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1.
制度变迁中的城镇居民消费行为研究——基于预防性储蓄理论的分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国改革进程中产生的不确定性外部环境深刻影响着中国居民的消费行为。30年的经济改革过程中就业制度、收入分配制度、住房制度、医疗制度、教育制度等一系列的改革打破了计划经济体制下城镇居民的零风险预期,导致居民的支出和收入不确定性预期迅速增加,流动性约束进一步加剧了这种不确定性预期。努力提高居民收入,健全完善社会保障制度,促进消费信贷发展,是减少居民不确定性预期、促进居民消费增长的必要途径。 相似文献
2.
Lena Nekby 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):197-226
This study analyzes emigration propensities for natives and immigrants delineating among immigrant emigrants between return and onward migration. Results indicate that emigrants are positively selected in terms of upper education. Well-educated immigrants have a higher probability of leaving for third-country destinations than returning to countries of origin. Predicted age–income profiles for immigrants show that return migrants have higher adjusted mean income levels than non-emigrants up to the age of 40. Onward migrants have lower predicted income levels across the age distribution due to this group’s composition and relatively low employment levels in Sweden. Separate estimations by region of origin indicate that within each group, onward migrants are more positively selected then return migrants in terms of income.
相似文献
Lena NekbyEmail: Fax: +46-44-8159482 |
3.
Masanori Kuroki 《Journal of population economics》2018,31(1):107-133
This paper presents empirical evidence that racial diversity and immigrant population at the local level tend to be associated with lower life satisfaction for Whites by matching individual data with the county-level population data during the period 2005–2010. The magnitudes I find suggest that a ten-percentage-point increase in the share of the non-White population (approximately one half of a standard deviation) is associated with 0.006 and 0.007 points reduction in life satisfaction on a four-point scale for White men and White women, respectively. For White men, this effect appears to be driven by the percentage of the population that is Black. I also find that a ten-percentage-point increase in the percentage of the immigrant population (approximately 2 standard deviations) is associated with 0.009 and 0.021 points reduction in life satisfaction for White men and White women, respectively. The percentage of the non-White population seems to reduce older Whites’ life satisfaction more than that of younger Whites. Though the scale of the findings relating to the impact of local racial compositions and immigrant population is relatively modest, the findings may pose a challenge in the coming years as the percentage of the population that is non-White rises in the USA. 相似文献
4.
This paper investigates the impacts of national health insurance on the labor market, by considering the case of Taiwan, which implemented national health insurance in March 1995. Taiwan’s national health insurance is financed by premiums, which are proportional to an employee’s salary. These premiums may introduce distortions to the labor market. Based on repeated cross-sections of individual data we find that, on average, private sector employees’ work hours declined relative to their public sector counterparts, whereas their relative wage rates were almost unchanged with the introduction of national health insurance. The results suggest that neither private sector employers nor their employees were able to shift their premium burden to each other. 相似文献
5.
This study applies rich data from the 2000 Swiss census to investigate the patterns of intergenerational education transmission
for natives and second-generation immigrants. The level of secondary schooling attained by youth aged 17 is related to their
parents’ educational outcomes based on data on the entire Swiss population. Extending economic theories of child educational
attainment, we derive hypotheses regarding the patterns of intergenerational education transmission. The data yield substantial
heterogeneity in intergenerational transmission across population groups. Only a small share of this heterogeneity is explained
by the predictions of economic theory.
相似文献
Regina T. Riphahn (Corresponding author)Email: |
6.
This study examined the association among personality traits, life events and life satisfaction, and the underlying pathways
from personality traits to life satisfaction. A total of 1,961 adolescents were recruited from 21 secondary schools in Hong
Kong. The adolescent version of the Chinese Personality Assessment Inventory (CPAI-A), the Chinese Adolescent Life Events
Checklist (CALEC) and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were employed to assess their personality, life events and life
satisfaction, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed there was an additional value of the indigenously derived
scales of CPAI-A, including the Family Orientation, Harmony and Ren-Qing scales, in predicting life satisfaction beyond the
universal personality traits. Results also indicated that there was a partial mediation effect of negative life events on
personality traits in the prediction of life satisfaction. 相似文献
7.
Lindstrom DP 《Population studies》1998,52(3):255-274
This paper uses retrospective life history data to assess the impact of family planning services on contraceptive use in a rural Mexican township. Between 1960 and 1990 contraceptive use rose and fertility declined dramatically. Both contraceptive supply and demand factors were influential in these trends. The start of the government-sponsored family planning programme in the late 1970s was associated with a sharp rise in female sterilization and use of the IUD. However, once we controlled for the changing socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the sample, the presence of family planning services had no significant effect on the likelihood that women used modern reversible methods compared to traditional methods. Men and women expressed concerns about the safety of modern methods such as the pill and the IUD. Efforts to increase modern contraceptive use should place greater emphasis on communicating the safety of these methods and improving the quality of services. 相似文献
8.
This study applies count data estimation techniques to investigate the fertility adjustment of immigrants in the destination
country. Data on completed fertility are taken from the 1996 wave of the German Socioeconomic Panel (GSOEP). While the economic
literature stresses the role of prices and incomes as determinants of fertility, the demographic literature discusses whether
assimilation or disruption effects dominate immigrants' fertility after migration. We find evidence in favor of the assimilation
model according to which immigrant fertility converges to native levels over time. In addition, we confirm the negative impact
of female human capital on fertility outcomes.
Received: 7 January 1999/Accepted: 10 August 1999 相似文献
9.
Like immigrants, aboriginal populations' economic success may be enhanced by the acquisition of skills and traits appropriate
to the “majority” culture in which they reside. Using 1991 Canadian Census data, we show that Aboriginal labour market success
is greater for Aboriginals whose ancestors intermarried with non-Aboriginals, for those who live off Indian reserves, and
for those who live outside the Yukon and Northwest Territories. While these three “facts” could also be explained by a combination
of other processes, such as discrimination, physical remoteness, and selection, only the skill/trait acquisition, or “assimilation”
hypothesis is consistent with all three.
Received: 04 August 1998/Accepted: 12 October 2000 相似文献
10.
Rivera-batiz FL 《Journal of population economics》1999,12(1):91-116
This paper studies the differences in earnings between Mexican legal and illegal immigrants in the United States. The analysis
includes a cross-sectional examination of the wage differences between legal and undocumented workers as well as a longitudinal
analysis examining the impact of legalization on the earnings of previously-undocumented workers. It is shown that the average
hourly wage rate of male Mexican legal immigrants in the United States was 41.8% higher than that of undocumented workers
while female legal immigrants earned 40.8% more. Though illegal immigrants have lower education and English proficiency, and
a shorter period of residence in the United States, than legal immigrants, it is shown that differences in the observed characteristics
of legal and illegal immigrants explain only 48% of the log-wage gap between male legal and illegal workers and 43% of the
gap for women. An analysis of undocumented immigrants legalized after the 1986 U.S. immigration policy reform shows significant
wage growth in the four years following legalization. These gains are due mostly to the change in legal status itself, not
to changes in the characteristics of immigrants over time.
Received: 7 July 1997/Accepted: 16 March 1998 相似文献
11.
利用广州市2005年1%人口抽样调查数据,描述广州市不同身份人口的养老保险获得现状,并实证检验本地市民、本地农民、外来市民和农民工四群体在养老保险获得上存在的差异,并探求造成这种差异的原因。 相似文献
12.
This paper uses a household-level estimation strategy to develop new evidence on the state and local fiscal impacts of US immigration. The methodology is applied to 1980 census microdata for New Jersey, a state that now ranks fifth in the nation in the size of its foreign-born population. All New Jersey households combined in 1980 imposed a net fiscal burden on state government of more than US$2.1 billion, and a net burden on the aggregate of all local governments totaling nearly $ 690 million. Both native- and immigrant-headed households received government benefits worth more than they paid in taxes. The typical immigrant-headed household imposed an average fiscal burden of $ 350 on local governments throughout New Jersey, versus roughly $ 225 for each native-headed household. At the state level, however, net fiscal impacts of immigrants and natives were similar: an average annual deficit of $ 841 for immigrants compared with $ 846 for native households. There are larger disparities among the foreign-born population than between native-headed and immigrant-headed households. Latin American households have the most unfavorable fiscal implications of any immigrant subgroup. Taken together, our findings illustrate the overriding importance of household income and number of school-age children as determinants of taxes paid, benefits received and, ultimately, of net fiscal impacts. 相似文献
13.
14.
Li Liu 《Social indicators research》2006,75(2):217-240
This study explores the meaning of quality of life (QOL) in China from the perspective of social representations. The data
were collected by open-ended individual interviews with 16 ordinary Chinese people. The study shows that social thinking about
QOL in Chinese society is activated in five critical domains of life: health, family, work, social relations and the natural
environment. Meanwhile, “having” and “being”, the two antinomic, yet dialogical interdependent, interpretive repertoires,
have an overarching generative and normative power over the discourse about QOL. They permeate and underpin the different
domains of life. Dominated by an “economic logic”, the “having” repertoire constructs these life domains through a set of
economic consequences and posits them as resources leading to material possessions. While dominated by an “existential logic”,
the “being” repertoire confesses existential meanings to the same life domains, and emphasises the joy derived from them.
Thereby, it infers that QOL as a social representation is generated from, and organised around, a central thema of “having”
and “being”. 相似文献
15.
Kristin Anderson Moore Sharon Vandivere Laura Lippman Cameron McPhee Margot Bloch 《Social indicators research》2007,84(3):291-331
This paper uses recent data on U.S. children from the National Survey of America’s Families (NSAF) to create indices that
tally the number of problems or risks that individual children experience. We compare results with those from indices developed
elsewhere that assess the change across sets of population-level indicators. While the two types of indices show similar trends
over time, specific changes, as well as trends, depend on the specific domain of well-being or context examined, highlighting
the importance of the distinction between well-being and context. Children with problems in multiple domains tend to be socio-economically
and demographically disadvantaged compared with other children. We preface this work by providing an overview of the history
of child well-being indicators and distinguish indices of child well-being from indices of the condition of children.
相似文献
Laura LippmanEmail: |
16.
Karen A. Woodrow-Lafield 《Population research and policy review》1996,15(2):171-199
Special national surveys in the 1980s give the only recent data about emigrants from the USA, based on asking residents about their parents, siblings, and children living outside the USA who ever lived here. Each of the three surveys yielded an initial or minimal estimate of at least one million surviving emigrants. Adjusting for probable omission of emigrants without a resident immediate relative, the number of emigrants surviving as of 1990 is likely to exceed two million and, with alternative assumptions, could exceed three million. Due to inherent uncertainties in differing methodologies for measuring emigration for the past three decades, the implied level of emigration of permanent residents for the 1980s may be similar to previous levels. This finding contradicts popular belief of a simple direct association, i.e., that increasing immigration levels would be associated with increasing emigration levels. Emigration levels result from population heterogeneity on such characteristics as origin country, location and strength of familial ties, and reasons for coming to the USA, and associated probabilities of emigration. For many of the post-1965 immigrant cohorts, there is one or more decades during which emigration may yet occur.Abbreviations ALAs
Americans living abroad
- INS
US Immigration and Naturalization Service
- IRCA
Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986
- CPS
Current Population Survey
This article is partially based on a paper presented at the 1990 annual meeting of the Population Association of America in Toronto, Canada, while the author was a member of the Population Analysis Staff of the US Bureau of the Census. 相似文献
17.
We investigate whether there is excess morbidity among daughters of Indian or Chinese immigrants in the US by studying the prevalence of disability among children. We use data from the 2012–14 American Community Surveys on approximately 20,000 US-born children of Indian and Chinese immigrants. Children of US natives are used as a comparison group to account for innate differences in disability between the sexes. Results indicate that there is excess disability among daughters compared with sons among children of Chinese immigrants and children of immigrants from northern or western Indian states; this excess disability declines with younger age at arrival or longer exposure to the host country. Analysis using children of Filipino immigrants as an alternative comparison group yields similar excess disability rates for females. Supplementary material is available for this article at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2020.1762911 相似文献
18.
Over the past decades, due to a combination of declining fertility rates and rising life expectancies, most industrialized
countries have experienced aging populations and low numbers of young populations that may pose economic problems in the future.
This paper investigates the relationship first between fertility rate and infant mortality rate and second among demographic
changes, real wages and real output in Greece over the period 1960–96. When we control for fluctuations in overall economic
activity and the labor market on the bivariate relationship between fertility and mortality rates, the evidence suggests that
Granger-causation must exist in at least one direction. The results show that in the long run a decrease in infant mortality
rates, taking into consideration economic performance and the labor market, causes a reduction in fertility rates. Also, employing
the vector error-correction models, the variance decomposition analysis and the impulse response functions, the empirical
results support the endogeneity of fertility choice to infant mortality, the labor market and the growth process.
Received: 16 May 1999/Accepted: 18 September 2000 相似文献
19.
David P. Lindstrom 《Population studies》2013,67(3):255-274
This paper uses retrospective life history data to assess the impact of family planning services on contraceptive use in a rural Mexican township. Between 1960 and 1990 contraceptive use rose and fertility declined dramatically. Both contraceptive supply and demand factors were influential in these trends. The start of the government-sponsored family planning programme in the late 1970s was associated with a sharp rise in female sterilization and use of the IUD. However, once we controlled for the changing socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the sample, the presence of family planning services had no significant effect on the likelihood that women used modern reversible methods compared to traditional methods. Men and women expressed concerns about the safety of modern methods such as the pill and the IUD. Efforts to increase modern contraceptive use should place greater emphasis on communicating the safety of these methods and improving the quality of services. 相似文献
20.
Psacharopoulos G 《Journal of population economics》1997,10(4):377-386
The paper addresses the issue of child labor in relation to the educational attainment of working children. The empirical
analysis is based on household surveys in Bolivia and Venezuela. It was found that labor force participation is non-trivial
among those below the legal working age or supposed to be in school. Working children contribute significantly to total household
income. The fact that a child is working reduces his or her educational attainment by about 2 years of schooling relative
to the control group of non-working children. Grade repetition, a common phenomenon in Latin America, is closely associated
with child labor.
JEL classification: J13, J21, I21
Received May 2, 1996/Accepted August 14, 1996 相似文献