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1.
We empirically analyzed the labor market participation of Italian women, with special emphasis on the role of intergenerational
family links. Older relatives, on the one hand, discourage the work participation of women by requiring care; on the other
hand they may provide household services favoring labor supply. We studied this dual impact estimating a trivariate probit
model where the three choices to be in the labor force, to use informal help from older relatives and to care for them are
jointly determined. Our estimates show that care duties towards members of the previous generation hinder the labor market
participation of Italian women, and that informal help received from older relatives strongly increases their probability
of being engaged in paid work.
相似文献
Anna MarenziEmail: |
2.
While the relationships between health insurance and the labor supply of women have been explored in the literature, little
is known about the effects of offering public health insurance on the labor supply decisions of married women. This paper
examines how the enactment of the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) affected the labor supply decisions of
married women. Our empirical analysis showed that certain groups of married women reduced their number of hours worked upon
SCHIP implementation. The results imply it is possible that some wives decreased their labor supply in order to make their
children eligible for public health insurance.
相似文献
Ho Jin LeeEmail: |
3.
Plurality rule is mostly criticized from being capable of choosing an alternative considered as worst by a strict majority.
This paper considers elections in which the agenda consists of potential candidates strategically choosing whether or not
to enter the election. In this context, we examine the ability of scoring rules to fulfil the Condorcet criterion. We show
for the case of three potential candidates that Plurality rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies a version of the Condorcet
criterion in two cases: 1) when preferences are single-peaked and, 2) when preferences are single-dipped.
相似文献
Bernardo MorenoEmail: |
M. Socorro Puy (Corresponding author)Email: |
4.
This study makes two contributions to the study of family and economic issues. First, it investigates the effects of consumer-market
shortage on fertility. Second, it considers the effects on fertility of eliminating consumer-market shortage using a survey
of families from the Former Soviet Union. The estimated model of fertility showed that consumer goods shortage and fertility
were positively related. The elimination of consumer goods shortage would, therefore, be expected to lower aggregate number
of children in the transition (post-Soviet) economies.
相似文献
Nader AsgaryEmail: |
5.
Inmaculada García José Alberto Molina María Navarro 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(4):546-565
This paper first identifies the determinants of spouses’ satisfaction levels within the household with respect to their leisure
time and, secondly, characterizes whether their preferences have some degree of altruistic or egoistic character in regard
to this particular satisfaction. To that end, it formulates a theoretical framework from the collective family model whose
stochastic formulations are estimated for 14 EU countries. The general empirical results first reveal that the presence of
children has a significantly negative impact on the leisure satisfaction of both spouses. Then, increases in individual incomes
lead to lower own leisure satisfaction levels. Both husbands and wives show egoistic behavior with respect to the labor and
non-labor incomes (wage rate) of their respective spouses’ satisfaction levels.
相似文献
María NavarroEmail: |
6.
This paper analyses the sustainability of family bargaining agreements by developing a non-cooperative game between two spouses
with symmetric preferences. To that end, we develop, by using a general utility function, a repeated non-cooperative game
involving two players with symmetric preferences, where the characterization of a Nash sub-game perfect equilibrium allows
us to demonstrate that the spouse with the greater bargaining power has a greater incentive to reach an agreement. This result
is also reproduced by using a particular example of linear preferences in consumption. However, the influence of the bargaining
power on the sustainability of a bargaining solution depends on the specification of the individual preferences, as well as
the degree of altruism between the spouses.
相似文献
José Alberto Molina (Corresponding author)Email: |
7.
Married Women’s Labor Supply and Spousal Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: Results from Panel Data 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Jason E. Murasko 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2008,29(3):391-406
This paper investigates the effect of spousal insurance coverage on married women’s labor supply. This effect was hypothesized
to be negative, since married women have an incentive to seek employment in jobs that will provide insurance when their husbands
do not provide coverage. Panel data from the 1996–2004 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys was used to control for the potential
correlation between unobserved characteristics and spousal insurance. The findings suggest that spousal coverage does have
a negative effect on married women’s labor supply, and that most of the reduction in labor supply seems to derive from shifts
out of the labor force rather than between part-time and full-time work.
相似文献
Jason E. MuraskoEmail: |
8.
Hideo Akabayashi 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(4):349-378
The Japanese tax system offers an opportunity to investigate the labor supply response of married women to the income tax
and the intrahousehold resource allocation mechanism, since the deductible amount from the husband’s income decreases as the
wife’s earnings increase. Using cross-section data, I structurally estimate the labor supply of married women under the piece-wise
linear budget constraint created by the Japanese tax and social security system. I find that the wife’s labor supply response
to her husband’s decreasing deduction tends to be greater than the response to her own income tax. This suggests that not
only the unitary model is rejected but also that female labor is allocated inefficiently within a family. Finally, this study
shows that the choice of household model affects the predicted effect of policy reform and that the currently proposed reforms
will have less of an effect on the labor supply of married women than previous studies claim.
相似文献
Hideo AkabayashiEmail: |
9.
Did the legalization of abortion increase women’s household bargaining power? Evidence from labor supply 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Sonia Oreffice 《Review of Economics of the Household》2007,5(2):181-207
I estimate the impact of abortion legalization on spouses’ labor supplies to test whether legalization increased women’s household
bargaining power, in a collective household behavior framework. Based on CPS data, I find that wives’ labor supply decreased
and their husbands’ increased, which is consistent with the bargaining hypothesis. This contrasts with most studies of abortion
and birth control technologies, which predict a labor supply effect only for women, and of opposite sign. Also consistent
with the bargaining interpretation, I estimate no significant impact on anti-abortion religious couples or on those who regularly
used contraceptives. PSID data yield supportive evidence.
相似文献
Sonia OrefficeEmail: |
10.
Collective Models of Labor Supply with Nonconvex Budget Sets and Nonparticipation: A Calibration Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Frederic Vermeulen Olivier Bargain Miriam Beblo Denis Beninger Richard Blundell Raquel Carrasco Maria-Concetta Chiuri François Laisney Valérie Lechene Nicolas Moreau Michal Myck Javier Ruiz-Castillo 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(2):113-127
We suggest a methodology to calibrate a collective model with household-specific bargaining rules and marriage-specific preferences
that incorporate leisure externalities. The empirical identification relies on the assumption that some aspects of individual
preferences remain the same after marriage, so that estimation on single individuals can be used. The procedure maps the complete
Pareto frontier of each household in the dataset and we define alternative measures of a power index. The latter is then regressed
on relevant bargaining factors, including a set of variables retracing the potential relative contributions of the spouses
to household disposable income. In its capacity to handle complex budget sets and labor force participation decisions of both
spouses, this framework allows the comparison of unitary and collective predictions of labor supply reactions and welfare
changes entailed by fiscal reforms in a realistic setting (see Michal Myck et al., 2006; Denis Beninger et al., 2006).
相似文献
Frederic VermeulenEmail: |
11.
Bruce E. Kaufman 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(3):285-299
The most famous and influential diagram in modern (neoclassical) labor economics is the model of wage determination by supply
and demand. Using concepts and ideas from institutional economics, I argue that the theory of a perfectly competitive labor
market is logically contradictory and, hence, the demand/supply diagram cannot exist on the plane of pure theory. Four other
fundamental theorems concerning labor markets are also derived, as are implications about the theoretical foundation of the
field of industrial relations and the economic evaluation of labor and employment policy.
相似文献
Bruce E. KaufmanEmail: |
12.
Nasser Daneshvary C. Jeffrey Waddoups Bradley S. Wimmer 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(4):365-379
This paper provides insight into the wage gap between lesbians and heterosexual women. Using data from the 2000 Decennial
Census, we find a lesbian premium that equals approximately 10% for women without a bachelor’s degree, and is nearly non-existent
for women with higher levels of education. These findings are consistent with proposition that the gap between lesbians’ and
heterosexual women’s commitment to the labor market narrows at higher levels of education. We also find that controls for
industry and occupation exert only a small effect on the gap between lesbian and heterosexual women’s wages.
相似文献
Bradley S. WimmerEmail: |
13.
Parental religiosity and daughters’ fertility: the case of Catholics in southern Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Preferences, including preferences for children, are shaped during the formative years of childhood. It is therefore essential
to include exposure to religious practice during childhood in an attempt to establish a link between religiosity and fertility.
This path has not been explored in the documented literature that looks at the relationship between current religiosity and fertility. The International Social Survey Programme: Religion II (ISSP) provides the data base. It includes information
on maternal/paternal/own mass participation when the respondent was a child (nine levels each), as well as on his current
churchgoing (six levels) and prayer habits (eleven levels). These variables are included as explanatory variables in ‘fertility
equations’ that explain the number of children of Catholic women in Spain and Italy. The core findings are that exposure to
religiosity during the formative years of childhood, has a pronounced effect on women’s ‘taste for children’ that later on
translates into the number of her offspring. In Spain, the two parents have major opposite effects on women. Most striking
is the negative effect of the mother’s intensity of church attendance on her daughter’s fertility: Women who were raised by
an intensively practicing mother have on average one child less that their counterparts who were raised by a less religious
mother. On the other hand, an intensively practicing father encourages the daughter to have more children (by about 0.8, on
average). The Italian sample confirms the statistically significant negative effect of the mother’s religiosity. The father’s
religious conduct has apparently no effect on Italian women’s birth rates. Current religiosity seems to be irrelevant, both
in Spain and in Italy. It follows that religiosity and fertility are interrelated but the mechanism is probably different
from the simplistic causality that is suggested in the literature.
相似文献
Shoshana NeumanEmail: |
14.
Greg Piper Sylke V. Schnepf 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(2):103-124
The predominant part of the literature states that women are more likely to donate to charitable causes but men are more generous
in terms of the amount given. The last result generally derives from the focus on mean amount given. This article examines
gender differences in giving focusing on the distribution of amounts donated and the probability of giving using micro-data
on individual giving to charitable causes for Great Britain. Results indicate that women are generally more generous than
men also in terms of the amounts donated. Quantile regression analysis shows that this pattern is robust if we take into account
gender differences in individual characteristics such as household structure, education, and income. The article also investigates
differences in gender preferences for varying charitable causes. Results are presented separately for single and married people,
highlighting the very different gender patterns of giving behaviour found in the two groups.
相似文献
Sylke V. SchnepfEmail: |
15.
Sexual Orientation and Labor Market Discrimination 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
We develop empirical estimates of the return to sexual orientation in the labor market and utilize the 2004 Current Population
Survey to determine if lesbians and gay men are treated differently from their heterosexual counterparts. We find strong evidence
consistent with the hypothesis of discriminatory treatment against gay men, and this evidence differs substantially by occupation.
On the other hand, we find no evidence of discrimination against lesbians. These findings are consistent with priors based
on economic theory of the standard taste for discrimination and statistical discrimination models. The results for both men
and women are consistent across wage and total compensation regressions.
相似文献
Edinaldo TebaldiEmail: |
16.
John Logan 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(4):609-628
This article analyzes the critical obstacles in the path of labor law reform during the 1990s. It stresses the importance
of the lukewarm support of the Clinton Administration for labor law reform, organized labor’s failure to frame the debate
on labor law reform to its advantage and its inability to convince key Senators to support its reform agenda, and, especially,
the determined opposition to reform of employer groups and their allies in Congress. The article concludes with a brief discussion
of the lessons of the legislative defeats of the 1990s for the AFL-CIO’s current campaign to revise the National Labor Relations
Act.
相似文献
John LoganEmail: |
17.
Several studies find a negative correlation between the ratio of males to females and measures of female labor supply in the
US. This negative correlation has been interpreted as empirical support for the hypothesis that marriage market conditions
influence intra-household allocation decisions. Given the similarity of cultures and of labor supply behavior of women in
Canada and the United States, and the fact that they both experienced baby-booms at roughly the same time, any explanation
for changes in female labor supply would be expected to hold for both countries. We test the prediction that marriage market
conditions have explanatory power for Canadian female labor force participation (LFP) rates over the period 1971–2001. We
find smaller marriage market effects for Canada than those found for the US but similar in magnitude to those found for the
US Midwest.
相似文献
Ana Ferrer (Corresponding author)Email: |
18.
Evidence suggests a large portion of the gender wage gap is explained by gender occupational segregation. A common hypothesis
is that gender differences in preferences or abilities explain this segregation; women may prefer jobs that provide more “family-friendly”
fringe benefits. Much of the research provides no direct evidence on gender differences in access to fringe benefits, nor
how provision affects wages. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we find that women are more likely
to receive family-friendly benefits, but not other types of fringe benefits. We find no evidence that the differences in fringe
benefits explain the gender wage gap.
相似文献
Paul Sicilian (Corresponding author)Email: |
19.
This study seeks, using state-level data, to identify key factors that help to explain recent trends of labor force participation
among women. Adult females are treated as attempting to maximize utility subject to a variety of budgetary and non-budgetary
constraints. Among the findings obtained is a positive impact from the level of public assistance, i.e., the greater the extent
of public assistance to adult females in the forms of Supplemental Security Income, Food Stamps, and so forth, the higher
the female labor force participation rate (FLFPR). Other factors contributing to observed FLFPRs include age, the presence
of young children, family income, educational attainment and disability status. In addition, we also find evidence that an
increase in the proportion of the population that is non-native to the U.S. has a negative effect on the FLFPR.
相似文献
Richard J. CebulaEmail: |
20.
Daniel Sieber 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2008,36(4):333-340
Absent fathers are often excluded from the treatment of their children for various reasons. They are often marginalized by
mothers, and unintentionally excluded by clinicians. Absent fathers are also excluded from treatment in fear that their presence
might undermine the competencies of single mothers, which social service agencies serve to empower. This article will discuss
the potential benefits of including absent fathers in family therapy, and how to work with them once engaged in treatment.
相似文献
Daniel SieberEmail: |