略如何值得探讨。本文整合了知识型员工情绪调节与工作绩效关系方面的研究,为企业管理者从一心理状态的角度提升员工潜能和绩效提供理论支撑。     

知识型员工组织政治知觉对工作绩效的影响研究

随着Ferris开辟组织政治知觉新视角以来,组织政治知觉逐渐吸引了国内外学者的目光,根据目前国内外学者的研究成果,不难得出组织政治知觉会对员工工作结果产生重要影响这一结论。而知识型员工作为知识经济时代的主力军,其组织政治知觉又是如何影响其工作绩效的。本文以知识型员工作为研究对象,通过数据分析,剖析其组织政治知觉对于工作绩效的影响机理,并提出知识型员工管理对策建议。     

知识型员工职业召唤、职业承诺与工作态度关系研究

对中国情景下知识型员工的职业召唤对组织承诺、工作满意度、离职意愿等工作态度的影响以及职业承诺在职业召唤与上述工作态度的中介作用进行实证检验。基于自我决定理论和已有关于召唤的相关研究结论,提出职业召唤-职业承诺-工作态度的关系假设模型,并以981位国有、民营及外(合)资企业的知识型员工作为研究对象,通过结构方程建模进行实证检验。研究结果表明,中国情景下知识型员工的职业召唤对组织承诺、工作满意度和离职意愿均有显著正向影响,职业承诺完全中介职业召唤与工作满意度和离职意愿的关系,部分中介职业召唤与组织承诺的关系。在中国情景下验证西方关于职业召唤的研究结论,结果表明职业召唤的培养对企业知识型员工的职业承诺、组织承诺和工作满意度均具有十分重要的作用,为职业召唤理论在中国情景下的验证和完善以及知识型员工的管理理论和企业实践提供新的视角。     

知识型员工组织承诺对工作绩效影响的文献综述

笔者尝试对组织承诺与工作绩效这两个研究领域内一些主要的观点,以及知识型员工组织承诺与绩效的相关研究进行归纳并梳理其理论逻辑,力求对其发展状态有一个较全面的了解,并提出了一些政策建议。     

知识型员工的工作幸福感:结构、功能及培育策略

知识经济时代,作为知识、信息、技术载体的知识型员工成为企业保持竞争力的关键。工作幸福感是主观幸福感在工作场景中的延伸,可以维持知识型员工的健康状态和企业稳定,增强组织凝聚力,从而促进组织提升绩效。工作幸福感是一种主观情绪情感反应,因此必须充分考虑职业环境、工作特性、人格特质差异,对不同员工实施有针对性的培育。文章主要着眼于知识型员工这一群体,从其特征、需求、工作特性着手,分析工作幸福感的功能作用,并试图从薪酬分配、目标激励、组织支持、工作重塑等方面探索工作幸福感的培育策略。     

工作场所负面舆论对知识型员工创新的影响及包容型领导治理

工作场所负面舆论会对知识型员工创新造成消极影响,会破坏知识型员工的正常人际关系,损害知识型员工的个人声誉,降低其创新绩效。在面对工作场所负面舆论带来的影响时,知识型员工出于趋利避害的本性往往会选择沉默,这进一步增强了工作场所负面舆论的不良影响。包容型领导应主动进行负面舆论治理,建立负面舆论问责制,培育良好的价值观念,加强主动沟通与压力疏导,营造一种良好的创新氛围,促进知识型员工创新绩效提升。     

中国企业魅力型领导风格、员工工作态度与群体绩效的实证研究

以250名中国企业员工为样本的分析结果表明,魅力型领导风格对群体绩效和群体成员的工作态度会产生积极的影响力;但是魅力型领导风格不同的行为维度对于群体绩效和群体成员的工作态度的影响存在差异;群体成员的工作态度显著影响着魅力型领导与群体绩效之间的关系,积极的员工工作态度有助于魅力型领导风格在群体层面有效性充分发挥,导致更高的群体绩效.     

职业匹配与工作满意度关系之研究──人——组织匹配、人——工作匹配之文献回顾

职业匹配一直是组织行为学和心理学研究的重要内容。当员工的个性与所作的工作相匹配时才能表现较高的绩效,从而带来较高的工作满意度;并且员工的价值观与企业的价值观一致时,更容易表现积极的工作态度和行为。本研究回顾人——组织匹配、人——工作匹配的相关文献,并试图探讨其与工作满意度的关系。     

知识型员工绩效考核研究

知识型员工的特点决定了传统上的对一般员工进行绩效评价的方法并不能对其工作绩效做出客观、合理的评价。本文结合知识型员工的特点,分析了知识型员工进行评价时存在的问题和困难,提出了对知识型员工进行绩效评价的原则。最后、结合360度反馈评价法和关键绩效指标法,提出了对知识型员工的绩效进行模糊综合评价的方法。     

Measuring Sharedness of Team-Related Knowledge: Design and Validation of a Shared Mental Model Instrument

Many researchers have explored how people share and construct similar mental models in teams. They have claimed that successful team performance depends on a shared mental model of team members about task, team, equipment and situation. Most of the literature has illustrated simplified relationships between a team's mental model and their performance without a valid instrument addressing the confined and relevant constructs of a shared mental model. This paper describes the instrument development steps and the conceptual framework for factors associated with shared mental models. After development and refinement, the instrument was finalized for use to measure team-related knowledge. The final instrument consists of 42 items that are linked to the five emergent factors of shared mental models including general task and team knowledge, general task and communication skills, attitude toward teammates and task, team dynamics and interactions, and team resources and working environment.     

管理者工作时间分配研究综述

以管理者的工作时间为出发点,从其工作时间分配的角度对国内外管理者的工作行为研究进行文献回顾,把管理者的工作行为区分成管理职能、管理角色、管理活动3类进行综述,并指出在中国情境下进行管理者工作行为和工作时间分配本土化研究的必要性。最后,提出了现存研究的局限性以及今后努力的方向。     

Attitudes towards safety performance on construction work: An investigation of public and private sector differences

This paper summarizes the results of a research project into the attitudes and behaviour relating to safety performance on construction work. Based upon the findings of a pilot study (Shimmin et al. 1981), the research had as its principal objective the investigation of previously observed differences in attitude and motivation between private-sector and public-sector employees. In particular, it had been found that the two groups differed in terms of their views on the locus of responsibility for safety and the cause of accidents: private-sector operatives displayed more of an internal attribution and public-sector operatives more of an external attribution. Additionally, the research examined the importance of such factors as working conditions, payment schemes and the social organization of work in relation to the structure of these attitudes.     

Effects of Knowledge on Attitude Formation and Change Toward Genetically Modified Foods

In three waves, this study investigates the impact of risk and benefit knowledge on attitude formation toward genetically modified (GM) foods as well as the moderating effect of knowledge level on attitude change caused by receiving information. The data in Wave 1 (N = 561) demonstrate that both benefit and risk knowledge either directly contribute to attitude formation or indirectly affect attitudes through the mediating roles of benefit and risk perceptions. Overall, benefit and risk knowledge affect consumer attitudes positively and negatively, respectively. In Wave 2, 486 participants from Wave 1 were provided with information about GM foods, and their attitudes were assessed. Three weeks later, 433 of these participants again reported their attitudes. The results indicate that compared with the benefit and mixed information, risk information has a greater and longer lasting impact on attitude change, which results in lower acceptance of GM foods. Furthermore, risk information more strongly influences participants with a higher knowledge level. The moderating effect of knowledge on attitude change may result from these participants’ better understanding of and greater trust in the information. These findings highlight the important role of knowledge in attitude formation and attitude change toward GM foods as well as the necessity of considering the determinants of attitude formation in attitude change studies.     

基于可变风险偏好的知识型员工激励机制研究

本文研究了风险偏好与风险成本,分析了知识型员工风险偏好的特征,利用委托代理模型讨论了确定与不确定环境下员工风险偏好与企业激励强度之间的关系,并对如何协调两者的冲突以及知识型员工与企业间协调作用的特征进行了剖析.研究表明随着员工风险规避度的增大,企业应减小激励强度与风险分担;一定条件下企业和员工可协调对方的行为,但企业的激励措施居于主导地位;与一般员工相比,知识型员工的风险规避度较小且更具可变性,影响企业激励行为的能力更强,与企业间基于可变风险偏好的激励协调行为更可能发生.     

高校知识工作者胜任力要素与个人业绩关系的实证研究

对高校知识工作者胜任力要素与个人业绩的关系进行了实证研究。结果表明,从高校知识工作者胜任力模型中提出的3族36项胜任力要素与个人业绩有紧密的正相关关系。该研究结果通过比较不同的胜任力要素与业绩相关强度的大小,为高校组织和高校知识工作者个人在实践中更加有目的、有步骤地提高胜任力提供了一些启示。     

风险态度不对称下的企业间知识转移研究

知识发送方的风险态度会影响知识流失风险普遍存在的企业间知识转移。为了防控企业间知识转移中的知识流失,考虑知识发送方的风险态度为私有信息,当知识发送方公布虚假风险态度类型,或者知识接收方不相信其公布信息的行为被发现时均会遭受诚信惩罚。利用演化博弈论分析了知识发送方风险态度披露策略和知识接收方信息处理策略的演化均衡,以及其对知识转移的影响,找出了既能最大化双方总收益又能避免知识流失的最佳演化均衡,探讨了实现该均衡的方法,并用算例对结论加以说明。研究表明：知识发送方应结合自身风险态度设置诚信惩罚;诚信惩罚足够大时,一定能实现最佳演化均衡;否则,仅风险厌恶方可能通过增大诚信惩罚,或者选择对其诚信惩罚较大的知识接收方,实现最佳演化均衡。上述结论为企业应如何防控知识转移中的知识流失提供了参考,丰富了企业间知识转移的相关研究成果。     

When Municipality is Partner in Business: A Mapping of Italian Experience

Municipal ownership of companies in Italy is a common phenomenon that underlines the attitude of local bodies towards the supply of particular local services, frequently with a correlation of public and private interests. This article addresses key features of the companies involved. The focus is on their location, legal status, spread of ownership, work, governance and economic performance, as a lead into more comprehensive future research on how municipal ownership can affect company performance and markets in different service areas and territories.     

Importance of active listening in treating workers with musculoskeletal disorders

Female assembly workers reporting constant neck and shoulder pain, despite ergonomically acceptable working conditions, were interviewed. As a starting point in the interviews, the patients were asked to describe their general situation at work. Their reports were fed back and discussed with company management in a wider group meeting and resulted in an improvement in their attitudes to those workers. A climate of confidence and well-being was created, which the women experienced as genuine. The workers' report of pains improved dramatically and absence due to musculoskeletal disorders was reduced by more than 90% during the following year.     

Employees’ positions in virtual working community and their job performances: a social network analysis

Along with the rapid development of Internet, virtual community is gradually introduced into employees’ work and learning. There are many research studies about virtual learning community, but few focus on the virtual working community. This research examines a virtual working community, analyses its social network structure, measures employees’ centrality, and tests the relationship between centrality and job performance. The virtual working community of the online tutors at the School of Distance Learning in Peking University was the research object. Findings suggest that the centrality of employees in the virtual community and their job performance have significant positive correlation. Centrality of the employees and gender are also significantly correlated.