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1.
Prior research seeking to explain variation in extended family coresidence focused heavily on the potentially competing roles
of cultural preferences and socioeconomic and demographic structural constraints. We focus on challenges associated with international
immigration as an additional factor driving variation across groups. Using 2000 census data from Mexico and the United States,
we compare the prevalence and age patterns of various types of extended family and non-kin living arrangements among Mexican-origin
immigrants and nonimmigrants on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border. Additionally, we use the Survey of Income and Program
Participation to examine the stability of extended family living arrangements among Mexican-origin immigrants and natives
in the United States. We find that newly arrived immigrants to the United States display unique patterns in the composition
and stability of their households relative to nonimmigrants in both Mexico and the United States. Recent immigrants are more
likely to reside in an extended family or non-kin household, and among those living with relatives, recent immigrants are
more likely to live with extended family from a similar generation (such as siblings and cousins). Further, these households
experience high levels of turnover. The results suggest that the high levels of coresidence observed among recently arrived
Mexican immigrants represent a departure from “traditional” household/family structures in Mexico and are related to the challenges
associated with international migration. 相似文献
2.
China has experienced great changes in household formation and composition since the mid-twentieth century, and its mean size
of households has fallen from 54 persons in 1947 to 3.1 in 2005. Many of these changes, especially those taking place in the
early years of the People’s Republic, have not been systematically investigated. This paper examines the impact of China’s
major political, social, demographic and economic changes on household formation and composition. The study shows that changes
in Chinese households have not followed a simple linear trajectory, but shown, considerable fluctuations. A drastic increase
in the number of households and a sharp reduction in the mean size of households were recorded after the land reform in the
early 1950s. In the next twenty years, high fertility was promoted by a generally pronatalist environment, and the mean size
of households increased. Since the early 1970s, the nationwide family planning campaign has led to a rapid fertility decline
and great chanes in kinship structure. The recent rise in rural-urban migration has also resulted in many unprecedented changes,
and they have become major forces affecting household formation and family life in contemporary China. 相似文献
3.
Extant ethnographic studies suggest that the nuclear family has been the predominant living arrangement in Cambodia, and the
country’s rapid socioeconomic transformation since the early 1990s may have accentuated that dominance. To examine these claims,
we analyse here household structure in Cambodia between 1998 and 2006, based on data from the 1998 Census, two nationally-representative
surveys (2000 and 2005), and a continuing demographic surveillance system (from 2000 on). Our analysis confirms the large
prevalence of nuclear families, but not an unequivocal trend toward their increasing prevalence. First, nuclear families are
less prevalent in urban than in rural areas, and nationwide, they appear to have receded slightly between 2000 and 2005. We
find that increases in the prevalence of extended households correspond to periods of faster economic growth, and interpret
these contrasted trends as signs of tensions during this transitional period in Cambodia. While the nuclear family may still
be the cultural norm, a high degree of pragmatism is also evident in the acceptance of other living arrangements, albeit temporary,
as required by economic opportunities and housing shortage in urban areas. 相似文献
4.
James A. Sweet 《Demography》1972,9(1):143-157
When her marriage is disrupted a woman must make some decision about where to live. A basic component of residential choice is the decision whether to live alone as the head of a household, to move in with other relatives, or to share a household with nonrelatives. Such a choice is constrained by the availability of relatives, and by whether or not the woman can afford to live alone. The question of living arrangements is one important component of the economic status of women experiencing marital disruption, and the choice between heading a household or sharing someone else’s household influences the differential incidence among population subgroups of the female-headed family. The living arrangements of mothers without husbands are investigated cross-sectionally using the 1/1000 sample of the 1960 census. Attention is focused on what characteristics (age, family composition, education, race, and income) are associated with household headship. Among women who are not household heads, we examine the type of living arrangement from data on “relationship to head of household”. The paper includes some discussion of the ambiguity of the income-living-arrangements relationship, and some discussion of the “tenure” status (owner versus renter) of women in disrupted marital statuses. 相似文献
5.
Labor Migration has long been viewed as a strategy adopted by the household unit to allocate family resources rationally to
increase the flows of income and to raise family standard of living. The research reported here examines the extent to which
remittances sent by Filipino overseas workers increase the income and standard of living of households in the Philippines.
Data for the analysis were obtained from a representative sample of 2,388 households drawn in 1999–2000 from four major “labor
sending” areas in the Philippines. The analysis compares households with and without overseas workers to estimate the contribution
of remittances to household income and to household standard of living (measured once by an ‘objective’ indicator and once
by a ‘subjective’ assessment). The data reveal that due to remittances the income of households with overseas labor migrants
is considerably higher than the income of households without overseas workers. The data also reveal that remittances are used
mostly for consumption purposes (e.g. purchase of food, clothing, education, and goods) and that most of the difference in
standard of living (whether measured on the ‘objective’ or the ‘subjective’ scale) between households with and without overseas
workers are attributed to remittances. The implications of labor migration and the policy that encourages and supports labor
migration for the Filipino society are evaluated and discussed.
相似文献
Anastasia GorodzeiskyEmail: |
6.
Immigrants living in new destinations in 1995 were 2.5 times more likely to have migrated to another labor market by 2000
as immigrants living in traditional places. The researchers look at two competing explanations for immigrants’ differential
internal migration patterns, namely that immigrants prefer areas with relatively large nativity concentrations which provide
them with social support versus immigrants are target earners who prefer robust labor markets with strong employment growth
and high wages. Utilizing confidential Census data for 1990 and 2000, the authors develop new destination classifications
for 741 labor markets that take into account the differential growth and composition characteristics of 24 Asian, Latin American
and Caribbean immigrant groups living in those markets. The empirical analysis of labor market out-migration indicates that
immigrants do not see internal migration as an either/or choice between economics and social support but prefer residence
places that allow them to maximize both conditions. 相似文献
7.
Zeng Yi Kenneth C. Land Zhenglian Wang Danan Gu 《Population research and policy review》2006,25(1):1-41
The classic headship-rate method for demographic projections of households is not linked to demographic rates, projects a
few household types without size, and does not deal with household members other than heads. By comparison, the ProFamy method
uses demographic rates as input and projects more detailed household types, sizes, and living arrangements for all members
of the population. Tests of projections from 1990 to 2000 using ProFamy and based on observed U.S. demographic rates before
1991 show that discrepancies between our projections and census observations in 2000 are reasonably small, validating the
new method. Using data from national surveys and vital statistics, census microfiles, and the ProFamy method, we prepare projections
of U.S. households from 2000 to 2050. Medium projections as well as projections based on smaller and larger family scenarios
with corresponding combinations of assumptions of marriage/union formation and dissolution, fertility, mortality, and international
migration are performed to analyze future trends of U.S. households and their possible higher and lower bounds, as well as
enormous racial differentials. To our knowledge, the household projections reported in this article are the first to have
found empirical evidence of family household momentum and to have provided informative low and high bounds of various indices
of projected future households and living arrangements distributions based on possible changes in demographic parameters. 相似文献
8.
Previous research on migration and gendered career outcomes centers on couples and rarely examines the reason for the move.
The implicit assumption is usually that households migrate in response to job opportunities. Based on a two-year panel from
the Current Population Survey, this article uses stated reasons for geographic mobility to compare earnings outcomes among
job migrants, family migrants, and quality-of-life migrants by gender and family status. We further assess the impact of migration
on couples’ internal household economy. The effects of job-related moves that we find are reduced substantially in the fixed-effects
models, indicating strong selection effects. Married women who moved for family reasons experience significant and substantial
earnings declines. Consistent with conventional models of migration, we find that household earnings and income and gender
specialization increase following job migration. Married women who are secondary earners have increased odds of reducing their
labor supply following migration for job or family reasons. However, we also find that migrating women who contributed as
equals to the household economy before the move are no more likely than nonmigrant women to exit work or to work part-time.
Equal breadwinner status may protect women from becoming tied movers. 相似文献
9.
This paper examines the impact of husbands’ migration on the lives of women left behind. Using data from the India Human Development
Survey 2005, we focus on two dimensions of women’s lives: women’s autonomy and control over their lives; and women’s labour
force participation. Results suggest that household structure forms the key mediating factor through which husbands’ absence
affects women. Women not residing in extended families are faced with both higher levels of responsibilities and greater autonomy,
while women who live in extended households do not experience these demands or benefits. 相似文献
10.
Siew-Ean Khoo 《Journal of Population Research》2012,29(2):119-140
The paper examines ethnic differences in the social and economic well-being of the immigrant aged in Australia and the factors
affecting older immigrants’ well-being as measured by a number of indicators. The data analysis is guided by the concept of
the ‘Third Age’ as the basis for a more positive approach to the discussion of ageing and as a life-cycle stage of independent
living in old age, focusing on the pursuit of an active retirement and the absence of core activity restrictions. Data from
the 2006 population census on living arrangements, need for assistance with daily activities, income, participation in paid
work and volunteering, and provision of care to other family members are used to examine the social and economic well-being
of the immigrant population aged 65 and over identified by their country or region of origin and in comparison with the Australian-born
aged. Policy implications of the research findings are discussed. 相似文献
11.
Thomas KJ 《Demography》2012,49(2):477-498
This study uses data from the 2000 U.S. census to examine whether the schooling advantage of black immigrants’ children found
in previous studies is robust. According to the results, the advantage associated with having migrant parents is not restricted
to the children of immigrants. Black migrant parents, regardless of foreign-born status, have children with favorable schooling
outcomes. Such parental-level influences, however, seem stronger among some immigrant groups than among native internal migrants.
The study also suggests that the collective advantage of the children of immigrants is driven by positive migrant selectivity.
Accordingly, comparisons between the children of native migrants and children in various immigrant groups reveal that the
immigrant advantage is not robust. In fact, the results suggest that when immigrant ethnicity is considered, some children
of immigrants may be disadvantaged relative to the children of native migrants. Among recent migrants, the children of native
internal migrants also have more favorable outcomes than the children of immigrants, although these differences disappear
after background factors are controlled. Further, internal-migrant and immigrant households are less likely to have characteristics
that adversely affect schooling than nonmigrant households. Unsurprisingly, the children of nonmigrants have the worst outcomes
among black youths. 相似文献
12.
Jeromey Temple 《Journal of Population Research》2007,24(2):227-251
Recently, McDonaldet al. (2006) outlined a new method of projecting living arrangements, households and dwellings at the national and subnational
level, using quinquennial census data. The purpose of this paper is to apply this new simulation method to project the composition
of elderly living arrangements at the national and subnational level in Australia over the period 2001 to 2016.
This study presents projections of living arrangements for Temporal Statistical Districts within New South Wales and for Australia
as a whole. Results show a strong increase in the number of the elderly living alone, particularly elderly males. The rate
of growth in lone-person households is particularly strong in coastal and regional New South Wales, underlining the importance
of capturing subnational differences in probabilities of births, deaths, migration and household movements when producing
regional projections of living arrangements. This paper concludes by considering implications of the findings and potential
uses of the net transition probability method. 相似文献
13.
Sylke Viola Schnepf 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(3):527-545
Studies on immigrants’ disadvantage focus predominantly on labour market perspectives. Immigrants’ poor education is a subject
much less examined especially in a cross-national context. This paper examines differences in educational achievement between
immigrants and natives across ten OECD countries. In English-speaking countries, immigrants fare best, while in Continental
European countries they fare worse compared to natives. Whilst language skills seem to explain immigrants’ disadvantage in
English-speaking countries, socioeconomic background and school segregation are further important determinants of immigrants’
gap in Continental Europe. Results presented are predominantly robust across three sources of achievement data: PISA, TIMSS
and PIRLS.
相似文献
14.
Differences between immigrant and native households in rates of welfare receipt depend on nativity differences in individual-level rates of receipt, in household size, in mean number of recipients in receiving households, and in household nativity composition. We present algebraic derivations of these relationships and use data from the 1990 and 1991 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine empirically the extent to which levels of welfare receipt for immigrants and natives are sensitive to the use of household-, family-, or individual-level units of analysis or presentation. The findings show that nativity differences are statistically significant only at the level of larger units. The results also indicate that if immigrants and natives had identical living arrangements, immigrants' household-level receipt of Supplemental Security Income would significantly exceed natives' receipt even more than it actually does, but the nativity difference in receipt of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) would reverse directions. Moreover, the level of AFDC receipt of immigrant households falls significantly below that of native households when native-born children living in households headed by immigrants are treated as if they were foreign born. 相似文献
15.
Farm Household Lifecycles and Land Use in the Ecuadorian Amazon 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This paper describes trends in population, household formation, fragmentation of landholdings, and changes in land use between
1990 and 1999 in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon (NEA)—one of the areas of highest biodiversity in the world. It also shows
how changes in land use are associated with the duration (or age) of the farm settlement, which is also linked to the stage
in the farm household lifecycle and household composition. The study is based upon data from two detailed household surveys,
which result in a cohort of 246 farm households interviewed in 1990 and 1999 as well as 383 new farm households constituted
after 1990. Distinct patterns of land use are linked with duration of settlement, independent of when settlement occurred
in the region. 相似文献
16.
Kevin J. A. Thomas 《Population research and policy review》2012,31(4):587-607
This study uses data from the 2002 Rwandan census to situate the discourse on migration and orphan well-being within the context of the household. According to its findings, migrant orphans are less likely than non-migrant orphans to live in households with less favorable structural characteristics such as single-parent households. Significant differences are also found in the implied gains to living standards and schooling associated with migration among paternal, maternal, and double-orphans. However, the higher living standards and schooling attainment of orphan migrants relative to their non-migrant counterparts disappear within child-headed household contexts. More generally, the results indicate that the higher living standards of migrant orphans are in part driven by the fact that they mostly live in households with migrant household-heads or migrant spouses. Yet the analysis also suggests that orphans living within these contexts experience higher levels of intra-household discrimination in investments in their schooling, relative to their orphan counterparts who live in non-migrant households. 相似文献
17.
The concept of Quality of life (QOL) has received considerable attention from different disciplines. The aim of this study
was to identify what are the correlates of QOL among Chinese new immigrants in Hong Kong. Data were collected through a cross-sectional
survey among 449 Hong Kong new immigrants from Mainland China. Bivariate and multiple regression analyses were performed to
examine the association between immigrants’ QOL and their demographic characteristics, socio-economic factors, optimism, sense
of control, perceived social support, perceived neighborhood disorder, collective efficacy, pre-migration planning, depressive
symptoms and acculturation stress. Our findings demonstrated that depressive symptom is the most prominent factor in reducing
immigrants’ level of QOL, perceived social support and optimism are the two important factors that enhance the QOL of these
depressed immigrants. Our results indicate that preventive measures must be developed, and professional counseling and psychological
support services must be provided to new immigrants in Hong Kong, especially those who have depressive symptoms. 相似文献
18.
Johan H. Martins 《Social indicators research》2007,81(2):203-221
In the absence of a universally accepted method of calculating poverty, household expenditure can be used to provide an indication of inequality of wealth and serve as an indicator of poverty. Household expenditure comprises expenditure of private households on goods and services, irrespective of their durability. The portion of household budgets allocated to different types of goods and services provides an indication of the material standard of living of a population. The article discusses different definitions of poverty and compares the state of poverty according to these definitions in selected countries. This is followed by an analysis of South Africa’s economic position in the world and a comparison of the household budgets and demographic profile of South African households that fall into different income groups in order to identify the differences between the poorest and the wealthiest households in South Africa. Income inequality in South Africa is further elucidated by means of the Gini coefficient. A comparison is also made between the household budgets of the poorest households with the minimum financial living level requirements in South Africa to maintain their health and have acceptable standards of hygiene and sufficient clothing for their needs. 相似文献
19.
P. C. Albuquerque 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(3):271-289
Portugal, a southern European country, is expected to exhibit a relatively large proportion of extended households. However,
following some general trends associated with large social transformations, Portugal is also expected to have an increasingly
larger proportion of nuclear families. We use data from the eight waves of ECHP (European Community Household Panel), covering
the years from 1994 to 2001, to establish whether these expectations are justified. Among the nuclear households that include
elderly members, we isolate those corresponding to single-person households, since they are particularly relevant for policy
purposes. Separate analyses are carried out for the elderly with health problems and for those with no health problems, in
order to detect different patterns of living arrangements. We also project the living arrangements until 2005, based on an
age-period-cohort analysis. We find that the extended households are a very significant form of living arrangement with reference
to the Portuguese elderly, and a living arrangement whose importance is not declining over time. In particular, the oldest
old constitutes the group that tends to be found living most frequently in extended households, while those with health problems
start much earlier than those with no health problems to live in extended households as they grow older. The proportion of
individuals aged 65+ living alone has somewhat decreased, but the proportion of this type of household largely increases with
age.
相似文献
P. C. AlbuquerqueEmail: |
20.
Véronique Hertrich Pascaline Feuillet Olivia Samuel Assa Doumbia Gakou Aurélien Dasré 《Population studies》2020,74(1):119-138
Are ‘statistical households’, as defined in national censuses, able to describe the family environment in Africa? Do they correspond to the family units that individuals identify with? To address this issue, we build on a follow-up survey in south-east Mali, which links national censuses with local censuses at the individual level (N?≈?28,000 census observations). Three cross-sectional snapshots of family arrangements are compared: households recorded in national censuses, and family economic units and residential units recorded by local censuses. The national census household data appear poorly suited to documenting family living arrangements. They do not account for family economic units or residential units, but are highly conditioned by a normative representation centred on the nuclear family. Therefore, they fail to describe the complexity and diversity of people’s living spaces, making particular types of living arrangements invisible and increasing the likelihood of omitting individuals who do not fit into a nuclear model. 相似文献