Women in Authority

No abstract available for this article.     

Women Really Care

Pressures to contain or reduce public expenditure are giving rise to policies geared to reduce the demand for direct state services. These involve alternative programs featuring the transfer of responsibilities, but not necessarily control, to more local, private, and family bases. Such trends depend upon the availability of the apparently cheap labour of women. Community care generally means care by females, but this fact is usually unacknowledged and the costs of the emerging programs tend to be reckoned only as those accruing to the state. Here we focus on two policy areas in which community and family have been emphasised, family day care and deinstitutionalisation in child welfare.^*     

Harassment and Russian Women

Research on Russian women shows that definitions of sexual harassment are different from those in the United States, and that when it occurs there is a preference for dealing with it informally rather than through institutional channels.     

Women Are Being Beaten

Not only are they beaten, but they are killed, mutilated, and maimed, and not by highway bandits, nor by sex maniacs in dark entryways—but by husbands. According to Ministry of Internal Affairs (MVD) family statistics, 14,500 women were killed by their husbands last year, and 54,500 were seriously injured and incapacitated. In mentioning these not insignificant figures, one must bear in mind that domestic battles that do not result in criminal proceedings are not included in police statistics; these remain a private affair, within the family. And this is why women who run to the local police station crying "Help, he's killing me!" usually get a flippant brush-off: "So? If he kills you, then come to see us."     

打高尔夫的粉装丽人

女子打高尔夫的姿态是很美的,短裙高袜,束腰长发,挥竿伸臂的瞬间,展示了最活泼和最激情的霎那。但去过的几家高尔夫球场,见到打球的人多是男性,颇有些想不通。     

Women and Government Budgets

In recognition of the significant, but often unknown, impact of government budgets on the role and status of women, both Federal and State Labor government administrations have introduced ‘women's budget’ statements. It is important to recognise that the political motivation of governments in establishing women's budgets has been primarily political self interest. To some extent, however, the move also reflects the growing economic focus, and power, of the women's movement. This paper examines the content and limitations of women's budget programs.     

Married Women in Jobs

This article examines the association of personal and family factors with double job holding by married women in Great Britain in 1974. The author first considers reasons for double job holding and then examines data on the subject from the General Household Survey. The literature on the incidence and causes of second-job holding in Great Britain is extremely small.1 To the best of the present author's knowledge there have been no studies in any country which attempt to explain the decision to hold two jobs in terms of family behaviour. Most studies are interested in asking people general questions about why they have two jobs rather than investigating contingent factors which may be responsible for the decision to hold a second job. The present paper attempts to discover why married women have two jobs using data from the 1974 General Household Survey. The topic is one of importance as the advent of two-job wives may have a variety of implications for family role structure and public policy.     

评析单身女子经济

单身作为一种社会现象,正日益引起社会的广泛关注。作为与结婚经济相对应的一个新概念——单身女子经济,最近受到了社 会学界和经济学界人士的青睐。笔者认为,它受到如此注目,不仅仅因为这是一个市场细分的经济问题,更主要的是因为它和一个敏感而且时尚的社会问题——女子单身扯上了关系。 “单身女子经济”一词最早出现在权威性的世界经     

Women,Therapy and Dependency

A microsociological longitudinal study of 120 middle class Melbourne women who were having psychotherapy or counselling was conducted over a five year period. The relative effectiveness of four dominant kinds of psychotherapy was assessed, together with outcomes for types of individuals. The therapies were medical chemotherapy (with psychotherapeutic drugs prescribed by general practitioners), social casework counselling, human relations training and church pastoral counselling. Personal accounts of the women revealed their main concerns were to change their personal identities, and the economic, psychological and emotional aspects of dependency on significant others. After five years, only a small proportion of the total showed positive changes as represented by movement towards independence and autonomy. More than twice as many experienced a serious deterioration of circumstances and increased dependency on others, on therapists and drugs. None of the psychotherapies had much positive outcome. However the clients who felt most helped by the therapies became professional therapists themselves — a finding which suggests the perpetuation of ineffectual systems.     

Group Therapy With Homeless Women

Women's groups are a treatment of choice for homeless women who have been abused, used substances, have mental health concerns, and have suffered traumatic events that have ruptured their attachments. Women in dialogue can learn to see themselves reflected, find each other's strengths, and make advances in empathy, which can alter relational abilities. Their experiences of sharing similar traumatic events in a safe and containing environment can increase a sense of belonging. Psychoeducation and advocacy can further foster knowledge and self-empowerment. Leadership issues are important as the leader must create safety and serve as a model, but may also be used as a object of displacement for disavowed negative feelings among group members.     

Married Working Women in Retirement

This artile discusses the retirement adjustment of married working women by reviewing the literature which focuses on two factors: the saliency of work and role flexibilily. The special attitudes and feelings of this group of women, together with their increasing numbers in the labor force, warrant consideration by social workers who are involved in program planning for retirees.     

诗人一休和两位女性

诗人一休在日本文学史上占一席重要地位,他深得中国南宗禅林孤高宗风神髓,以桀骜不驯的气概抨击世俗宗法。他以汉诗抒发真性情,怪诞神奇,自由奔放,要在邪恶横行的世间荡起一股清正狂飙。其气度是对当时庸俗化的临济宗的反抗与讽刺。而母亲和情人森女对一休的人生成长,作用巨大。