More than half of the men in a Swedish population of men aged 55, 65 and 75 believe in ‘a male climacteric’

Aim.?Symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) are often unspecific, and the existence of a male climacteric has been much debated. In this study, we investigate aging men's thoughts about, and beliefs, in a ‘male climacteric’.

Methods.?A questionnaire was developed including background demographic data, symptoms possibly related to LOH and questions about men's thoughts and beliefs in a ‘male climacteric’. All men, 55-, 65- and 75-years old, living in Linkoping, Sweden (n?=?1885) received the questionnaire.

Results.?One thousand three hundred fifty-six (72%) questionnaires were eligible for evaluation, 65.4% of the responders had heard of a ‘male climacteric’, and 42.2% believed it existed but only 3% had sought medical advice for these symptoms. More than half believed that a ‘male climacteric’ was related to decreased libido and less strong erections. Almost half of the men thought that decreased memory and/or dystymia and anxiousness were related to a male climacteric.

Conclusions.?The majority of men have heard of a male climacteric, but only a minority had consulted a practitioner about their symptoms. More information and knowledge are needed, for the general population to better motivate men to seek medical advice and also for the health care professionals to better deal with the symptoms of LOH.     

Aging male's symptoms in a Southern Brazil population: lifestyle effects after the age of 40

Background.?The interest of epidemiological research about male's aging increased in recent years along with the need to evaluate health-related quality of life. We conducted a population-based cross-sectional study to identify the prevalence of aging male's symptoms (AMS) and factors associated to this condition.

Methods.?The study included 421 men aged 40 years or older, living in the urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. The questionnaire covered sociodemographic, behavioral, and health variables, and to verify the aging male's symptoms, the AMS Scale was used.

Results.?Moderate/severe male's symptoms was considered positive (AMS scores equal or above 37 points) in 20% of men (95% CI 16.1; 24.3). After controlling for confounders, the AMS was significantly associated with aging, self-perceived health status and smoking. The symptoms were more severe among physically inactive men.

Conclusions.?Our findings support the necessity to maintain healthy behaviors like not smoking and regular physical activity since such changeable behaviors could reduce the AMS acceleration and increase life quality and expectancy.     

The impact of irritative lower urinary tract symptoms on erectile dysfunction in aging Taiwanese males

Objective.?This study assessed the possible associations between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in aging Taiwanese males and investigated the impact of various aspects of LUTS on ED.

Methods.?A free health screening for aging males (≥40 years old) was conducted in Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital. All the subjects had completed clinical data and answered questionnaires. ED and LUTS were assessed by validated symptom scales: the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) and the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS).

Results.?A total of 339 eligible patients enrolled in this study with a mean age of 60.1 years old. In multiple logistic regression analysis, age and IPSS (p?<?0.001 and p?=?0.013, respectively) were significantly associated with ED after controlling other comorbidities. In a further age-adjusted multiple regression analysis, our results showed that irritative symptoms (p?=?0.042) have a more significant association with ED than the obstructive symptoms (p?=?0.101).

Conclusions.?Our results indicate that age and LUTS are the two most independent risk factors for ED. Aging Taiwanese males with LUTS are at increasing risk for ED, especially for those with significant irritative symptoms.     

Impact of metabolic syndrome on erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients

Introduction.?The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among metabolic syndrome (MetS), erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods.?Our study included 106 patients with BPH, 33 (31.1%) of whom had MetS. Blood pressures, waist circumferences, serum levels of fasting blood glucose, high density lipoprotein and triglyceride of patients were recorded. Erectile functions of the patients were evaluated by International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Patients were divided into two groups according to IIEF scores, namely ‘mild/no ED’ and ‘moderate/severe ED’. IIEF scores of ED groups were between 17 and 30 and 6–16 in turn. LUTS severities were assessed by International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and classified as mild (IPSS 0–7), moderate (IPSS 8–19) and severe (IPSS 20–35).

Results.?There was a significant difference between ED groups concerning MetS presence (p?=?0.032). MetS presence was not found to be associated with the severity of LUTS (p?=?0.144). There was no correlation between ED groups regarding LUTS severity (p?=?0.303).

Conclusion.?Results of the present study showed a correlation between MetS presence and ED. In the light of our results, MetS seems to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of ED in patients with BPH.     

Prevalence,incidence and risk factors of testosterone deficiency in a population-based cohort of men: results from the study of health in Pomerania

Objective.?Low total testosterone levels (TT) have been associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, the prevalence and incidence of testosterone deficiency (TD) in association with its risk has not been assessed systematically to date.

Methods.?Data from the prospective population-based Study of Health in Pomerania were used. From the 2117 men aged 20–79 years at baseline, 1490 men with complete TT data were analysed. Crude and age-specific prevalence and incidence rates of TD were estimated by TT levels below the age-specific 10th percentile. Analysis of covariance and Poisson regression models were used to assess the association of socio-demographic characteristics, health-related lifestyle, as well as somatometric, medical and laboratory measures with risk of incident TD.

Results.?TD baseline prevalence was 10.4% (N?=?155) and incidence 11.7 per 1000 person-years. TT levels showed a significant age-related decline with an unadjusted rate of 0.05 nmol/l per year. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and dyslipidaemia were identified as risk factors of incident TD. Subpopulations of men without the revealed risk factors at both examinations maintained constant TT levels over time.

Conclusions.?Besides aging alone, lifestyle and different comorbidities were associated with TT level decline, suggesting that the age-related TT decline may be at least partly prevented through the management of potentially modifiable risk factors and health related behaviour.     

Living with a prostate cancer diagnosis: a qualitative 2-year follow-up

Aim.?Previous research has identified how newly diagnosed prostate cancer affects men's daily lives, including daily activities and existential issues. The aim of this qualitative study was to provide information if and how prostate cancer affects men's daily lives 2 years after the diagnosis.

Methods.?A second follow-up interview with men who were diagnosed with localized or advanced prostate cancer approximately 18–24 months earlier. Twenty-two men aged 50–85 years participated, data were analyzed by hermeneutical interpretation with Gadamer's approach.

Results.?The men feel healthy, but prostate cancer affects their daily lives. They experience every day fatigue associated with several changes in life due to age. Three equivalent fusions which influenced the men are: ‘Age is claiming its due’, ‘Living with uncertainty’, and ‘Strengthen self-esteem’. The unifying fusion is identified as ‘Balancing a changed life situation.’

Conclusions.?There is need for knowledge and guidance for men with prostate cancer on how to adapt to new life situation decreasing uncertainty and increasing welfare. Men found a sense of pride, despite physical changes, in appreciating independence and close relationships. Value of life was readjusted. The findings indicate harmony in living, enjoying being frank as well as rating the ‘little’ things.     

Harmonized Italian version of the aging males' symptoms scale

Introduction.?The interest in clinical investigations in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of aging men has increased over recent years, particularly in the context of partial androgen deficiency. The aim of this paper is to inform the scientific community about a harmonized Italian Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) scale.

Methods.?There were two slightly different Italian AMS scales, which both underwent an up-to-date linguistic & cultural translation process, i.e., were both valid to be applied in clinical research. However, there are potential long-term problems associated with having two Italian language versions of the scale in the same country. Therefore, an ad hoc committee of key persons related to both versions met with the scale's developer, to create a harmonized single Italian AMS.

Results.?The harmonization meeting came up with a consensus item-by-item and the new Italian reference scale was agreed upon. It was decided that this scale should be published to avoid any confusion among future users.

Conclusion.?The Italian AMS scale published in this paper should be used for future clinical and other research.     

Decline of serum levels of free testosterone in aging healthy Chinese men

Objective.?To investigate the age-related change of serum androgen levels in healthy men and to define a cut-off value of serum testosterone for the diagnosis of androgen deficiency in the aging male.

Method.?1080 healthy men aged 20 to ?70 years old were enrolled in Beijing, Shanghai, Xian and Chongqing. Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone (T), calculated free testosterone (cFT), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), 17beta-oestradiol (E2), the T/LH ratio, and T/SHBG as a free testosterone index (FTI) were all determined.

Results.?Serum total T did not significantly decline, but the cFT, T/LH and FTI progressively decreased with aging. To determine androgen deficiency, the 10th percentile value of men <40 years was defined as the lower cut-off value for cFT, T/LH or FTI, which were 0.3 nmol/L, 2.8 nmol/IU, and 0.4 nmol/IU respectively. With the median value of cFT of men aged between 20 and 49 years as the criterion, the level of cFT was lower in 2.82% of men from 40 to 49 years, in 19.53% from 50 to 59 years, in 22.57% from 60 to 69 years, and in 33.19% of men ?70 years. Taking the above value of cFT as the cut-off point, the prevalence of androgen deficiency in men 40–49 years was 13.0%, 31.8% in men 50–59 years, 30.1% in men 60 to 69 years, and 46.7% in men >70 years.

Conclusions.?(i). While serum total T values do not decline with aging, the levels of cFT gradually decline with aging; (ii) when using the value of cFT of the 10th percentile of men aged 20 to 39 years as the cut-off point, the prevalence of androgen deficiency was <15% before the age of 50 years, and about 30% thereafter, approaching 45% after the age of 70 years; and (iii) in this study the values of T/LH paralleled those of cFT closely; therefore, T/LH could serve as a surrogate for cFT.     

Circadian rhythm of hot flashes and activity levels among prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy

Abstract

Background: Modifiable risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and erectile dysfunction (ED). We aimed to compare the knowledge about the contribution of modifiable risk factors to the pathogenesis of CVD and ED. The impact of patients’ having modifiable risk factors on the awareness of their negative influence on the development of CVD and ED was examined.

Methods: To this multicenter cohort study, we included 417 patients with CHD who had been hospitalized in the cardiology or cardiac surgery department during the previous six weeks and underwent cardiac rehabilitation in one of the five centers. Knowledge about modifiable risk factors was collected. ED was assessed by an abridged IIEF-5 questionnaire. Comparisons between groups were conducted using the Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis test. Relationships were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results: The mean number of correctly identified risk factors for CVD was significantly higher than those for ED (3.71?±?1.87 vs. 2.00?±?1.94; p?<?.0001). Smoking was the most recognized risk factor both for CVD and ED. Dyslipidemia was least frequently identified as a risk factor for CVD. Sedentary lifestyle was the only risk factor whose incidence did not affect the level of patient knowledge.

Conclusions: Cardiac patients with ED know more about risk factors for CVD than ED. It is necessary to include information about the negative impact of modifiable risk factors on sexual health into education programs promoting healthy lifestyles in men with cardiovascular diseases.     

Change in testosterone concentrations over time is a better predictor than the actual concentrations for symptoms of late onset hypogonadism

Abstract

Background. Symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) and concentrations of testosterone (T) and bioavailable testosterone (BT) were studied in relation to the data from the same men 5 years earlier.

Methods.?In 2008, 282 men, aged 60–82 years, answered a questionnaire regarding demographic data, medical history, different symptoms of LOH and the 10 questions from the ‘Androgen Decline in Aging Males (ADAM)-questionnaire’. Blood samples were analysed for concentrations of T and calculations were made for BT.

Results.?A total of 87.2% of the questionnaires were returned and analysed, and 75.2% of the responders gave blood samples. The oldest third of the men were most affected by LOH symptoms (p?<?0.05). Both T and BT concentrations decreased during the 5 years (p?<?0.05) but only the symptom ‘less strong erections’ changed significantly (p?<?0.05). Men reporting one of the four specific symptoms from the ‘ADAM-questionnaire’ for the first time in 2008 had a higher loss of T and BT than men who had unchanged or fewer symptoms than that reported in 2003.

Conclusions.?The magnitude of the decrease in concentrations is a better predictor of LOH than are the actual concentrations of T and BT. A combination of symptoms predicts LOH better than any single symptom.     

Sex life after 65: How does erectile dysfunction affect ageing and elderly men?

Introduction. We report the findings pertinent to the ageing and elderly participants of a population-based study of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Method. We examined the sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported morbidities and responses to the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) of participants aged ≥65 years and ≥80 years.

Results. Most (73%) participants were married or had partners. Among the participants aged ≥65 years, the prevalence of ED (IIEF-5 scores <22) was 67% and of severe ED (IIEF-5 scores <8) 48%. About 32% were sexually active, and 11% had regular sexual intercourse. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) was reported in 37% and diabetes mellitus (DM) in 13%, with odds of ED at 3.91 and 4.68, respectively. Among those aged ≥80 years, the prevalence of ED was 68% and of severe ED 57%. About 12% were sexually active, and 3% had regular sexual intercourse. CVD was reported in 44% and DM in 11%, with corresponding odds of ED at 2.55 and 2.90.

Conclusions. Most ageing and elderly men are in a relationship and many are sexually active. ED is prevalent and severe. Morbidities are common and significantly associated with ED, impairing the sex lives of affected men.     

Are urge incontinence and aging risk factors of erectile dysfunction in patients with male lower urinary tract symptoms?

Introduction: Several studies have indicated that erectile dysfunction (ED) patients also suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We investigated a group of men with LUTS and assessed their sexual function with the aim of being able to predict ED risk factors and introduce ED treatments earlier for this patient group.

Methods: International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), Overactive Bladder Symptoms Score (OABSS) and Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) score were obtained from 236 men with LUTS at their first out-patients visit. Clinical parameters such as body mass index, prostate volume, residual urine volume and prostate specific antigen were also evaluated. The relationship between the SHIM score and other clinical data was analyzed.

Results: According to the SHIM score, ED in men with LUTS was severe 15%, moderate 19%, moderate to mild 28%, mild 17%, normal 7% and data was incomplete in 14%. Based on the results of a multivariate analysis, aging (p?p?=?0.024) were significantly correlated to severe and moderate ED. Furthermore, among OAB symptoms score items, urge urinary incontinence was a risk factor for severe and moderate ED (p?=?0.005).

Conclusion: Aging and OAB (notably urinary urge incontinence) are risk factors for severe and moderate ED in men with LUTS.     

The Impact of Low Socioeconomic Status and Perceived Discrimination on Parental Perceptions of the Well-Being of Latino Children

This exploratory study examined the impact of low socioeconomic status (SES) and perceived discrimination on Latino parents’ perceptions of their children’s mental health issues. Anti-immigrant policies and negative public discourse lead to perceived discrimination among Latinos, which may impact mental health. Participants (106), surveyed in 2011, were Latino, predominantly female, had a mean of 14 years living in the United States, and less than 9 years of education. The results of multivariate ordinary-least-squares regressions indicated that participants with lower levels of SES had significantly greater (p < .05) perceptions that their children were angry, had separation anxiety from parents, were fearful, and avoided social situations. Higher levels of perceived discrimination were significantly related (p < .05) to participants’ perceptions of fear among their children. Social service providers must assess for possible mental health issues and develop culturally appropriate intervention strategies to effectively address these issues with parents and children.     

Problem attribution and intervention. The interpretation of problem causations and solutions in regard of Brickman et al.

Typologies of problem perception are of great importance for the reconstruction of social workers’ professional ideologies. The best-known typology has been provided by Brickman et al. who differentiated between a medical, moral, enlightenment, and compensatory model. The article discusses this typology on a conceptual level and indicates its central flaws. An empirical study is presented in which an alternative attempt to develop a typology is tested. The evaluation refers to a wider spectrum of perceptions of problem causes and solutions than the typology of Brickman et al. The resulting typology comprises a ‘social’, a ‘workfare’, a ‘pathology’, and an ‘education’ type.     

Increased prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED): Results of the second epidemiological study on sexual activity and prevalence of ED in Thai males

Objective.?The aim of this study is to investigate changes in sexual activity and the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in Thai males. In addition, the treatment-seeking behaviour of Thai patients suffering from ED is also investigated.

Materials and methods.?In a cross sectional study using a standardized questionnaire with a multi-stage stratified random sampling, 2,269 men aged 40–70 were interviewed. The questionnaire was designed to investigate the effects of socioeconomic factors, medical conditions and unhealthy lifestyles on the development of ED. Furthermore, the questionnaire was designed to characterize the treatment-seeking behaviour of Thai patients suffering from ED.

Results.?Compared to the first report dated the year 2000, the prevalence of ED has increased from 37.5% to 42.18%. In terms of socioeconomic factors, the highest prevalence of ED was observed among unemployed men (78.51%). Prostatism and/or prostatitis (Odd ratios (OR) = 2.02) and long histories of smoking (more than 30 years, OR = 2.36) were identified as statistically significant risk factors for ED, with p-values of <0.001. It is important to notice that 38.78% of the ED patients wanted to discuss their problem with spouses or partners. Three quarters of the ED patients (74.54%) preferred oral medication as therapy.

Conclusions.?The epidemiology of ED in Thailand is changing. An increased prevalence of ED does require further epidemiological studies on a regular basis in order to better understand the etiology of ED and look for measures (such as education) to counter the disease.     

The aging male: the Asian perspective

Introduction: Issues of men’s health have been greatly researched by scholars in recent decades. At men’s health clinics, many patients complain of both insomnia and aging males’ symptoms (AMS). These symptoms might be influenced by biological, psychological or even social factors. The aim of this study was to investigate different aspects of the relationship between insomnia and aging symptoms. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 231 males from a men’s health clinic. Participants completed a set of general data and screening assessments, including the AMS rating scale, insomnia severity index (ISI), Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) and Beck anxiety inventory Chinese version (BAI), to investigate the severity of aging symptoms, insomnia, depression and anxiety. Results: The ISI correlated significantly with the AMS scale, both with (partial correlation coefficient?=?0.470) and without (r?=?0.580) controlled variances of depression and anxiety. Using linear regression, aging symptoms were statistically predicted by the severity of the ISI, and a substantial proportion of the variance was explained (adjusted R²?=?0.410). When all variables were included, this proportion rose to 55.3% (adjusted R²?=?0.553). Conclusion: We suggest that insomnia is a good predictor of aging symptoms across all age groups of men.     

Condom Use Completeness,Perceptions, and Sexual Quality at Most Recent Sexual Event: Results from a U.S. Nationally Representative Probability Sample

Abstract

Objectives: To explore perceptions of condoms associated with complete use and evaluate relationships between condom perceptions, condom use, and sexual quality.

Methods: Using data from a U. S. nationally representative probability sample, we assessed individuals’ condom use perceptions and related characteristics of their most recent sexual event through bivariate and regression analyses (n?=?234).

Results: Most participants reported complete condom use and neutral or positive perceptions of condoms. Though incomplete use was associated with orgasm among women, arousal and pleasure did not differ by gender or duration of condom use.

Conclusions: We found no evidence that delayed application or early condom removal increased sexual arousal or pleasure, which may help sexual health promotion interventions address negative cultural ideas about condoms.     

The Sexual Superhighway Revisited

Abstract

Among gay men, serious health risks (unsafe sex, compulsivity) are associated with seeking sex on the Internet. To better understand the repercussions of this activity from a user's perspective, qualitative interviews with 22 gay men reporting Internet use for sexual purposes were submitted to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The repercussions perceived clustered around themes of sociability (making contact and meeting consequences), sexuality (discovering and deviating), identity (becoming and concealing), and dependency. Findings may help improve the relevance and appeal of online interventions with gay men and sensitize professionals to health issues not traditionally reported in the scientific and clinical literature on gay men and Internet use.     

Men doing women's dirty work: Desegregation,immigrants and employer preferences in the cleaning industry in Norway

The literature on gender desegregation has documented the gendered nature of employment hierarchies and opportunities, but less work has examined how the influx of immigrants in the labour market might affect employment hierarchies and gender segregation. This study examines employers' perceptions of ‘the suitable cleaner' — a traditionally female‐dominated occupation that has received a substantial number of male immigrant workers. Departing from the notion that men in female‐dominated occupations are advantaged by a ‘glass escalator' effect, we analyse how employer preferences position different categories of workers as hireable. Building on interviews with employers in the Norwegian cleaning industry, the study demonstrates how three different but intertwined logics define employer preferences: effectivity demands, professionalization and devaluation. While the first logic favours men as workers and the second devalues ‘female' competence, opening the occupation for men, the third logic favours immigrants, combined positioning immigrant men on top of the hierarchy of suitability.