新形势下高职院校学生创新创业教育体系研究

随着“双创”教育的深入开展和国家职业教育改革的不断深化,对高职院校学生创新创业能力的要求越来越高。新形势下如何加强培养高职院校学生创新精神和创业能力,成了当前社会、高校和企业共同关注的焦点问题之一。该文分析了目前高职院校学生创新创业教育现状及发展趋势,强调培养高职院校学生创新创业能力的必要性和紧迫性,探讨新形势下培养高职院校学生创新创业能力的路径,以更好地促进高职院校学生的全面发展。     

产学对接背景下中高职衔接创新创业实训课程体系的构建与实践 ——以浙江育英职业技术学院为例

产学对接是进一步提升中小企业的自主创新能力,推动产学研对接活动切实深入企业,更好地破解企业在生产过程中遇到的技术难题的有效方法.《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010—2020年)》中要求加强中高职的全面衔接,培养中高职学生各个方面的可持续发展的能力,包括创新创业能力.目前中高职学生自主创业比例仍然偏低,主要原因是创新创业教育的投入与效益的反差较大,因此必须进一步深化中高职学生的创新创业教育,必须基于产学对接来探索中高职学生多样化的创新创业模式,提高学生创新创业的有效性,实现中高职学生创新创业能力培养的课程体系的衔接.     

高职学生自主创业培养模式探析——以广州城市职业学院"广州纵梦创业团队"为例

高职院校培养学生自主创业能力对推进"大众创业,万众创新"十分重要,但目前高职学生在自主培养方面存在自主创业氛围不浓、创业教育实践教学体系不完善、缺乏培养学生的创业精神和自主创业师资缺乏等问题.广州城市职业学院构建了"造氛围、开课程、重实践、给政策"的学生自主创业培养模式,培养了"广州纵梦创业团队"等成功的学生自主创业典范.     

加强高职学生创业教育的基本策略

开展创业教育已成为世界高等教育发展和改革的新趋势。中国高等职业教育担负着为社会培养具有实践技能的高层次的实用型、技术型人才的艰巨任务。加强高职学生的创业教育,培养学生的创新精神与创业意识,拓展学生的职业发展空间,对于高职学生更好地适应社会经济飞速发展的需要及人才市场面临的新形势具有十分重要的现实意义。高职学生的创业教育不仅需要更新教育思想观念,而且应把创业思想渗透到学校的各项教育教学活动中,采取多种途径培养学生的创新意识和创业能力。     

体育类高职院校创新创业课程改革研究 ——以T院为例

在政策导向下,创新创业课程已成为体育类高职院校日常教学体系中的重要组成部分,旨在培养学生的创新精神和理念,提升创业能力,强化创业意识.该文立足T院当前教学现状和专业特色,结合校内创新创业教育现状,从教学规划、课程资源等方面对体育类高职院校的创新创业教学进行改革和探索,以提高体育类高职院校学生结合专业的创新创业的综合素质与能力.     

高职院校多渠道立体化就业与创新创业指导教学策略研究

高职院校肩负培养高级专业技术型人才的重要使命,加强对高职学生的就业与创新创业指导,是高职教育的重要工作内容。积极探索多渠道、立体化的指导教学策略,是摆在高职教师面前的现实课题。该文在分析当前高职院校在就业与创新创业指导教学方面的不足后,重点从多个层面探讨打造就业与创新创业指导立体化教学模式的可行策略,以期为高校培养具备创新创业能力和高就业素质的高职学生提供更多参考。     

高职院校化工类创新创业型人才培养研究与实践

随着时代的发展,化工行业对技术技能人才的要求越来越高。该文以协同育人的视角为切入点,深入探讨高职院校在培养化工类大学生创新意识、实践能力方面存在的问题,以社会实际发展需求为导向,加速产教深度融合,大力推进产学协同,实现对新时代化工类创新创业型人才的有效培育。通过着力探讨高职院校培养创新创业型人才的策略和方法,首先论述高职院校学生创新创业教育的意义,其次,对高职院校学生创新创业教育过程中所存在的问题进行科学合理的描述,最后立足于学校实践,在明确成因的基础上提出合理有效的改进策略,促进高职院校在学生创新创业教育方面取得良好成效,为国家、为社会培养出大批高素质、高能力的化工类创新创业型人才。     

创新创业教育理念在《老年护理》课程中的应用探讨

在"双创"政策下,高职院校在对学生进行知识教育、素质教育的同时,也应重视学生创新创业能力的培养.该文结合《老年护理》这门课程,探讨高职院校创新创业教育理念在课程中的应用.简述创新创业的概念、意义,并探讨了应用型人才的培养策略,即在人才培养上突出创新精神及创新创业能力,从而提高高职学生的就业水平,使学生积极参与社会经济的建设,适应新时代的发展.     

高职创业教育的发展定位及培养模式

经济发展和教育模式的脱节导致了我国当前就业形势严峻,开展学生创业教育就成为解决就业问题的一项重要举措,高职院校开展创业教育尤为重要。深入分析高职院校开展创业教育的背景和必要性,提出高职院校开展创业教育的定位,并从培养学生的创业精神、创业个性和创业能力三个方面界定了高职院校开展创业教育的目标。在此基础上,还从课程建设、资源获取以及实践活动三个方面提出了完善我国高职院校创业教育模式的措施。     

基于校企合作的高职食品专业学生创新创业能力培养

高职食品专业学生的创新创业教育不仅是食品学科发展的必然需求,更是社会对食品专业人才培养的要求.校企合作协同育人整合了高职院校和企业双方优势资源,是培养适应市场需求的创新型食品专业人才的有效途径.该文分析了食品专业学生创新创业能力培养的重要性,以及校企合作在学生创新创业能力培养方面的优势.在教学实践中,通过校企共建课程,改革教学内容和方法,探究多元合作模式下创新型人才培养的效果,以期为培养食品专业创新创业人才提供参考.     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Comments on the National College English Test

College English Test is an important national test for Chinese college students, this paper introduces the distribution of scores, time of examination, and analyses the four parts in CET ,such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, integrated testing, and writing based on testing theories.     

Social security reforms in Kenya: Towards a workerist or a citizenship‐based system?

With social security provisions in Kenya remaining under‐reported in the more recent literature, this overview covers recent reforms in key areas of the country's social security system. In the health sector and in old‐age pension provision social security is still mainly workerist (biased toward those in formal employment), and attempts to expand coverage have had limited effect only – cash transfer programmes, for instance, have been expanded but in practice they do not universally cover the entitled categories. Thus, although the Kenyan social security system now has a considerable pro‐poor social assistance component it remains biased toward those in formal employment, to the benefit of the highest income quintile.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

A Man Can be Destroyed but Not Defeated

Santiago,the main hero in the Old Man and the Sea is characterized as someone struggling against defeat. He has gone eighty-four days without catching a fish,the sail of his skiff resembles "the flag of permanent defeat." But the old man refuses defeat at every turn:he resolves to sail out beyond the other fishermen to where the biggest fish promise to be. He lands the marlin,tying his record of eighty-seven days after a brutal three-day fight,and he continues to ward off sharks from stealing his prey,even though he knows the battle is useless. He establishes a great hero:a man can be destroyed but not defeated.     

The gender gap in pensions in Latin America

Lower female lifetime labour market participation rates, greater interruptions during their working lives, and wage gaps contribute to create gender gaps in pensions at the time of retirement. The design of social security systems may reinforce or attenuate these gaps. This article provides new evidence on gender gaps in access to pensions and in pension income in four Southern Cone countries in Latin America and analyses their evolution between 2000 and 2013, showing significant improvements in both gaps, with differential patterns by countries. The decrease in the gender gap in pension income has been particularly significant in Argentina and Brazil. In both cases, the largest increases in pension values during the period correspond to the lowest income percentiles, where women are overrepresented. The application of redistributive policies in these countries, aimed at reducing poverty and inequality but not necessarily focused on gender equity, has had positive and probably unintended consequences in terms of reduction in gender gaps in pensions.