企业IT系统应用决策的博弈分析及实证研究

现有文献很少基于企业间的博弈来研究企业IT系统应用决策问题。本文首先构建博弈论模型证明了企业IT采用层次、实施投入水平分别为决策变量的情况下,两阶段博弈纯纳什均衡的存在性和唯一性,进而求出IT采用层次和预算同时决策变量条件下,n个企业三阶段博弈纯纳什均衡解,分析了纳什均衡状态时,企业初始因素、IT系统采用层次、实施投入水平及IT应用绩效之间的相互关系,同时以重庆市相关企业为样本的两阶段问卷数据,对理论分析的结果进行实证研究,结果表明:采用动因和实施投入水平显著正相关,实施投入水平与IT应用绩效显著正相关,采用层次与实施投入水平负相关,采用动因与应用绩效显著负相关。     

新产品开发过程中的外部参与对企业绩效的影响

基于资源依赖理论、社会资本理论、创新搜索理论和信息处理理论,探讨新产品开发过程中的供应商参与和客户参与对企业绩效不同维度(运作绩效和财务绩效)的影响作用以及IT能力的调节效应.利用176家中国制造企业的调研数据,采用多元线性回归和调节效应的检验方法对研究假设进行实证检验.研究结果表明,供应商参与对企业财务绩效有显著的正向影响,对企业运作绩效的影响不显著;客户参与对企业运作绩效和财务绩效的提升都有显著的推动作用;IT能力正向调节供应商参与与企业财务绩效之间的关系.     

商业银行IT外包绩效影响因素及作用机制研究

针对商业银行在实施信息技术(IT)外包过程中的实践情况,分析了可能对IT外包绩效产生影响的相关因素,并在现有研究的基础上构建了IT外包绩效影响因素的作用机制模型,提出了模型假设,并运用大样本数据进行了统计实证研究和验证。     

国际化动机、国际化能力与国际化绩效的关系——基于中小企业的实证研究

本文以广东省220家中小企业资料为样本,采用结构方程模型对理论假设进行检验,得出如下结论 :第一,在中小企业国际化过程中,国际化动机对国际化绩效有显著的正向作用;第二,国际化能力对国际化绩效有显著的正向作用;第三,国际化能力在国际化动机与国际化绩效的关系中起完全中介作用。     

IT应用对企业绩效的影响:直接作用还是间接作用?

通过对127家企业进行问卷调查分析,发现企业流程管理能力与供应商的质量管理水平对企业绩效存在显著影响,企业IT应用水平虽然对企业绩效有显著影响,在引入企业内外部两个解释变量后,IT应用水平对企业绩效的影响被完全中介,其研究结论检验了企业IT应用并不能直接为企业带来价值创造,它是通过企业其它管理要素进行传递,因此企业IT应用只有与企业内外部管理要素的结合,才有可能优化业务流程并改善对供应商的管理,推动企业绩效的提升。过分宣传IT应用水平对企业绩效的直接影响,会导致企业在IT投资上产生误区,造成企业盲目依靠IT投入来提升IT应用水平,从而可能导致IT悖论的再现。论文所获结论对企业如何选择合理的IT投资和IT应用有积极的现实指导意义。     

软件外包项目复杂性下的交互记忆系统与知识转移

针对软件外包项目团队中如何有效知识转移问题,构建交互记忆系统、项目复杂性和知识转移绩效之间关系的概念模型,基于25家软件外包承接企业中107个软件外包团队的问卷调查数据,运用偏最小二乘法对数据进行分析。研究结果表明,专长度和可信度对团队知识转移绩效和协调度有显著的正向影响,软件外包项目结构复杂性对专长度与知识转移绩效的关系有显著的正向调节作用,软件外包项目动态复杂性对专长度与知识转移绩效的关系有显著的负向调节作用。研究结果揭示了项目复杂性条件下交互记忆系统与知识转移绩效之间的作用机理,推进了软件外包知识转移理论发展,并为软件外包团队有效地进行知识转移提供管理启示。     

试谈IT项目人员绩效提升策略

随着计算机技术和网络技术的进步,IT产业诞生并迅速发展。IT产业提供的产品主要是"服务",因此需要投入更多的人力资源和智力资本,劳动成果将直接取决于人的智力和创造力。在IT项目实施过程中,人力资源成为项目组织中最重要的资源,人力资源管理尤为重要。通过分析IT项目人员的特点以及影响其绩效提升的各种因素,研究如何有效的提升IT项目人员的绩效水平,具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

战略实施与企业绩效:项目管理机制的中介效应

项目管理理论认为,战略可以通过项目管理机制得以实施,但多数文献对项目管理机制在业务战略和企业绩效之间的作用机理缺乏系统的研究.本研究把"项目管理办公室"、"项目群管理"、"阶段门审查"等项目管理机制作为中介变量.引入到业务战略对企业绩效的影响过程中.研究发现,三种项目管理机制都对低成本战略一企业绩效有显著的中介效应,项目管理办公室对差异化战略一企业绩效有显著的中介效应,从而证实了项目管理机制在不同程度上可以作为战略实施的有效方式.     

边界跨越对IT外包绩效影响的实证分析

 IT外包组织边界跨越活动的作用日益凸显,而与之相对的是相应研究却不多。在先前的研究中我们发现这一现象确实存在于中国IT外包企业中,因此,本研究通过特别的研究设计,对边界跨越做进一步实证分析。2010年在西安、北京、上海三地的20家IT外包企业进行问卷调查,对回收到的292份有效问卷运用SPSS17.0和AMOS17.0进行统计分析。本研究证实:边界跨越具有很大的灵活性,可以直接或间接影响IT外包绩效;知识共享具有很强的中介作用,边界跨越及与之相关的技术创新和关系规范都通过知识共享的中介作用影响IT外包绩效;边界跨越、关系规范和知识共享对IT外包绩效影响力较强,而技术创新的影响较弱。     

辱虐管理对工作绩效的影响及自我效能感的中介作用

以资源保存理论和社会交换理论为视角,探讨中国情境下辱虐管理对工作绩效的影响机制。运用层次分析法,对来自中南地区企业员工的241份问卷调查数据进行分析。研究结果表明,辱虐管理对任务绩效和周边绩效都有显著负向影响、自我效能感在辱虐管理对任务绩效的影响中起部分中介作用、在辱虐管理对周边绩效的影响中起完全中介作用。     

应用视角的IT与业务融合规律研究

企业层面的工业化与信息化融合主要体现为IT与业务的融合。本文以185家企业的实地调查为基础,从企业IT应用视角探讨IT与业务的融合规律。结果表明,企业IT与业务融合一方面呈现出从基础层面转向业务层面,再转向战略层面的融合路径;另一方面呈现出从不平衡到逐步平衡的收敛趋势。同时,本文通过对企业在不同IT应用等级中面临的主要障碍和应用重点的变化趋势分析,进一步深化IT与业务融合规律的研究。最后,基于研究结果对企业IT与业务融合提出相应的管理建议。     

企业中基层管理人员IT应用能力建模

通过对300多位IT应用企业的中基层管理人员的问卷调研,使用验证性因子分析方法,首次建立了中基层管理人员的IT应用能力模型。采用分层回归分析方法,以高层领导的支持为控制变量,分析中基层管理人员的IT应用能力与IT应用水平之间的关系,进一步检验了中基层管理人员IT应用能力模型的有效性。研究结果表明,在考虑高层领导的支持情况下,中基层管理人员的IT应用能力对部门IT应用水平具有显著影响。其中,知识的影响力最强,其次是潜质,再次是态度。这说明在企业IT应用实践中,需要特别注重对现职中基层管理人员进行IT应用知识方面的在职培训;同时,对中基层管理人员的招聘,需要关注其知识和潜质,由于潜质较难改变,在招聘中需要特别加以重视。     

The Effect of Board of Directors’ IT Awareness on CIO Compensation and Firm Performance

Chief information officers (CIOs) play increasingly strategic roles in firms in this competitive global economy, which is now largely powered by information technology (IT). However, research has shown a lack of board of directors’ oversight on CIO‐ and IT‐related issues. Drawing on agency, resource dependence, and alignment theories, we investigate the effect of board of directors’ IT awareness on CIO compensation structure and firm performance. We conduct cross‐sectional time series analyses of data collected from various sources. Our study underlines three important findings. First, we show that some commonly known executive compensation determinants, such as individual characteristics and governance structure, do not have significant effects on CIO compensation structure. Second, with regard to CIO compensation structure, firms respond to increasing information asymmetry differently according to the level of IT awareness of their boards. Finally, firms perform better when their boards have higher levels of IT awareness, and this positive effect of IT awareness is considerably larger in IT intensive industries. Overall, our study provides empirical support for the important role of boards’ IT awareness in shaping CIO compensation and improving firm performance. Our results suggest that boards with functional area knowledge—or higher IT awareness in this case—can more effectively monitor and better incentivize executives, and consequently lead to better firm performance.     

Environmental Factors,Managerial Processes,and Information Technology Investment Strategies

Although significant research attention has been directed at understanding the value of information technology (IT) investments for firms, very little attention has been paid to understand the IT investment behavior of firms. This article seeks to fill this void. We introduce the concept of IT investment strategy, defined by dimensions of intensity and proactiveness, to characterize the IT investment behavior of firms. Synthesizing the environmental deterministic and strategic choice perspectives of a firm's strategic decision making, we examine the effects of environmental factors, managerial processes, and the interplay between them on IT investment strategy. Specifically, we examine the impact of environmental factors such as industry clockspeed and information intensity on IT investment strategy. We also incorporate the strategic choice perspective to argue that managerial processes such as frequent chief executive officer—chief information officer communications and collective information systems planning play a critical role in shaping the firm's IT investment strategy. The empirical results show that the environmental variables are related to IT investment strategy. Besides, managerial processes serve as a means to understand the environment and thus moderate the relationships between the environmental variables and the various facets of IT investment strategy. The conceptualization of IT investment strategy and the focus on both environmental determinism and strategic choice should enrich our understanding of firms’ IT investing behavior.     

基于资源观的企业IT能力与企业绩效研究

在企业广泛应用信息技术提高竞争能力之际,信息化如何给企业带来效益一直是国内外研究的热点问题.在回顾相关文献的基础上,利用基于资源观的概念框架分析企业IT资源,建立企业IT能力模型;采用配对样本比较和统计检验方法,对企业IT能力与企业绩效之间的关系进行实证分析.研究结果表明,具有卓越IT能力的企业会表现出更好的绩效,这些企业具有显著较高的营业净利率、总资产收益率、净资产收益率和人均净利润.企业不仅需要进行IT投资,更重要的是把IT投资内化为整个企业的IT能力,只有这样IT才会更好地给企业带来效益,这有助于指导中国企业信息化工程的建设和论证.     

信息技术、核心能力和企业绩效的实证研究

信息技术增强企业竞争力的机理是有效提升企业信息技术应用水平的重要前提。基于核心能力理论构建信息技术资源和信息技术应用能力通过企业核心能力这一中介变量影响企业绩效的理论模型,并考虑环境动态性在信息技术增强企业竞争力过程中的调节效应,应用偏最小二乘法的结构方程模型,对中国296家企业的问卷调查数据进行分析。研究结果表明,在不考虑环境动态性的情况下,无论是信息技术资源还是信息技术应用能力都无法直接影响企业绩效,信息技术必须通过支持企业核心能力间接影响企业绩效;环境动态性在信息技术增强企业竞争力过程中有显著的调节作用,不同环境下信息技术影响企业绩效的机理是不同的,在稳定环境下企业信息技术应用的重点是获取支持核心能力的信息技术资源,在动态环境下企业更应该构建信息技术应用能力,才能实现对不断变化的核心能力的持续支持,进而提升企业绩效。     

Information Technology and Process Performance: An Empirical Investigation of the Interaction Between IT and Non‐IT Resources*

Drawing on the resource‐based view, we propose a configurational perspective of how information technology (IT) assets and capabilities affect firm performance. Our premise is that IT assets and IT managerial capabilities are components in organizational design, and as such, their impact can only be understood by taking into consideration the interactions between those IT assets and capabilities and other non‐IT components. We develop and test a model that assesses the impact of explicit and tacit IT resources by examining their interactions with two non‐IT resources (open communication and business work practices). Our analysis of data collected from a sample of firms in the third‐party logistics industry supports the proposed configurational perspective, showing that IT resources can either enhance (complement) or suppress (by substituting for) the effects of non‐IT resources on process performance. More specifically, we find evidence of complementarities between shared business–IT knowledge and business work practice and between the scope of IT applications and an open communication culture in affecting the performance of the customer‐service process; but there is evidence of substitutability between shared knowledge and open communications. For decision making, our results reinforce the need to account for all dimensions of possible interaction between IT and non‐IT resources when evaluating IT investments.     

A Field Study of RFID Deployment and Return Expectations

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology promises to transform supply chain management. Building on previous research in information systems and supply chain management, this paper proposes a theoretical framework for RFID adoption and benefits, and tests the framework using data on u. s. firms. Our analysis suggests that there is a positive association between information technology (IT) application deployment and RFID adoption. We find that RFID implementation spending and partner mandate are associated with an expectation of early return on RFID investment, and a perceived lack of industry‐wide standards is associated with an expectation of delayed return on RFID investment. These results suggest that firms with broad IT application deployment and a critical mass of RFID implementation spending are more likely to report early returns from RFID deployments. This paper extends previous research to understand the relationship between organization characteristics and adoption and expected benefits of the emerging RFID technology.     

Systems Collaboration and Strategic Collaboration: Their Impacts on Supply Chain Responsiveness and Market Performance*

Recognizing the importance of interfirm collaboration and recent advancement of information technology (IT) to enhance joint decision making between firms, this study conceptualizes systems collaboration and strategic collaboration as two essential types of interfirm collaboration. The study then simultaneously examines the multiple roles of systems collaboration and strategic collaboration, and how they directly and indirectly influence a firm's supply chain responsiveness and market performance. Hypotheses are tested on survey data collected from 184 firms. Results suggest that the sequential relationships among IT competency, interfirm collaboration, and supply chain responsiveness have significant market performance implications.