超越"忙碌":一个美好的期许

忙碌是个人内心和社会压力双重驱使和"逼迫"的结果.对每一个身陷其忙的人而言,问题可能不在于忙不忙,而在于是否在忙中体验快乐和幸福.     

争做职场"姿本家"

当"眼球经济""美女经济"、"人造美女热"蜂拥而上时,职场迎来了"姿本时代".但在张扬着"姿本时代"旗帜的职场,并非只有美女才能纵横江湖.事实上,你不必为自己长相平凡而悲观沮丧,怨天尤人,因为"姿本"并非专指"姿色",怀揣写真集去求职其实是对"姿本时代"最糟糕不过的理解.     

"相对教育"对代际地位传递的作用

基于"相对教育"理论假说,本文利用2003年至2015年中国综合社会调查数据,考察了教育扩张对中国城市代际地位传递的影响机制.当教育被视为一种位置性商品时,教育扩张导致劳动力市场中教育相对价值下降.研究发现,随着教育相对价值的下降,家庭阶层背景对地位获得的作用逐渐增强,并且家庭阶层背景的作用大于家庭教育背景的作用.这一发现有利于解释既有研究关于教育扩张是否减少社会不平等的争论,其现实意义在于:当教育文凭无法帮助子女迈过预期的地位获得"门槛"时,父母将倾注更多资源弥补子女教育竞争优势的不足,以帮助子女获得预期社会地位.     

关于初中生爱情教育的争论与反思

爱情教育是我国初中阶段学校教育的空白,一直到2004年,上海在试行的初三语文新教材中设置了"爱情单元",爱情教育在我国才算真正开始.初中阶段学校教育是否应该引入爱情教育,引入爱情教育后会产生或导致什么样的结果等问题,引发很大的争论.评定争论双方价值对错,主要在于对争论的对象性问题进行反思.只有经过经验和理性相结合的对象性反思,才能对爱情教育进行公正的社会评价和理性的价值评判.     

房地产市场调控应"公平优先,兼顾效率"

当前,关于我国房地产市场宏观调控的成效及问题,争论很大.笔者认为,我国房地产市场的种种问题,其根源主要在于政府在"效率"和"公平"这两个目标上的错位和摇摆.为了促进我国房地产市场的健康发展,不仅要加强制度建设和市场建设,更应遵循"公平优先,兼顾效率"的原则,对政府的调控目标进行战略性调整.     

"逆城市化"趋势及城市规模扩展机制

从上世纪90年代后期开始,中国经济便走出了长期的短缺经济阴影,经济发展过程中买方市场逐渐形成,进入了"过剩经济"时代,需求约束明显增强,消费和流通取代生产成为制约经济成长的瓶颈,城市成为经济要素中的"短缺"资源,城市的增长对创造就业机会起到了重要的作用.     

未来中国经济:如何跨越“中等收入陷阱”

在全球经济危机影响下,中国经济面临外部条件恶化、国内问题凸显的考验,有关中国经济高速发展可持续性的争议引人关注。学术界对于"中等收入陷阱"的研究和分析表明,无论命题真伪,确实在一部分发展中国家的经济发展过程中,出现了"中等收入陷阱"的现象和事实。经济发展不仅仅是突破"贫困陷阱"和"人口陷阱"的问题,到一定阶段还会面临"中等收入陷阱"的挑战。中国未来5~10年是一个非常关键的发展时期,关系到是否可以顺利地跨越"中等收入陷阱",进入高收入国家行列。中国必须通过制度创新,彻底转变经济发展方式,这才是未来成功跨越"中等收入陷阱"的战略选择和必由之路。     

读书"乌托邦"的垮掉

对目前流行的"读书无用论",我认为存在着一种误读,即,实际上在绝大多数情况下,根本不存在所谓读书的"无用",而很可能是许多人读了无用的"书".要不然,我们何以看到每年有那么多如过江之鲫般的人潮涌入中国的各类学校,向着学士、硕士、博士等狂奔,更有甚者,那些令许多人艳羡的大小官员,也通过各种方式到读书之地--学校--为自己谋得一顶更高学位的帽子?因此,问题不在"读书"无用,而在于我们对读书的定位和期许似乎出了点问题.     

关于创建"新型生态矿区"的思考

随着我国矿业发展的日益兴旺,矿产保护,文明生产,资源充分利用显得尤为重要.由此,要求创建"新型生态矿区"的呼声强烈.何谓"新型生态矿区",创建的意义何在,怎样创建?这些都应该是我们在西部大开发的矿业经济发展中,必须要弄明白的问题.为此,笔者特结合学法和执法调查的体会,对上述几个问题作些思考.     

对"人文教育"的几点认识

多年来, "人文校园"、 "人文德育"、"人文课堂"、 "人文关怀"等等,成了教育界的热频词语.有的学校提出"实践人文教育",有的学校提出"人文见长,全面发展",有的学校则提出要培养具有"人文情怀"的学生.但是在"人文"热的背后,我们却看到泥沙俱下,"人文"的观点多存有片面性,运用容易极端化.原因之一是教育的基础理论对"人文教育"的研究很零散、很肤浅.因此,很有必要厘清人文教育的有关概念,廓清对"人文教育"有关理论的认识.     

工程研究的"是"与"应当"——从工程哲学谈起

工程是人类最基本的实践活动,是人类能动性、创造性的最重要、最基本的表现方式之一.现代工程不但深刻地改变着自然的面貌,也塑造了而且还在继续改变着现代社会的面貌,乃至塑造和改变着人本身.人类正是通过"造物"活动创造自己的历史,建造自己的生活世界,从而也创造人本身.     

“学生潮”与“民工潮”的关系及影响

本文通过对耒阳市暑假期间农村中小学生流动情况的考察。发现暑假期间外出的农村中小学生规模相当宏大，形成了一股与“民工潮”相对的“学生潮”。本文提出“学生潮”的概念，并揭示和剖析出“学生潮”与“民工潮”之间的内在复杂关系以及“学生潮”对社会尤其是对教育的负面影响。     

Theorizing Diaspora: Perspectives on "Classical" and "Contemporary" Diaspora

Cohen (1997) employed the term “classical” diaspora in reference to the Jews. Indeed, a vast corpus of work recognizes the Jewish people as examples of quintessential diasporic groups. However, a broader conceptualization of the term diaspora allows for the inclusion of immigrant communities that would be otherwise sidelined in the conventional literature on diaspora. This study is therefore a departure from the traditional diasporic literature, which tends to use the Jewish Diaspora as the archetype. It favours, rather, the classification of three principal broad historical waves in which the Jewish Diaspora can be interpreted as part of a classical period. The historicizing of diasporization for the purpose of this paper is achieved by an empirical discussion of the three major historical waves that influenced the diasporic process throughout the world: the Classical Period, the Modern Period, and the Contemporary or Late‐modern Period. The paper discusses these three critical phases in the following manner: first, reference is made to the Classical Period, which is associated primarily with ancient diaspora and ancient Greece. The second historical phase analyses diaspora in relation to the Modern Period, which can be interpreted as a central historical fact of slavery and colonization. This section can be further subdivided into three large phases: (1) the expansion of European capital (1500–1814), (2) the Industrial Revolution (1815–1914), and (3) the Interwar Period (1914–1945). The final major period of diasporization can be considered a Contemporary or Late‐modern phenomenon. It refers to the period immediately after World War II to the present day, specifying the case of the Hispanics in the United States as one key example. The paper outlines some aspects of the impact of the Latin American diaspora on the United States, from a socio‐economic and politico‐cultural point of view. While the Modern and Late‐modern periods are undoubtedly the most critical for an understanding of diaspora in a modern, globalized context, for the purpose of this paper, more emphasis is placed on the latter period, which illustrates the progressive effect of globalization on the phenomenon of diasporization. The second period, the Modern Phase is not examined in this paper, as the focus is on a comparative analysis of the early Classical Period and the Contemporary or Late‐modern Period. The incorporation of diaspora as a unit of analysis in the field of international relations has been largely neglected by both recent and critical scholarship on the subject matter. While a growing number of studies focus on the increasing phenomenon of diasporic communities, from the vantage of social sciences, the issue of diaspora appears to be inadequately addressed or ignored altogether. Certain key factors present themselves as limitations to the understanding of the concept, as well as its relevance to the field of international relations and the social sciences as a whole. This paper is meant to clarify some aspects of the definition of diaspora by critiquing the theories in the conventional literature, exposing the lacunae in terms of interpretation of diaspora and in the final analysis, establishing a historiography that may be useful in comparing certain features of “classical” diaspora and “contemporary” diaspora. The latter part of the paper is intended to provide illustrations of a contemporary diasporic community, using the example of Hispanics in the United States.     

"Sense" and "Intention" in Max Weber's Theory of Social Action

Ambiguities in Weber's theory of social action have been compounded in translation into English. American commentators have generally given a psychological twist to Weber's concepts of "intended sense" and "understanding," in terms of an "imputation of motive." Weber, on the other hand, distinguishes between the intended sense of an action and the actor's motivation. As a sociologist, he is interested, not in the imputation of motive to the individual actor, but in understanding social action in its "context of sense" in relation to "typical" or "cross-sectional" usages based on "consensus," that is, in its "cultural significance".     

From "Us" to "Them": Diasporic Linkages and Identity Politics

Global diasporas-a type of social formation mediating economic, political, and cultural affairs across borders-have been a focus of globalization researchers for some time. However, up to now, little knowledge exists on how social identification affects business participation in diaspora communities and how such participation modifies social identification. This article, based on empirical research on diasporic linkages between Taiwanese transnationals and ethnic Chinese overseas, serves to illustrate a) how globalization has enhanced the practical and economic roles of diasporas, and b) how economic practices and ethnic identification interact within diasporic communities. The author argues that ethnic membership still remains contested, despite diasporas serving as flexible forms of social organization in the mediation of capital flow.     

"Ordinary people" and "death work": Palestinian suicide bombers as victimizers and victims

Applying criminological/victimological concepts and theories, the study addresses the social processes involved in Palestinians' suicide terrorism and describes Palestinians' pathways to suicide bombing. The data are derived from in-depth interviews of 7 male and female Palestinians serving prison sentences in Israel for attempted suicide bombing. The social background, context, and experiences of the interviewees, including their recruitment, interactions with the organizations that produce suicide bombing, the tangible and intangible incentives and rewards that motivated them to become suicide bombers, their preparation for the mission, and the strategies employed by the organizations to sustain recruits' resolve to conform to the plan are described and analyzed. The implications of the findings for theory and public policy are drawn and discussed.     

从经营城市上升到经略城市

一、经营城市的积极作用及其局限性 经营城市说在近10年从国外引进,但经营城市的做法在改革开放后即逐渐推行,而且异常火爆,经营城市在城市经济活动中运用了市场机制,遵循市场规律,调动多方面的积极性,广泛吸纳生产要素,盘活城市资产,对利用各类城市资源取得了立竿见影的效果,使城市建设特别是房地产开发迅猛地发展起来.但经营城市本身亦有其局限性,经营的主体非城市政府莫属,而经营城市又是一种市场行为,其目标是追求经济效益,政府经营城市难免产生诸多弊端.