新型城市化发展与生态城市建设

从文化和生态美学的视域来看,实现人与自然协调相处、和谐共生是打造生态城市、建设幸福广州的题中应有之义。广州新型城市化发展,就是要构筑以花城绿城水城为特点的生态城市,美化优化人居环境,优化提升“天更蓝、水更清、路更畅、房更靓、城更美”的城市环境。在新时期,广州要重视挖掘、继承、转化岭南文化传统的生态精神,努力推动“生态城市”建设。     

论预防和化解广州社会矛盾的法治途径

广州在推进新型城市化过程中面临复杂的社会矛盾和巨大的维稳压力。传统维稳方式从治安和舆论两方面入手,实施"抓、压、堵截、监控"等刚性维稳做法,社会效果欠佳。党的十八届三中全会指出,必须"坚持依法治理,加强法治保障,运用法治思维和法治方式化解社会矛盾"。本文通过分析广州新型城市化发展中社会矛盾的现状和原因,提出预防和化解社会矛盾的法治途径,以期为建设幸福广州提供对策。     

影响广州新型城市化发展的法治问题

广州新型城市化发展是一项复杂的系统工程,涉及到各方面的法律问题,需要厘清所面临的法治问题,使新型城市化建设走向制度化、规范化、科学化.因此,探讨广州新型城市化发展的法治问题,为广州新型城市化发展提供法治保障,加快广州新型城市化发展具有重要意义.     

基于城乡和谐发展的广州新型城市化实现路径研究

新型城市化是广州落实科学发展观的创新实践,是城乡一体、城乡和谐发展的城市化。当前广州新型城市化发展已到一个新的历史转折点上,面临着二元结构和体制严重制约和束缚农村经济社会发展、城乡发展差距扩大、高度发达的城市经济与落后的农村经济并存、农村改革发展滞后、城乡资源配置不均衡等主要挑战。基于城乡和谐发展的广州新型城市化实现路径应突出"一个核心、两大重点、三大支撑"。其中,"一个核心"即提升城乡统筹与城乡一体化发展水平;"两大重点"即缩小城乡居民收入差距、促进城乡基本公共服务均等化;"三大支撑"即产业发展互补、空间发展融合、社会发展和谐。     

新型城市化发展中的“平安天河”建设

广州市委书记万庆良在广州市第十次党代会响亮地提出了"12338"战略部署,吹响了以经济低碳、城市智慧、社会文明、生态优美、城乡一体、生活幸福为内涵特征的新型城市化发展号角。本文拟阐述平安建设在新型城市化发展中的地位作用,政法系统在新型城市化发展中扮演的重要角色,探析在此背景下"平安天河"建设的基本思路。一、平安建设是新型城市化发展中不可或缺的基础环节新型城市化作为建设新广州的"顶层设计",是科学发展观在广州的具体运用和创     

新型城市化进程中广州文化建设研究

广州市第十次党代会做出了"12338"的战略部署,提出了广州要全面建设国家中心城市和率先转型升级、建设幸福广州,强化国家中心城市地位、跨入世界先进城市行列.由此,广州走向从传统城市化进入新型城市化建设的阶段.在新型城市化建设的过程中,文化建设不可或缺,它对社会经济发展具有不可忽视和不容低估的巨大作用,加强文化建设可以提升广州的实力和国际地位,推动广州社会经济的发展.     

新型城市化：广州议程

广州新型城市化战略意在强调探索广州城市发展新路子,促使广州重新回到世界城市之列。这一战略表明,广州必须把握新型城市化的结构转换方向,体现历史和环境保护、文化实力提升、创新动力和社会发展等新的空间形态要求,以世界先进城市、国家中心城市、珠三角城市群核心城市为目标,采取顶层设计、改革创新动力要素注入和回归市民生活三条路径,以相应公共政策促进美好治理、持续发展和和谐繁荣。     

广州走新型城市化发展道路应注意的问题及对策

走具有广州特色的新型城市化道路，对广州全面建设国家中心城市和经济发展具有重大的战略意义。本文通过分析拉美国家的经验教训，总结出需要解决的问题，并提出广州走新型城市化道路的对策建议，为广州城市发展提供参考。     

广州新型城市化发展的法治保障

广州新型城市化发展是一项复杂的系统工程,需要进一步的法治保障。当前存在的法治障碍,尤其是以外生性、强制性制度变迁为主导的制度障碍,影响新型城市化的健康发展。从法治的视角来看,良好的立法机制是新型城市化发展的前提基础,法治政府是法治城市建设的核心环节,公正司法是新型城市化发展的司法保障,只有从这三方面着力,才能为广州新型城市化发展提供较为全面的法治保障。     

广州建设智慧城市的现实基础及措施

智慧城市是广州新型城市化发展道路的重要内容。本文分析了广州建设智慧城市的重要意义和现实基础,提出广州建设智慧城市的对策措施,以推动率先转型升级、建设幸福广州。     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Comments on the National College English Test

College English Test is an important national test for Chinese college students, this paper introduces the distribution of scores, time of examination, and analyses the four parts in CET ,such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, integrated testing, and writing based on testing theories.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

The gender gap in pensions in Latin America

Lower female lifetime labour market participation rates, greater interruptions during their working lives, and wage gaps contribute to create gender gaps in pensions at the time of retirement. The design of social security systems may reinforce or attenuate these gaps. This article provides new evidence on gender gaps in access to pensions and in pension income in four Southern Cone countries in Latin America and analyses their evolution between 2000 and 2013, showing significant improvements in both gaps, with differential patterns by countries. The decrease in the gender gap in pension income has been particularly significant in Argentina and Brazil. In both cases, the largest increases in pension values during the period correspond to the lowest income percentiles, where women are overrepresented. The application of redistributive policies in these countries, aimed at reducing poverty and inequality but not necessarily focused on gender equity, has had positive and probably unintended consequences in terms of reduction in gender gaps in pensions.     

Is subsidiarity a conditio sine qua non for sustainability?

This paper argues that subsidiarity is a condicio sine qua non for sustainability. Through the complexity paradigm, the paper provides a historical reconstruction of both concepts to the end of elucidating their interdependence. The main thesis is that subsidiarity to sustainability is what self-organisation is to emergence. The paper ends with a sketch of future global governance structures based on a subsidiarity where cities take the lead on sustainability.     

Global employment and decent jobs, 2010–2030: The forces of demography and automation

Globally, an estimated 734 million jobs will be required between 2010 and 2030 to accommodate recent and ongoing demographic shifts, account for plausible changes in labour force participation rates, and achieve target unemployment rates of at or below 4 per cent for adults and at or below 8 per cent for youth. The facts that most new jobs will be required in countries where “decent” jobs are less prevalent and workers in many occupations are increasingly subject to risks of automation further compound the challenge of job creation, which is already quite sizable in historical perspective. Failure to create the jobs that are needed through 2030 would put currently operative social security systems under pressure and undermine efforts to guarantee the national social protection floors enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).