基于网络计划技术的ERP实施进度控制研究

ERP是21世纪敏捷制造模式下企业运作的基础,ERP项目实施进度管理是企业信息化难点。本文以项目管理方法为基础,从ERP实施进度偏差识别和分析入手,运用双代号网络计划技术优化ERP实施项目关键路线,为ERP项目实施提供一种直观、动态的项目进度控制和预测管理辅助方法,并结合实例说明方法的有效性。     

我国中小企业实施ERP的问题及解决方法

中国加入WTO之后,企业的竞争环境发生了根本的变化,全球化、信息化、过剩的经济时代的到来,要求企业必须建立高效、动态的快速反应系统,信息化是企业的必然选择,也是提升企业竞争力的利器和手段.近年来,ERP市场如火如荼,许多企业已购买并使用ERP产品,但企业实施ERP难点多、矛盾多、不可控因素多,实施ERP并获得成功的企业甚少.本文针对当前我国中小企业实施ERP中存在问题进行了深入分析,存在的问题主要有企业的高层对实施ERP的目标不明确;错误地把上马ERP当作万能工具;企业基础管理薄弱,普遍存在无法可依、有法不依的现象;缺乏相应的ERP实施人才.并针对这些问题提出了相应解决办法,实施企业必须明确ERP项目实施的目标并制定实施项目的总目标、分目标与分阶段目标;考察和选择ERP厂商;必须有一批精通ERP管理思想、掌握软件技术,同时又有在中国环境下组织实施ERP项目经验的实施顾问队伍;重视培训,并贯穿始终;ERP实施阶段需要领导强有力推进和各方协调.     

浅谈企业应如何成功实施ERP系统

ERP系统是将先进的管理思想用信息化的平台表现出来,它在企业的实施过程不仅仅是信息化改造过程、更重要的是企业管理思想变革的过程.ERP实施困难、成功率低一直是阻碍ERP顺利推广应用的瓶颈,本文在归纳部分学者提出的ERP实施的关键成功因素的基础之上,通过分析我国企业实施ERP存在的问题,最后总结了企业ER实施的关键成功因素,对我国企业实施ERP有一定战略指导意义.     

ERP自适应性学习系统的研究

ERP系统已成为企业信息化工作的平台,但企业ERP的实施周期较长,短则1年,长则3￣5年,培训的工作量大,需要解决的问题多。本文探讨了建立用户自适应性学习、培训、释疑的ERP软件系统的功能、特点和技术方法。     

集团ERP项目成功上线的必要条件

随着信息时代科技信息技术的不断发展,我国企业的现代化和信息化发展不断加速,,我国的企业开始应用ERP项目于企业的管理中.然而ERP项目是庞大而复杂的系统,体现了先进的企业管理思想.ERP项目实施存在着一定的风险,因此,如何做好ERP项目实施前的前期工作,满足ER.P项目实施的必要条件,已经成为重要的课题.     

论培训在ERP项目实施中的重要性

应用ERP系统是帮助企业改变管理模式、提升管理水平的有效途径,而为企业要保证ERP项目的有效实施,必须充分重视培训管理。本文详细分析了ERP项目中培训管理的意义和培训管理中应特别注意的重点问题。     

伟星股份ERP实施的关键成功因素分析

在中国企业进行转型升级的大背景下,通过实施ERP实现企业管理信息化无疑是实现企业转型升级的一种有效手段,而有效提高ERP实施的成功率是行业普遍关注的一个问题。本文通过案例分析的方法,并结合伟星股份的ERP项目,对其ERP实施过程中的关键成功因素进行分析,为劳动密集型制造业企业提供ERP实施参考。     

ERP项目实施策略模型

根据ERP项目实施所具有多阶段、多目标、多因素的特征,在ERP系统供需信息是完全完美的前提下,本文建立两阶段的ERP项目实施策略的动态规划模型.这一基本模型和方法拓展了ERP项目实施策略的研究广度和深度,从而为人们研究更为复杂的ERP项目实施的问题提供了新的方法.     

企业信息化项目实施进度管理研究

随着我国企业资源计划（ERP）管理的全面推广和应用，如何确保实施有效的进度管理是ERP项目重要的一环，也可以说是最艰难的工作之一。本文首先指出实施企业信息化项目过程中存在的问题，其次提出对项目进度实施路标化管理的理念，包括指出路标化管理的概念和路标式ERP实施模式的步骤；最后通过海尔集团海外ERP项目实施路标式进度管理的成功案例，揭示出只要对路标实施有效的监督和控制，对企业信息化项目采用路标式进度管理的模式是可行且有效的。     

ERP实施对财务人员的影响和对策

信息化战略是当今大中型企业积极推行的发展战略之一。随着科学技术的不断发展,我国信息化的程度也在不断地深入,各个行业和领域都引入了信息化技术。信息化技术的广泛运用,让各个行业更加便捷快速的获取信息、并迅速传递和共享信息,提炼、综合分析信息并迅速制定企业的经营战略,以适应市场变化,提高企业的经济效益。信息化的核心体现在ERP系统的引进及实施上,ERP某种程度上是企业信息化的代名词,更深层次来讲也是企业业务流程及企业文化的再造。本文认为ERP不仅仅是一种工具,更是一种思想。各个岗位员工、尤其是财务人员理解ERP的系统整合及各个模块之间的联系比如何操作更重要,财务人员需要改变观念、改变工作重点、改变学习方向来适应由于实施ERP为企业带来的各种变化、适应企业的发展。本文通过ERP的初始实施及进一步的优化过程,从财务人员的角度出发,总结出ERP系统实施对财务人员的挑战及应用对策,从核算观念、组织分工、工作内容、人员素质四个方面发掘财务人员应对信息化背景下应发生的改变,指出财务人员今后的学习方向及工作重点,以改变财务人员的传统工作理念和工作习惯,应对以ERP为代表的信息化带来的挑战。     

A dynamic ERP critical failure factors modelling with FCM throughout project lifecycle phases

Implementation of enterprise resource planning systems (ERPs) is a complex and costly task which usually results in serious failures. Numerous factors affect these projects implementation due to their size, complexity and high chance of failure. Therefore, identifying these factors in ERP projects is a critical issue. The majority of previous publications have been conducted in identifying ERP critical success factors (CSFs) rather than critical failure factors (CFFs). In order to help practitioners, this article studies the CFFs in ERP implementation projects. The implications of interdependency among failure factors are also usually overlooked by project managers due to perceived complexity in modelling and analysing influential factors. With this in mind, we have proposed a fuzzy cognitive map (FCM)-based dynamic model of ERP failure factors through project lifecycle phases. The main advantage of FCM lies in them being capable of modelling complex phenomena based on the experts’ perceptions. This tool models uncertainty and related events, imitating human reasoning. Moreover, FCMs enable the developing of forecasting exercises through simulations. Practitioners would thus assess the joint influence of ERP implementation failure factors on project outcomes. The results make known to practitioners which problems will arise if the failure factors are not treated, and how these will impact on the outcomes of projects. Therefore, the proposed approach would help them to manage ERP implementation projects in a more effective and proactive way.     

An exploratory study of ERP implementation in Saudi Arabia

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) is being implemented by many organisations as a potential solution to their businesses. In spite of its appeal, ERP has challenges and difficulties in its realisation, especially in developing countries. In this article, existing trends and success factors for ERP implementation in Saudi Arabia is investigated. The results of this study apply, to a large extent, to other developing countries in the Middle East and other oil producing countries. The study captures the best implementation practices, difficulties encountered, critical success factors and benefits realised. Most organisations suffer serious time and/or cost overruns in ERP implementation. Management commitment and the existence of a clear strategic objective were found to be critical for the success of the ERP implementation. Change management programmes and extensive training were found to be essential for smooth implementation process.     

跨地域ERP项目管理控制的应用研究

ERP项目的实施很难,而负责一个跨地域的ERP项目就更难。这需要项目经理具有项目管理经验的同时,还应该采用一些先进的项目管理工具以及高效的项目沟通手段解决跨地域带来的项目沟通问题。本文介绍了Project 2003以及远程控制软件Radmin在项目管理上的应用实例,对同类项目的管理控制有一定的启发和帮助。     

Knowledge retention in ERP implementations: the context of UK SMEs

Abstract

Knowledge retention (k-retention) is vital for various enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), though it is a highly demanding and challenging task. The aim of this paper is to investigate different types of approaches to k-retention and factors influencing k-retention in SMEs. Our study adopts a grounded theory approach with cases based on 12 ERP implementations in UK SMEs. We analyze our data using thematic analysis. The findings reveal specific elements that support the k-retention of ERP package knowledge and business process knowledge. These elements are: k-retention tools, documentation, human capital and the understanding of k-retention challenges. In addition to insights from these aspects, our study reveals two additional factors (project management and organizational culture) that influence ERP package k-retention and business process k-retention. Based on these findings, we develop an ERP k-retention (EKR) framework that can be utilized by SMEs which are considering implementing ERP systems, to facilitate knowledge retention during implementation.     

渐进式ERP实施战略的选择动机及影响机制:探索性案例研究

近年来,由于企业对ERP系统的投资越来越大,而且ERP对于企业的重要性也越来越被人们所认识到,与ERP有关的课题成为学术界的研究热点。许多研究表明,ERP的实施战略对于ERP实施的最终成败有着显著的影响。然而,已有文献却未曾对ERP实施战略开展过深入研究。本文通过案例研究方法,对"渐进式"这一非常重要的ERP实施战略进行了详细的分析。通过对案例公司的几位高层管理者的深入访谈,本文发现,在企业实施ERP系统的各个阶段,采用渐进式实施战略的动机包括经济压力、消化压力、技术准备、规避失败。此外,本文还归纳了当采用渐进式ERP实施战略时,会促进企业获得ERP实施成功的三个必要条件,分别是与ERP供应商的长期合作伙伴关系、有能力的并且持续的IT推动者、稳定的内部实施团队。基于这些研究发现,本文提出了一系列研究命题及一个关于渐进式ERP实施战略的理论模型。文章的最后还对本研究的理论和实践方面贡献进行了讨论。     

Reference model for implementing an MRP system in a highly diverse component and seasonal lean production environment

Companies are currently choosing to integrate logics and systems to achieve better solutions. These combinations also include companies striving to join the logic of material requirement planning (MRP) system with the systems of lean production. The purpose of this article was to design an MRP as part of the implementation of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) in a company that produces agricultural implements, which has used the lean production system since 1998. This proposal is based on the innovation theory, theory networks, lean production systems, ERP systems and the hybrid production systems, which use both components and MRP systems, as concepts of lean production systems. The analytical approach of innovation networks enables verification of the links and relationships among the companies and departments of the same corporation. The analysis begins with the MRP implementation project carried out in a Brazilian metallurgical company and follows through the operationalisation of the MRP project, until its production stabilisation. The main point is that the MRP system should help the company's operations with regard to its effective agility to respond in time to demand fluctuations, facilitating the creation process and controlling the branch offices in other countries that use components produced in the matrix, hence ensuring more accurate estimates of stockpiles. Consequently, it presents the enterprise knowledge development organisational modelling methodology in order to represent further models (goals, actors and resources, business rules, business process and concepts) that should be included in this MRP implementation process for the new configuration of the production system.     

Reference model for implementing ERP systems: an analytical innovation networks perspective

The process for implementing ERP systems is related with the identification of a large range of variables (organisational goals, business rules, business processes, actors, resources and specifics and unique concepts to support these variables). The main agents related to the implementation are the solution supplier, the customer company and the consulting service. If the implementation process is addressed as an organisational innovation, the question is: How to coordinate the ERP implementation resources from an innovation agents network? In order to answer this question, a reference model is proposed for the formation and management of an innovation agent’s network for ERP implementation. The research method is based on a multi-case study for identifying the requirements and to elaborate the reference model applying a modelling method the Enterprise Knowledge Development (EKD). As results, the reference model in an analytical perspective of innovation networks and their drivers, enables to identify, understand and support the process of implementing ERP systems under the EKD models they are: goals; business rules; business processes; actors and resources; concepts; technical components and requirements.     

ERP项目管理与工程监理的实证分析

IT项目中也有其独特的复杂性,它是企业管理和计算机软件相结合的综合体。本文结合具体ERP项目的实施,一方面分析了目前ERP项目实施中项目管理存在的问题,另一方面分析了ERP工程监理的形式和策略,给出了ERP项目管理和工程监理的SWOT分析矩阵,并通过实证分析了项目管理与监理的动力模型。     

上市公司ERP实施前后绩效变化的实证研究——来自沪市1993-2003年的经验数据

以1993—2003年间实施ERP的92家沪市上市公司为样本企业,利用W ilcoxon秩和检验、Panel分析以及系数约束检验分析比较了公司实施ERP前后的绩效变化.研究结果表明:不能根据单一检验分析方法片面得出实施ERP是否存在信息技术的生产率悖论现象.国内企业实施ERP当年及之后1~2年绩效略有下降,但变化不显著;实施ERP之后第3年多数企业没有起到改善绩效的预期,但少数公司却利用ERP显著改善了公司绩效,少数公司实施ERP存在短期绩效下降现象.指出造成这种结果的主要原因是ERP实施成功率较低,并不是ERP本身存在信息技术的生产率悖论问题.     

Integration of the information systems in the production process: a case study

This paper evaluates the execution of an ERP – enterprise resource planning in a production process. The changes that were made to processes to make them compatible with ERP modules and adaptations that were required by the ERP implementation are presented. The presented study is different from the normal patterns of a vertical implementation, since its application is not direct. In order to use the standard modules of the ERP system, the internal processes were embellished and the data collection steps were integrated into the production process (production orders, inventory, production, daily consumption, daily output). The case study shows that the ERP implementation caused an improvement of the processes in the areas adjacent to production (purchasing, logistics, distribution, supply and sales). In conclusion, this paper presents the main advantages and disadvantages of the ERP system implementation, as well as some considerations and recommendations for the future ERP implementations.