消费者信任影响因素实证研究--基于过程的观点

诚信是企业进行商业经营的基本准则。为了以“诚信”立世,企业不仅要从自身出发去理解并实践诚信,更为重要的是要从消费者角度探察消费者为什么会信任企业,哪些因素会影响消费者对企业的信任。本文就是从后者出发,探察基于过程的信任的影响因素及其对消费者信任的作用。文章在回顾国内外相关研究的基础上,提出了将前因性实证研究与机制(基础)性理论研究相结合的论点。并就其中的基于过程的信任机制,在医药连锁店行业进行了实证。     

B2C电子商务中基于D-S证据融合理论的推荐信任评价模型

B2C电子商务中成熟消费者推荐是增强新消费者信任的重要渠道.基于证据融合理论,提出一种B2C电子商务中的推荐信任评价模型,从消费者、商品、服务商及其网站、技术和人文环境等方面多视角地分析B2C电子商务中的在线感知信任影响因素,由在线感知信任影响因素建立成熟消费者的个体信任评价指标;对于一个新消费者,根据他熟悉的多个成熟消费者的个体信任评价,基于D-S证据融合理论,提出由多个成熟消费者的信任评价融合而成的推荐信任评价模型,将提出的推荐信任评价模型应用于实际B2C在线购物推荐信任评价.实验结果表明,该模型可以有效地描述新消费者的推荐信任评价过程.     

Repairing and Enhancing Trust: Approaches to Reducing Organizational Trust Deficits

Abstract

Organizational scholars have long touted the myriad benefits of trust for organizational functioning and performance. Recent surveys, however, document pervasive deficits in such trust. This article addresses the important topic of reducing these deficits. Our attack on this problem is two pronged. First, we examine approaches to repairing damaged trust within organizational settings. Specifically, we assess the state of organizational theory and knowledge regarding effective approaches to trust repair after internal or external events have weakened or damaged trust in an organization. We define what is meant by trust repair, review the most common ways that trust is broken, and then explore the three major approaches that have received the most attention in trust‐repair research. We then address the question of how trust, once repaired, can be enhanced and made more durable and stable. Specifically, we examine theory and evidence regarding the antecedent conditions that support the development and maintenance of what we term presumptive trust among organizational members. We conclude the article with some recommendations of fruitful directions for future research.     

不同维度信任相互作用及对在线购物意愿影响研究

信任显著影响消费者对特定网站的购买意愿,许多学者分析信任对于购买意愿的影响,但大多都将信任作为单一维度的变量进行分析。将信任分解为能力信任、正直信任和友善信任3个基本维度,分析不同维度信任之间的相互作用及其对在线购物意愿的影响。通过在线收集191份消费者数据,采用三阶段最小二乘分析方法进行实证。研究结果表明,能力信任直接影响在线购物意愿,友善信任和正直信任并不直接影响消费者的在线购买意愿,正直信任通过与能力信任的相互作用间接影响在线购物意愿,友善信任通过作用于正直信任最终影响在线购物意愿。最后给出网站应如何分配资源和向消费者传达网站值得信赖的属性的建议。     

Consumer Evaluations of Food Risk Management Quality in Europe

In developing and implementing appropriate food risk management strategies, it is important to understand how consumers evaluate the quality of food risk management practices. The aim of this study is to model the underlying psychological factors influencing consumer evaluations of food risk management quality using structural equation modeling techniques (SEM), and to examine the extent to which the influence of these factors is country-specific (comparing respondents from Denmark, Germany, Greece, Slovenia, and the United Kingdom). A survey was developed to model the factors that drive consumer evaluations of food risk management practices and their relative importance (n= 2,533 total respondents). The measurement scales included in the structural model were configurally and metrically invariant across countries. Results show that some factors appear to drive perceptions of effective food risk management in all the countries studied, such as proactive consumer protection, which was positively related to consumers' evaluation of food risk management quality, while opaque and reactive risk management was negatively related to perceived food risk management quality. Other factors appeared to apply only in certain countries. For example, skepticism in risk assessment and communication practices was negatively related to food risk management quality, particularly so in the UK. Expertise of food risk managers appeared to be a key factor in consumers' evaluation of food risk management quality in some countries. However, trust in the honesty of food risk managers did not have a significant effect on food risk management quality. From the results, policy implications for food risk management are discussed and important directions for future research are identified.     

C2C环境下顾客初始信任的影响机制研究:网上购物经验的调节作用

本文基于网上购物经验不同的顾客,运用实证研究探讨了C2C环境下顾客初始信任的影响机制。结果表明,感知产品、感知信用评分和感知客户评论均显著影响顾客初始信任;网上购物经验显著调节感知产品和感知信用评分对顾客初始信任的影响,而对感知客户评论与初始信任的关系未起到显著调节作用。本文深化了顾客初始信任的理论研究,对网上店铺赢得顾客初始信任及顾客购买意愿具有实践意义。     

政府支持、信任与供应链外部整合的关系研究

当前学术界对于影响供应链整合的因素、这些因素如何影响到供应链整合的研究相对匮乏。本研究则以广东省珠三角地区251家制造业为调查对象,构建了政府支持、信任与供应链外部整合之间关系的理论模型,以结构方程为工具,对政府支持、客户信任、供应商信任、客户整合、供应商整合之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,政府支持对客户信任、供应商信任均有显著的正向影响;政府支持对客户整合、供应商整合也均有显著的影响;信任对供应链外部整合具有显著的正向影响;此外,政府支持会以信任为中介,间接地对供应链外部整合产生影响,本研究弥补了我国情境下制度与信任因素对供应链整合影响相关研究的空缺,研究结果对我国制造业进行高效供应链整合具有一定的启发意义。     

基于时间继起的消费者信任修复研究

企业的产品质量危机极大的损害消费者的信任,企业的发展离不开消费者的信任。关注消费者的信任修复,考虑到信任修复是个动态的过程,使用情景模拟法对消费者的初始信任修复和后续信任修复进行实证研究,利用SPSS对数据进行方差分析和多元回归分析。研究结果表明,消费者宽恕倾向对初始和后续的重购意愿有显著影响。在初始信任修复中,修复方式对初始重购意愿有显著影响,初始善意信任信念在修复方式和初始重购意愿的关系中起中介作用;在后续信任修复中,修复方式和有无欺骗对后续重购意愿有显著影响,并且两者交互作用显著,后续善意信任信念和后续正直信任信念在修复方式、欺骗和后续重购意愿的关系中起中介作用。     

移动证券用户的初始信任模型研究

缺乏对移动证券的信任是影响股民采纳的一个主要障碍,探讨移动证券初始信任的决定因素,对于指导业界制定合理的策略建立信任、吸引更多股民的采纳具有重要意义。本研究构建了一个初始信任的综合模型,分析了七个前因变量(无所不在、信息质量、兼容性、感知的声誉、感知的大小、结构保证和信任倾向)对移动证券的初始信任的影响。采用结构方程技术对模型进行了实证检验和分析。研究发现,股民对移动证券的初始信任主要受信息质量、无所不在、兼容性、结构保证和信任倾向的影响。最后提出了对策建议以及进一步研究的方向。     

Consumer Trust in Food Safety—A Multidisciplinary Approach and Empirical Evidence from Taiwan

Food scandals that happened in recent years have increased consumers' risk perceptions of foods and decreased their trust in food safety. A better understanding of the consumer trust in food safety can improve the effectiveness of public policy and allow the development of the best practice in risk communication. This study proposes a research framework from a psychometric approach to investigate the relationships between the consumer's trust in food safety and the antecedents of risk perceptions of foods based on a reflexive modernization perspective and a cultural theory perspective in the hope of benefiting the future empirical study. The empirical results from a structural equation modeling analysis of Taiwan as a case in point reveal that this research framework based on a multidisciplinary perspective can be a valuable tool for a growing understanding of consumer trust in food safety. The antecedents in the psychometric research framework comprised reflexive modernization factors and cultural theory factors have all been supported in this study except the consumer's perception of pessimism toward food. Moreover, the empirical results of repeated measures analysis of variance give more detailed information to grasp empirical implications and to provide some suggestions to the actors and institutions involved in the food supply chain in Taiwan.     

动态营销范式下中国服务业顾客满意形成机制研究

尝试分析两大营销范式涉及的多个变量:服务质量(硬质量、软质量)、顾客信任(销售员信任、服务商的信任)、感知价值、顾客承诺和总体满意,并展示它们之间的关系.同时,提出了一个整合模型并建立了反映以上变量关联的一系列假设,通过实证研究验证了消费者满意的结构方程模型(SEM).最后,为企业赢取顾客满意提出了建议.     

Seeing Is Believing: The Transitory Influence of Reputation Information on E‐Commerce Trust and Decision Making

This research examines the transitory influence of reputation information on consumer decision making regarding an e‐vendor. Using social judgment theory to explain how reputation information's effect on perceptions may be fleeting, we specifically examined how user trusting beliefs related to an e‐vendor change after a simple exposure to the Web site. A total of 369 college students participated in an experiment that found that reputation information was initially strongly related to trusting beliefs regarding the e‐vendor, but a brief nonpurchase‐related exposure to the e‐vendor's Web site—that is, direct experience—reduced reputation's effects significantly. This research provides insights into why reputation information may be more important in certain circumstances than in others and enhances our understanding of how consumer decision making is affected by different purchasing contexts. This research also has implications on the design and use of trust‐building technologies.     

Supply risk mitigation: a multi-theoretical perspective

Due to the increasing level of supply risk, it is imperative to obtain a better understanding of the nature of risk which is a premise to developing well-grounded risk mitigation strategies. This paper examines how to mitigate supply risk enlightened by discussing the concept of risk in association of three closely related concepts which are uncertainty, variability and trust. The proposed three perspectives are supported and explained using four case studies comprising of two manufacturers based in Australia and four suppliers based in China. The study provides evidence that supply risk can be mitigated by high level of information and knowledge sharing as well as building trust, commitment and goal congruence in a buyer–supplier relationship. It offers theoretical and managerial implications.     

基于顾客承诺的IT业品牌忠诚形成机制研究

针对"顾客满意悖论"现象,引入心理学中的承诺机制,探讨了顾客满意、顾客信任和顾客承诺对品牌忠诚度的递推影响作用。研究发现,顾客满意、顾客信任不仅对品牌忠诚有直接的影响,还通过顾客承诺的中介作用间接影响品牌忠诚。由此,欲建立品牌忠诚的企业,不仅要强调顾客满意和顾客信任,还要提高顾客情感承诺和持续承诺,通过增加顾客转换成本和情感依赖,获得品牌忠诚,降低客户流失。     

Workplace trust as a mechanism of employee (dis)advantage: The case of employee socioeconomic status

Early work on trust in social science highlighted how the lack of trust between individuals can cause social division, contribute to social stratification, and reduce economic opportunities for people from all social groups. We integrate this work with organizational research on antecedents of trust to generate predictions explaining when and why low employee socioeconomic status (SES) can be a barrier to trust. We discuss how this process can impair the success of both organizations as well as their lower-SES employees. We present a model, and data, suggesting that lower-SES employees will be both more distrusted as well as more distrustful relative to their higher-SES colleagues. This, in turn, locks them out of potentially advantageous social and economic exchanges. Our theory adds precision in detecting when and why lower-SES employees face barriers to success in organizations, as well as provides a blueprint for studying the impact of trust on socially disadvantaged groups in organizations.     

基于TAM的移动证券消费者信任实证研究

电子商务环境下的消费者信任研究比较多,但是移动商务环境下消费者对交易型服务的信任研究相对较少。基于技术接受模型,以移动证券业务为研究对象,构建移动商务环境下的消费者信任模型,分析感知的易用性、感知的有用性、感知的安全、信息质量、便利性和信任倾向对移动证券信任的影响以及移动证券的信任、感知的易用性和感知的有用性对消费者使用意愿的作用。通过问卷调查,收集224份有效问卷,采用SPSS和PLS-Graph软件进行统计分析。实证结果表明,感知的有用性、感知的安全、信任倾向和信息质量正向影响消费者对移动证券的信任,感知的易用性和便利性对移动证券的信任没有显著影响,信任是消费者对移动证券产生使用动机的关键要素。最后,对移动证券的服务提供商提出对策建议并指出进一步研究的方向。     

Marginal Trust in Risk Managers: Building and Losing Trust Following Decisions Under Uncertainty

Although a considerable amount of research has examined correlates of baseline public trust in risk managers, much less research has looked at marginal changes in public trust following specific events. Such research is important for identifying what kinds of events will lead to increases and decreases in public trust and thus for understanding how trust is built and lost. Using a taxonomy based upon signal detection theory (SDT), the current article presents two experimental studies examining marginal trust change following eight different types of events. Supporting predictions, cautious decisionmakers who accepted signs of danger (Hits and False Alarms) were more likely to be trusted than those who rejected them (All Clears and Misses). Moreover, transparency about an event was associated with higher levels of marginal trust than a lack of transparency in line with earlier findings. Contrary to predictions, however, trust was less affected by whether the decisions were correct (i.e., Hits and All Clears) or incorrect (i.e., False Alarms and Misses). This finding was primarily due to a "False Alarm Effect" whereby Open False Alarms led to positive increases in trust despite being incorrect assessments of risk. Results are explained in terms of a cue diagnosticity account of impression formation and suggest that a taxonomy of event types based on SDT may be useful in furthering our understanding of how public trust in risk managers is gained and lost.     

Will the Truth Set Us Free? An Exploration of CSR Motive and Commitment

This article examines why firms engage in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Specifically, it investigates the relationship between a firm's motivation to engage in CSR and the depth of its commitment. I propose that the enduring debate over CSR and financial performance is misaligned, and that scholars should instead focus on the underlying components of CSR engagement. This research sheds light on the motivational antecedents of a firm's engagement in CSR and their effect on CSR commitment. Despite calls for scientific investigation of this linkage, it has received scant attention in the literature. Pursuing this area of research requires the construction of measures of CSR motivation and CSR commitment, as prior work generally lacks objective analysis. I present measures and a research methodology that test hypotheses about how CSR motivation relates to different levels of CSR commitment. The results of this research both validate and challenge current theory. This refined understanding of CSR engagement may enhance firm transparency and accountability to stakeholders. It may reduce the uncertainty in both internal and external assessments of firm CSR and the potential for social and financial impact.     

An Empirical Investigation of Web Site Use Using a Commitment‐Based Model

Companies throughout industry are interested in retaining existing customers, because customers' continuous consumption of products and services is critical to the long‐term value propositions of most organizations. Thus, decision‐making strategies that promote continuous use and customer retention are of research interest, both theoretically and practically. In the present research, we investigate one important area of continuous usage, that of Web site use. In particular, we use several theories of commitment to understand how an individual's decision to continue to use a Web site is influenced by his or her commitment toward that Web site and the vendor that supports it. Results derived from data collected from 335 users of a variety of Web sites indicated that affective commitment, calculative commitment, quality of alternatives, and trust were significantly associated with an individual's behavioral intention to continue to use a Web site. Implications for customer retention and decision‐making strategies are discussed.