阿富汗毒品经济：历史、作用与成因

阿富汗毒品经济主要来源于以鸦片生产和贸易为主的非法经济活动。阿富汗的毒品资金主要通过鸦片种植和毒品加工保护费、毒品国际走私通道保护费、毒品销售资金这三种方式流向塔利班以及基地组织手中,成为恐怖组织源源不断的经济来源。阿富汗农民长期贫困与毒品经济巨大利润形成的反差、喀布尔政府权力虚弱与管治无力、塔利班分子苦心经营以及美国阿富汗政策的连续失误,使得阿富汗毒品经济在短时间内难以铲除,成为国际反恐战争的最大障碍。     

拉丁美洲汇率政策的政治经济学--兼评国际金融政治经济学

拉丁美洲地区的汇率政策经常变化,这种变化可以用最近兴起的国际金融的政治经济学(PEIF)进行解释.通过对巴西的案例分析发现,国际金融政治经济学为我们理解国际金融领域的政策和各种新问题提供了一个强有力的工具.     

The Political Economy of Pension Reform in Eastern Europe

The retirement schemes in several East European countries underwent fundamental change in recent years, defying conventional wisdom in welfare state research. This article takes a new look at the determinants of paradigm choice in the area of old-age security, comparing the Polish, Hungarian and Czech experience from an actor-centred institutionalist perspective. The author points out that structural factors — notably the financial situation of retirement schemes and the level of external debt — largely determined the set of main pension reform actors, as well as their relative strength. The resulting actor constellations produced the basic paradigm choice, based on the actors' respective cognitive maps and consequent perception of pension reform alternatives. Tactical moves and the strategic potentialities of the chosen paradigm were also relevant.     

技术的政治经济学：基于马克思主义劳动过程理论的思考

劳动过程是一个加工原材料的生产性转化过程，在其中实现了劳动与技术的双重转化。马克思主义劳动过程理论通过劳动政治这一概念将生产体制与技术形成之间的相关性勾连起来。但是马克思主义劳动过程理论多关注技术对劳动的殖民，对于劳动政治与技术形成复杂的互动过程鲜有触及。技术形成可区分为物化技术选择和技能生产两个面向，不同的劳动政治类型能够规制技能生产的路径走向，进而影响物化技术的选择。在这个过程中，劳动的“主体性”得到充分展示，与此相关的技术形成政治经济学是解释资本主义国家形成不同竞争优势的一个重要切入点。     

Morality Politics vs. Political Economy: The Case of School-Based Health Centers

Objective . Scholars continue to debate whether morally charged political issues constitute a distinct type of policy question or produce essentially the same political dynamic as public controversies lacking an overt moral dimension. The debate will not be resolved until scholars test the determinants of putative morality policies with predictors drawn both from morality politics theory and from the socioeconomic factors that account for the distribution of many other public policies. This study reports such a test. Methods . We analyze data from our national survey of directors of school-based health centers. We use ordinary least squares regression models to predict the level of reproductive health care services provided to adolescents. Results . Service levels were influenced not only by cultural considerations, as morality politics theory would anticipate, but also by the same socioeconomic forces that account for policy levels in other domains. Conclusions . Policy for morality issues appears different from that for nonmorality issues but less distinctive than commonly imagined.     

The Political Economy of City Formation in California: Limits to Tiebout Sorting

Objective . This paper analyzes the extent to which voter behavior in city formation elections supports Tiebout's (1956) hypothesis that residential sorting facilitates efficiency of local service provision. It develops a two-stage model of city formation to distinguish agenda setting from voter outcomes on city formation proposals. Methods . Logit analysis is used to analyze voting in 71 city formation elections, incorporating Heckman's two-stage procedure to correct for self-selection of local referenda. Results . Community fiscal and demographic factors influence agenda setting more than voting behavior. Wealthier communities in high-growth counties are more likely to propose formation of a city. In contrast, community characteristics have little influence on electoral outcomes, suggesting that boundedly rational voters rely on information heuristics. Conclusions . Although reduction of diversity did not appear to motivate city formation, sorting around residential income, land use preferences, and other demographic variables may facilitate relative efficiency of service provision.     

The Political Economy of Social Insurance: Towards a Fiscal‐Centred Framework

This article draws attention to social insurance (SI) as a revenue raising institution, and explores the potential merits of drawing on new fiscal sociology for studying the development of SI systems. This is done by revisiting previous research conducted in Germany, the USA, Finland and Israel and by offering a new reading of their findings. The reviewed cases support two interlocking claims drawn from new fiscal sociology to the study of SI. The first is that state actors may perceive SI as an extraction instrument and employ it to advance fiscal and/or economic interests other than covering the costs of SI schemes. The second is that the design and management of contribution policies for such purposes may have substantial ramifications for the development of SI schemes. In addition, while current understandings tend to associate fiscal concerns with welfare state retrenchment, this article shows that they can also play a major role in driving welfare state expansion.     

政经合一与中国周边外交的拓展

新世纪中国周边外交的拓展有赖于平衡安全合作与经济增长两个方面。本文首先梳理了周边外交在整个中国国际战略和外交格局中的地位,进而分别以中国亚洲贸易格局调整与企业“走出去”战略为例,论述了贸易、投资如何与安全合作、地区合作相互促进,拓展了中国的周边外交。中国～东盟自由贸易区和上海合作组织的制度建设快速增进了东南亚、中亚与中国的投资贸易关系,而投资贸易关系的深化又促进了中国的周边外交。中国与周边国家的关系进入了一个日渐均衡的相互依赖阶段。     

Town Born: The Political Economy of New England from Its Founding to the Revolution

Valerie A. Kivelson, Autocracy in the Provinces. The Muscovite Gentry and Political Culture in the Seventeenth Century (1997), xx + 372 (Stanford University Press, Stanford, $55.00).

Theda Perdue, Cherokee Women: Gender and Culture Change, 1700–1835 (1998), xi + 252 (University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska and London, $40.00).

William Reddy, The Invisible Code: Honor and Sentiment in Postrevolutionary France, 1814–1848 (1997), xv + 258 (University of California Press, Berkeley, $40.00).

Peter Mandler, The Fall and Rise of the Stately Home (1997), 544 (Yale University Press, New Haven, $45.00).

Pamela Scully, Liberating the Family? Gender and British Slave Emancipation in the Rural Western Cape, South Africa, 1823—1853 (1997), xiii + 210 (Heinemann, James Currey and David Philip, New Hampshire, Oxford and South Africa, $60.00, paperback $23.95).

Rick Halpern and Jonathan Morris (eds), American Exceptionalism? US Working‐Class Formation in an International Context (1997), x + 325 (St Martin's Press, New York, $69.95).

Padraic Kenney, Rebuilding Poland: Workers and Communists, 1945–1950 (1997), xv + 360 (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, $39.95).

Frederick Cooper, Decolonization and African Society: The Labor Question in French and British Africa (1996), xvii + 677 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, $69.95/ paperback $27.95).

David Horn, Social Bodies. Science, Reproduction, and Italian Modernity (1994), 189 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, $45.00, paperback $15.95).     

State-Monopoly Capitalism and Bourgeois Political Economy

The point of departure in a critical analysis of current economic theories of monopoly capitalism is the undisputed fact that they reflect objective reality and that this objective reality is distorted and often deformed in these theories because bourgeois science is inherently incapable of understanding the real essence of social development. (1)     

The Impact of Neo-liberalism on South Korea's Public Pension: A Political Economy of Pension Reform

This article examines the recent Korean pension reforms from a political economy perspective. It argues that these reforms are of particular interest because, unlike major pay-as-you-go pension schemes in Europe, the Korean pension scheme is a funded one and, therefore, is subject to market exposure. Also in contrast to the problems that public pension reforms have encountered in European and other OECD countries, especially 'blame avoidance', the more radical Korean reforms were implemented without significant challenge or resistance. First of all, the National Pension Scheme is described prior to the 1997 Asian economic crisis. Then the impact of this crisis on the Korean welfare state and, especially, its pension system are analysed. The main part of the article consists of a political economy of the pension reform process, in which the key roles of the international governmental organizations and the domestic neo-liberal policy elite are pinpointed. This neo-liberal ideology was critical in developing and sustaining an influential discourse on the 'crisis' in Korea's national pension fund. The article concludes by arguing, against the neo-liberal tide, for the inclusion of a pay-as-you-go element in the national pension in order to tackle escalating poverty in old age.     

From Austerity to Austerity: The Political Economy of Public Pension Reforms in Romania and Bulgaria

This article discusses the trajectories of pension system reforms in two of the latecomers to the EU: Bulgaria and Romania. It finds that over the past two decades, the two countries pursued increasingly dissimilar public pension reforms for managing their respective public pay‐as‐you‐go pension systems. Using a political institutionalist theoretical framework, I argue that the divergence between the two cases is attributable to multiple factors. First, different temporary political compromises between national and international actors generated reforms that retrenched public pensions and introduced mandatory private accounts. Second, pension reforms often had unintended consequences that limited their intended impact. Third, incremental adjustments introduced by governments in response to political pressures caused alternating phases of austerity and generosity that catered to different constituencies in each country. In Romania, reform outcomes amounted to a moderately generous pension system, financed through relatively high contribution rates with a small funded component, while in the case of Bulgaria, the pension system evolved into a meagre programme, financed through low contribution rates and a larger private pillar.     

The Political Economy of Privatization in Sub‐Saharan Africa*

Objective. Few studies have examined the determinants of privatization in Sub‐Saharan Africa. This study examined the macroeconomic, political, and institutional factors that drive the privatization process in Sub‐Saharan Africa. Method. We used pooled ordinary least squares regression estimation technique to analyze the determinants of privatization in 22 Sub‐Saharan African countries over a period of 12 years (1991–2002). Results. We found that inflation, income inequality, and the institutional or governance infrastructure are key determinants of privatization in Sub‐Saharan Africa. On the other hand, we did not find democracy and debt to be significantly correlated with privatization. However, countries with high debt levels that were also experiencing high inflation were more likely to privatize. Conclusion. Government leadership and, consequently, politics play a significant role in the privatization decision in Sub‐Saharan African countries.     

农业农村现代化一体推进的政治经济学逻辑

农业农村现代化是新时代党在农村工作的战略部署。农业农村现代化是由农业现代化和农村现代化两个方面构成的有机整体。农业现代化与农村现代化共同联系的是生产方式的两个方面,农业现代化联结的是农村的生产力,农村现代化联结的是农村的生产关系,农业现代化与农村现代化在生产力与生产关系的交互作用规律支配下历史演进。一体推进农业现代化和农村现代化是新时代农业农村现代化的现实进路,要在农业现代化和农村现代化一体设计上系统谋划,在补齐农业现代化和农村现代化短板方面集中发力,在一体推进农业农村现代化治理体系和治理能力上夯实基础,充分释放农业现代化和农村现代化耦合互促的乘数效应。     

论当代国际政治经济学流派

在人们应对全球化浪潮 ,透视这种全球的政治与经济相互渗透现象并力图揭示其本质的过程中 ,国际政治经济学逐步产生了 ,人们运用它对新的世界政治经济形势进行理论分析。本文重点对该理论的传统及三大新流派进行述评。     

泡沫经济与日本政治文化的演变

20世纪80年代以后日本泡沫经济引发的种种社会现象,特别是政治文化方面的变化,促进了日本学界对当代日本社会的新一轮探究。从“日本孩童资本主义”的定性到“日本异质论”,从对“日本奇迹”的质疑到对“日本模式”的否定,日本国家的现实及其走向似乎又成了一个大大的问号。实际上,学界所说的日本政治保守化倾向是由其国家发展战略的外向性和大众意识的内向性特点所构成的。泡沫经济的崩溃,不但加速了日本社会的结构疲劳,更扩大了社会思潮的混沌